Aamunops Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla, 2022

Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2024, Updating the morphological phylogenetics of Nopinae (Araneae: Caponiidae): novel terminals and characters, with two new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 930 (1), pp. 182-204 : 187-189

Genus Aamunops Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla, 2022

Type species

Aamunops olmeca Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla, 2022 by original designation.

Emended diagnosis

Members of Aamunops can be distinguished from all non-nopines genera by the presence of adesmatic joints on the tarsi ( Figs 2H , 3G , 4H–I ); males differ from all other Nopinae by the presence of a hyaline process associated with the seminal duct, protruding near the embolus tip ( Fig. 5A–B ), and females by the presence of a sclerotized-bifid duct on the anteromedian receptacle base ( Fig. 6D ).

Other species included

A. chimpa Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla, 2022 , A. hoof sp. nov., A. misi Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla, 2022 , A. noono Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla, 2022 and A. yiselae sp. nov.

Description

Described by Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla (2022: 55). New data and emendations: anterior median eyes dark, situated on slightly elevated black tubercle ( Figs 2C , 3C , 4C ). Chelicerae with promarginal and retromarginal rake setae on the anterior and posterior margins of the fang furrow ( Fig. 7D–F ), even reaching ectal side; a few retromarginal slit sensilla on the apical side of chelicerae ( Fig. 7E ). Endites with a short posterior basal projection, more pronounced in males ( Figs 2G , 3D , 4D ). Legs without spines; coxae I–II also with a short posterior basal projection, coxae III–IV without basal projections ( Figs 2G , 3D , 4D ); anterior femora enlarged, three times (or less) as long as wide ( Fig. 8A–B ); metatarsi I, II and III entire, metatarsus IV with a few, wide adesmatic joints restricted to a small portion in the apical third of metatarsus ( Figs 2H , 3G , 4H–I , 9E–F ); gladius enlarged, short, sword-shaped ( Fig. 8C–E ), the most common shape among nopines; all tarsi bi-segmented with a single adesmatic joint ( Fig. 8E ), pretarsus without a perceptible arolium ( Figs 10A , 11B ), unpaired claws short on all legs, smooth without small teeth ( Figs 10A , 11A ); few ventral frictional setae on tarsi and several other setae around pretarsal claws ( Fig. 10A–B, F ); tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi with trichobothria in a single row, bases with semicircular rim bearing slight longitudinal ridges ( Fig. 10C–D ), tarsal organ exposed, roundish, with marginal ring slightly pronounced ( Figs 10E , 11D ), slit sensilla on tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi ( Fig. 11C ). Female spinnerets with one major ampullate gland and two piriform gland spigots on ALS ( Fig. 12A, C ), one presumed minor ampullate gland and an aciniform gland spigots field with at least up to nine glands on PMS ( Fig. 12C ), at least eleven aciniform gland spigots on PLS ( Fig. 12D ). Female palpal femur arcuate upwards ( Fig. 4E–F ), male palpal femur straight ( Fig. 2D–E ). Male embolus long in A. chimpa , A. misi and A. olmeca , short in A. hoof sp. nov., A. noono and A. yiselae sp. nov., strongly sclerotized, protruding from the center of the tegulum, ventrally directed ( Figs 2D–E , 3H–J ). Female internal genitalia consisting of a membranous posterior receptacle (pr) covering a pair of horizontal sclerotized bars (psb) which leads with the sclerotized bifid duct (mp) on anteromedian receptacle base (arb); also an anteromedian receptacle formed by a base (arb) leading to a large, oval membranous sac-like structure (sac) covered with scattered accessory gland openings ( Figs 6B–D , 11E–F ).

Updated key for the species of Aamunops Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla, 2022

1. Males ................................................................................................................................................. 2

– Females ............................................................................................................................................. 7

2. Long embolus, equal to or longer than palpal tibia, with a narrow base and a hyaline process reaching the tip ( Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla 2022: figs 7, 25, 44) ...................................................... 3

– Short embolus, not as long as palpal tibia, with a wide base and a narrow tip that looks like a triangle in lateral view ................................................................................................................................... 5

3. Embolus as long as palpal tibia, distal portion bent ( Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla 2022: figs 26, 44) ..................................................................................................................................................... 4

– Embolus two times as long as palpal tibia, slender, curved ( Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla 2022: figs 7, 16) ........................................................... A. olmeca Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla, 2022

4. Thick, rounded embolus tip; swollen cymbium ( Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla 2022: figs 27, 37) ..................................................................... A. chimpa Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla, 2022

– Thin, sharpened embolus tip ( Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla 2022: fig. 55) ............................... ................................................................................ A. misi Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla, 2022

5. Slender, sinuous embolus, with a curved or straight tip and a hyaline process very thin ................. 6

– Wide, straight embolus, with a hoof-shaped tip and a hyaline process very wide ( Figs 2D–E , 5B ) .. .................................................................................................................................... A. hoof sp. nov.

6. Embolus tip straight with small denticles on the tip and a minute hyaline process ( Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla 2022: figs 62, 68) ...................... A. noono Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla, 2022

– Embolus tip curved without denticles on the tip and a longer and fine hyaline process ( Figs 3H–J , 5A ) ......................................................................................................................... A. yiselae sp. nov.

7. Anteromedian receptacle with a V-shaped sclerotized bifid duct ( Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla 2022: fig. 11) ...................................................... A. olmeca Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla, 2022

– Anteromedian receptacle with a T-shaped sclerotized bifid duct ( Fig. 6D ) ..................................... 8

8. Sclerotized bifid duct with a concave anterior margin ( Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla 2022: fig. 29) ............................................................................................................................................... 9

– Sclerotized bifid duct with a convex anterior margin ( Fig. 6D ) ............................ A. yiselae sp. nov.

9. Sclerotized bifid duct long and thin ( Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla 2022: figs 29–30) .............. ........................................................................... A. chimpa Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla, 2022

– Sclerotized bifid duct short and wide ( Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla 2022: figs 48–49) ............ ................................................................................ A. misi Galán-Sánchez & Álvarez-Padilla, 2022

Figures

Fig. 2. Aamunops hoof sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CNAN-Ar 9727). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Carapace, dorsal view. D. Left palp, in square a detail of the embolus tip, prolateral view. E. Left palp, retrolateral view. F. Sternum and mouth parts, ventral view. G. Right coxa I and endite, arrows show the basal posterior projections, ventral view. H. Right leg IV, arrows show the adesmatic joints, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A‒B = 1 mm; C‒F = 0.5 mm; G‒H = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 3. Aamunops yiselae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CNAN-Ar 6948). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view.C. Carapace, dorsal view. D. Sternum and mouth parts, ventral view. E. Right leg I, prolateral view. F. Right leg III, prolateral view. G. Right leg IV, prolateral view, arrows show the adesmatic joints. H. Left palp, in square a detail of the embolus tip, prolateral view. I. Left palp, ventral view. J. Left palp, retrolateral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 4. Aamunops yiselae sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (CNAN-Ar 6945). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view.C. Carapace, dorsal view. D. Sternum and mouth parts, ventral view. E. Left palp, prolateral view. F. Left palp, retrolateral view. G. External genital area, ventral view. H. Right tarsus and metatarsus IV, prolateral view, arrows show the adesmatic joints. I. Left tarsus and metatarsus IV, retrolateral view, arrows show the adesmatic joints. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A‒B = 1 mm; C‒G = 0.5 mm; H‒I = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 5. Drawings of the embolus tip, prolateral view. A. Aamunops yiselae sp. nov., B. Aamunops hoof sp. nov. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 6. Aamunops yiselae sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (CNAN-Ar 6945). A. External genital area, ventral view. B. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. C. Detail of anteromedian receptaculum base, dorsal view. D. Same, posterior view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A‒B = 0.5 mm, C‒D = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 7. Aamunops yiselae sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (CNAN-Ar 6945), chelicerae. A. Anterior view.B. Ventral view. C. Ectal side showing stridulatory ridges. D. Right fang, ventral view. E. Detail of left fang base, anterior view. F. Detail of right fang base, anterior view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 8. Aamunops yiselae sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (CNAN-Ar 6945), left leg I, retrolateral view. A. Full leg. B. Femur.C. Metatarsus and tarsus. D. Gladius on joint of metatarsus and tarsus. E. Tarsus.F. Metatarsus. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 9. Aamunops yiselae sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (CNAN-Ar 6945), left leg IV. A. femur, metatarsus and tarsus, prolateral view. B. Tarsus, prolateral view. C. Detail of joint metatarsus and tarsus, prolateral oblique view. D. Tarsus, dorsal view. E. Metatarsus, arrow points adesmatic joint, prolateral oblique view. F. Detail of adesmatic joint on metatarsus, prolateral oblique view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 10. Aamunops yiselae sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (CNAN-Ar 6945). A. Left pretarsus I, retrolateral view. B. Left tarsus I, retrolateral view. C. Trichobothrium on left metatarsus I, dorsal oblique view. D. Detail trichobothrium base on left tarsus I, dorsal oblique view. E. Tarsal organ, dorsal view. F. Ventral frictional setae on left pretarsus I, retrolateral oblique view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 11. Aamunops yiselae sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (CNAN-Ar 6945). A. Left pretarsus IV, prolateral view. B. Left pretarsus IV, anterior view. C. Presumed slit sensilla on left tarsus IV, dorsal view. D. Tarsal organ, dorsal view. E. Internal genitalia, ventral view. F. Same, posterior view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 12. Aamunops yiselae sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (CNAN-Ar 6945), spinnerets, posterior view. A. Spinning field. B. Left ALS and PMS. C. Right ALS and PMS. D. Right PMS. E. Detail of presumed minor ampullated gland spigot on PMS.F. Detail of aciniform gland spigot on AMS.Abbreviations: see Material and methods.