Serpocaulon wagneri (Mett.) Smith (2006: 929)

Sanín, David & Salino, Alexandre, 2018, Five new synonyms in Serpocaulon (Polypodiaceae), Phytotaxa 360 (2), pp. 125-134 : 129-132

Serpocaulon wagneri (Mett.) Smith (2006: 929) . Polypodium wagneri Mettenius (1864: 255) . Lectotype (designated by Hensen 1990):— PANAMA. Chiriqui, Wagner s.n. (B 20 0087731!). Remaining syntypes:— COLOMBIA. Ocaña,

Schlim 636 (B 20 0087732!, BR 0000006970819!, P 00632877, RB!). Figs. 2C–D , 3 .

Goniophlebium pectinatum Smith (1854: 230) . Lectoype (designated by Hensen 1990):— PANAMA. Panama: new city of Panama, Seemann 14 (K not seen, isolectotype US 00065832!). Invalid homonym of Goniophlebium pectinatum ( Linnaeus 1753: 1085–1086) Smith (1854: 230) = Pecluma pectinata ( Linnaeus 1753: 1085–1086) Price (1983: 115) .

Polypodium costaricense Christ (1896: 660) . Lectotype (designated by Hensen 1990):— COSTA RICA. Puntarenas: Plaine de Surubres au S. de Puntarenas, côte du Pacifique, 18 July 1890, Biolley 2677 (BR!).

Polypodium kuhlmannii Sampaio (1916: 27) , syn. nov. Lectotype (designated here):— BRAZIL. Matto-Grosso : Salto Augusto , flum. Tapajóz, January 1915, Kuhlmann 1 (R!).

Serpocaulon panorense ( Christensen 1928: 97) Smith (2006: 928) . Polypodium panorense Christensen (1928: 97) , syn. nov. Lectotype (designated by Hensen 1990):— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Río Waupés, Panoré, Spruce 2324 (B 200087731!).

Plants epiphytic. Rhizomes short-creeping, dark brown to reddish, scarcely pruinose; scales dense 1.3−4.3 × 0.6−1.2 mm, subulate, subappressed, peltate, bicolor (whitish at the margin, reddish towards the center). Laminae 26−39 × 4.8−7 cm, linear, pinnatisect, bases truncate, apices pinnatifid and attenuate. Segments 35−49 pairs, basal segment reflexed and surcurrent, medial and apical segments decurrent, terminal segment softly attenuate, membranaceus to papyraceus. Areolae forming one row between the costa and the margin, inconspicuously covered by dense trichomes. Sori from the middle segments forming one row between the costa and the margin. Spores 54−58 × 34−36 μm with thin perine.

Distribution:— Serpocaulon wagneri is distributed from Costa Rica to Brazil at 50–2000 m.

Specimens examined:— BOLIVIA. Beni: Prov. Vaca Díez, vicinity of the Chácobo, village Alto Ivon, 200 m, 11º45’S, 66º02’W, 18 June 1984, Boom 5050 (LPB).— BRAZIL. Amazonia: Manaus-Itacoatiara, km 26, Reserva Forestal Ducke, 02º53’S, 59º58’W, 24 May 1996, Costa 546 (NY); Basin of río Purus, río Cunhuá at Deni Indian village, 06º43’S, 66º47’W, Prance 16421 (NY). Mato Grosso: Alta Floresta, R.P.P.N. Cristalino, local conhecido como Inferno, margem direita do Río Cristalino na direçao do Río Teles Pires, 248−274 m, 09º38'11.4''S, 54º57'00''W, 09 December 2014, Lombardi 10563 (BHCB); Colider, Fazenda Geo-Acu, 15 February 1988, Salino 313 (BHCB); Itaúba, area de inundaçao da Usina Hidroeléctrica Colíder, Río Teles Pires, desde o ancoradouro até corredeiras, 225−254 m, 10º59'35.6"S, 55º31'50.6"W, Lombardi 10525 (BHCB); Juina: beira do Río Perdido, 20 April 1985, da Costa 710 (R); Salto Augusto, flum. Tapajóz, January 1915, Kuhlmann 2 (R).— COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Cáceres, corregimiento de Manizales, 06 July 1978, Mercado 21 (HUA); Mutatá, vereda Cauchera, 66 m, 06 July 1987, Giraldo 112 (HUA). Chocó: Upper Río Tigre near base of Serranía del Darién, E of Unguía, 250−300 m, 08°07'12"N, 77°08'01"W, 18 July 1976, Gentry 16759 (MO). Cundinamarca: Ubalá, vereda San Roque, camino a Campo Hermoso, 1150 m, 30 June 1998, Fernández-Alonso 16217 (COL); Meta: Mesetas, Inspección de Polícia “La Uribe”, Vereda “La Lagartija”, 500 m, 07°07’04”N, 74°16’06”W, 13 August 1989, Betancur 1388 (MO). Norte de Santander: Ocaña, San Pedro, May 1846 −52, Schlim 636 (BR, RB).— COSTA RICA. Arejuela: San Ramón, bosque demostrativo de la Universidad de Costa Rica, sede occidente, 1070 m, 10º05’25”N, 84º29’10”W, 11 August 1999, Pérez s.n. (INB). Cartago: Turrialba, Cordillera de Talamanca, Tayutic, Jicotea, 1100−1600 m, 09°46'48"N, 83°32'24"W, 22 June 1995, Rojas 2022 (MO). Guanacaste: La Cruz, Western part of Cerros Santa Elena, along main ridge just W of second-highest peak (at head of Quebrada Los Chanchos), Península de Santa Elena, 600−620 m, 10°53'30"N, 85°52'00"W, 31 August 2003, Grayum 11925 (MO). Limón: Limón, R.I. Chirripó, Fila de Matama, Admirante, 1060−1330 m, 09°46'12"N, 83°19'48"W, 10 August 1995, Rojas 2188 (MO). Puntarenas: Osa, Vicinity of Boscosa at Quebrada Aguabuena, 08°42’01”N, 83°30’48”W, 11 September 1996, Croat 79295ª (MO). San José: Puriscal, Zona Protectora La Cangreja, along Río Negro, east of Santa Rosa de Puriscal, 315 m, 09°42’00”N, 84°23’30”W, 21 July 1988, Grayum 8611 (MO). Puntarenas: Cantón de Golfito, Península de Osa, Puerto Jiménez, río Nuevo, 0 m, 08º32’19”N, 83º18’21”W, 09 November 1997, Azofeifa 408 (INB). Puntarenas: R.B. Monteverde, Cordillera de Tilarán, Finca Buen Amigo, 1100−1200 m, 10º16’41”N, 84º47’43”W, 22 April 1995, Azofeifa 133 (INB). San José: Cantón de Pérez Zeledón, Cordillera de Talamanca, San Isidro de El General, 700 m, 09º17’50”N, 83º38’55”W, 01 September 1993, Aguilar 2086 (INB).—GUAYANA. Cuyuni-Mazaruni: Pakaraima Mts; 8.6 km NE of Imbaimadai, 900−925 m 05º46’N, 60º15’W, 27 May 1992, Hoffman 1921 (NHN). Mazuruni: Mount Latipu, ca. 8 km N of Kamarang, 600 m, 05º57’N, 60º38’W, Renz 14305 (NHN).— PANAMA. Canal Area: Edge of lake near Madden Dam, 50 m, 09°12’32”N, 79°37’00”W, 18 September 1974, Mori 1995 (MO). Chiriquí: Along road between Concepción and El Hato del Volcán, 16 km above Concepción, 800 m, 08°39’N, 82°38’W, 06 August 1974, Croat 26249 (MO). Coclé: El Valle, 100−800 m, 08°36'N, 80°08'W, 05 September 1938, Allen 740 (MO). Colón: Cerro Jefe, Parque Nacional Chagres, 1010 m, 04 July 2012, Salino 15333 (BHCB). Darién: Parque Nacional del Darién, along S branch of Río Pucuro; forest and ridge S of river and up river from old village of Tacarcuna, ca. 18 km E of Pucuro, 600−800 m, 08°05'N, 77°16'W, 25 October 1987, Hammel 16515 (MO). Herrera: Las Minas, 18 km W of Las Minas, N slope of Alto Higo, 731−914 m, 07°43'48"N, 80°52'25"W− 07°43'24"N, 80°51'47"W, 08 August 1978, Hammel 4358 (MO). Near summit of Cerro Jefe, 900−1000 m, 09°14'02"N, 79°22'30"W, 21 July 1972, Gentry 5533 (MO); Lago Maden, 02 September 1960, Sucre 92 (RB); Lago Maden, 24 September 1960, Sucre 95 (RB). Salamanca: Hydrographic Station, Río Pequení, 80 m, 28−29 July 1938, Woodson 1598 (NHN). Veraguas: Along Río Grande, Arenas del Quebro, Península de Azuero, 10 m, 07°22’N, 80°52’W, 21 July 1990, Grayum 9917 (MO).— VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Río Negro, 2 km E and SE of San Carlos de Río Negro, 120 m, 01°51’N, 67°03’W, 12 November 1987, Liesner 23019 (MO). Barinas: Between la Esmeralda and El Curito, 4 km southwest of Río Capitanejo, 175 m, 25−26 August 1966, Steyermark 96530 (NHN). Bolívar: Municipio Sucre, alrededores de Santa María de Erebato, alto Río Erebato, 340 m, 04°59’N, 64°49’W, February 1989, Fernández 5021 (MO). Portuguesa: La Laguna, vecindad de una lagunita, a 10 kms NNO (en línea recta) de La Estación, 18.5 kms (en línea recta) NNO de Ospino, 900 m, 09°28’N, 69°33’W, 01 November 1982, Steyermark 126907 (MO). Táchira: Montaña de Guafitas, just west and north of El Piñal, 0 m, 07°32’30”N, 71°58’20”W, 07 November 1979, Steyermark 119527 (MO).

Notes:—There is evidence that support the idea that Serpocaulon panorense and Polypodium kuhlmannii are synonyms of S. wagneri . Morphological features such as the pubescence, the laminae linear pinnatifid ( Fig. 3A, C ) and the thin perine on the spores ( Fig. 2C–D ) are similar in all three type specimens. Given that the earliest name available is P. wagneri Mettenius (1864: 255) , the correct name is indeed S. wagneri according to ICN Article 11 ( McNeill et al. 2012).

Serpocaulon wagneri can be confused with S. patentissimum Mett. ex Kuhn (1869: 134) Smith (2006: 928) and S. dasypleuron ( Kunze 1834: 43) Smith (2006: 228) , both species with linear to linear-lanceolate laminae and more than 20 pairs of segments. However, those species have long-creeping rhizomes with small scales 1.3 mm long, which can be either triangular ( S. patentissimum ) or rounded ( S. dasypleuron ). Furthermore, S. wagneri exhibits spores with thin perine ( Ramírez-Valencia et al. 2013, Ramírez-Valencia & Sanín 2016, Fig. 2C–D ).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Spore comparison of the synonyms of Serpocaulon sessilifolium (A and B) and S. wagneri (C and D).A. S. acuminatum, from the type l’Herminier s.n. (RB). B. S. sessilifolium from Anonymus s.n. (P). C. Polypodium kuhlmannii, from the type Kuhlmann 1 (R). D. S. wagneri, from Schlim 636 (BR). Scale bars: 20 μm.All spores are in lateral view.

FIGURE 3. Morphological comparison between the synonyms of Serpocaulon wagneri. A. S. panorense, silhouette of the type Spruce 2324 (B). B. Polypodium kuhlmannii, rhizome scale from Kuhlmann 1 (R). C–D. Serpocaulon wagneri, from Schlim 636 (BR); C. Silhouette. D. Rhizome scale.