Holops cyaneus ( Philippi, 1865: 645 )

Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Guzmán, Vicente Valdés & Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura, 2021, Review of Chilean Cyrtinae (Diptera: Acroceridae) with the Description of Three New Species and the First Record of Villalus inanis from Argentina, Zoological Studies 60 (35), pp. 1-18 : 4-5

Holops cyaneus ( Philippi, 1865: 645)

( Figs. 3–4 , 16 , 21 )

Material examined: syntype: “San Juan, Valdivia, Chile ” (MNHNCL); other specimens: Chile. Coquimbo: El Ñague, 18.x.1976, Leg. K. Lohmar (IEUMCE); El Ñague, 26.10.1991, Leg. J. Solervicens (IEUMCE); Valparaíso: Valparaíso, xi.1967, Leg. W.H. Sifalí (MNHNCL); Caleta Horcón, 2.ii.1969, Leg. M. Cerda; Marga-Marga, x.1927, Leg. NN (MNHNCL); Santo Domingo, xii.1970, Leg. P. Ramírez (MNHNCL); M e t ro p o l i t a n a: La Obra, 1.xii.1991, Leg. NN (MNHNCL); La Obra, 850 m, 26.xii.2011, Leg. A. Ramírez (FRPC); Maule: Constitución, 5.ii.1984, Leg. C. de la Cuadra (MNHNCL); La Araucanía: Nahuelbuta National Park, 20.i.1981, Leg. M. Cerda (MNHNCL); Conguillio National Park, 13.ii.1979, Leg. J. Solervicens (IEUMCE); Los Ríos: Santo Domingo, Valdivia, 31.xii.1989, Leg. E. Krahmer (UACH); Valdivia, 12.xii.1976, Leg. E. Krahmer (UACH).

Type locality: San Juan, Valdivia, Chile ( Philippi, 1865).

Diagnosis: shiny blue-violet species. Head black. Eyes with long blackish pilosity. Scutum with long and brownish pilosity. Katepisternum, meron, katatergite, katepimeron and anatergite opaque violet-bluish color. Legs dark brownish, excepting the tarsi, which are light brown-yellowish. Cell r 4+5 elongated and wide. Abdomen with oval shape in dorsal view and with double size of thorax.

Description: Length: 6.10 ± 0.19 mm; width: 2.06 ± 0.02 mm (head), 3.14 ± 0.05 mm (thorax) and 4.42 ± 0.08 mm (abdomen); wing: 6.00 ± 0.07 mm (n = 10); female: head: black; the size is similar to the height of thorax; antenna inserted in the middle of the head; scape and pedicelum black with similar size among them ( Figs. 3–4 ); flagellum styliform two times and half longer than pedicelum and scape together approximately; in the last flagellomere, a thin black arista raise from apex; antennae shorter than total head length; eyes black with short and brownish ommatrichia; three small ocelli brownish with ocellar triangle shiny black, some protuberant and 5–12 yellowish hairs; occiput blackish with long brownish pilosity; mouth parts yellow; thorax: shiny violet-blue scutum with long, dense and brownish pilosity, sparse but uniformly distributed ( Figs. 3–4 ); postocellar lobe shiny blue with long and brownish pilosity ( Fig. 4 ); anterior spiracle with yellow pilosity; proepimeron and anepisternum shiny blue-violet color; katepisternum, meron, katatergite, katepimeron and anatergite opaque violet-bluish color; anepimeron with some pale hairs ( Fig. 4 ); subalar sclerite brownish without pilosity; scutellum shiny blue-violet color with long and brownish pilosity; legs: coxa, trochanters, femora, tibiae and tarsi have violet-brownish color and covered with short and brown-yellowish pilosity; femora not swollen; tarsi have dense and light brownish pilosity ( Fig. 4 ); black claws; wings: smoky and membranous appearance; all veins dark brown; R 1 and R 2+3 are closer among them; R 4 and R 5 slightly petiolated and separated in the distal part for 1/3 of length of each vein; M 1, M 2 and M 3+4 not reaching the wing margin and similar in size; cell r 4+5 elongated, with five sides and half of length of R 2+3 vein; cell m 3 with triangular shape and 1/3 length of r 4+5, connected to cell bm by a projection of m-cu vein ( Fig. 16 ); halters brownish; calypter rim blackish and interior part is pale brownish with dense and long brownish pilosity; abdomen: strongly curved in 3rd tergite; in dorsal view oval shape with double size of thorax ( Fig. 3 ); fully rough; all tergites shiny blue; tergites 1–4 with the same length and width; tergite 5–6 greatly reduced and not visible in dorsal view; all with long and black pilosity; all sclerite with brownish color; genitalia: cerci rounded in apex and brownish with short blackish pilosity; in dorsal view gonocoxa are brownish and posterior process of the gonocoxa curved inside ( Fig. 21 ); male: similar to female, excepting the total size.

Distribution: from Coquimbo region to Los Ríos region ( Fig. 27 ).

Remarks: endemic species that inhabits several vegetation formations. The specific epithet “ cyaneus ” (= blue (English); azul (Spanish)) is a masculine adjective refers to the color of the body of this species. Following to Morrone (2015), this species inhabits from the Coquimban and Santiagan province in central Chile sub-region to Valdivian forest province in the subantartic sub-region. Schlinger (1987) reported that this spider fly parasites Exlinea (Amaurobiidae) spiders.

Figures

Figs. 1–4. Holops anarayae sp. nov.: (1) dorsal view and (2) lateral view; Holops cyaneus (Philippi, 1865): (3) dorsal view and (4) lateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs. 15–20. Holops wing details: (15) H. anarayae sp. nov.; (16) H. cyanea (Philippi); (17) H. frauenfeldi Schiner; (18) H. grezi sp. nov.; (19) H. pullomen sp. nov., and (20) H. virens.

Figs. 21–26. Genitalia of Holops and Villalus: (21) dorsal view of H. cyanea (Philippi), female; (22) dorsal view of H. pullomen sp. nov.; (23) dorsal and lateral view of H. frauenfeldi Schiner, male; (24) dorsal view of V. inanis (Philippi), female; (25) lateral view of H. pullomen, male; (26) dorsal view of gonocoxa of H. anarayae sp. nov. epa = epandrium; gncx = gonocoxa.

Fig. 27. Distributional map of Holops species.