Odontanthias

White, William T., 2011, Odontanthias randalli n. sp., a new anthiine fish (Serranidae: Anthiinae) from Indonesia, Zootaxa 3015, pp. 21-28 : 27

Key to species of Odontanthias (adapted from Randall & Heemstra, 2006)

1a. Dorsal soft rays 12–14; body depth 2.4–2.9 in SL............................................................ 2

1b. Dorsal soft rays 15–19; body depth 1.9–2.4 in SL............................................................ 7

2a. Third dorsal spine of adults longer than other dorsal spines (except females of some species); caudal fin emarginate, the fin length 2.5–3.0 in SL................................................................................... 3

2b. Third dorsal spine not longer than other dorsal spines; caudal fin lunate, with filamentous lobes, 1.2–2.5 in SL........... 6

3a. Dorsal soft rays 12–13; lateral-line scales 30–33; base of caudal fin with a black bar, often bordered with white...................................................................................... O. rhodopeplus ( Japan to India)

3b. Dorsal soft rays 14; lateral-line scales 35–44; no black bar at base of caudal fin..................................... 4

4a. Spine at angle of preopercle long, reaching edge of subopercle; pectoral rays 16; broad submarginal blackish band in soft por- tion of dorsal fin; no black band or spots on membrane of third dorsal spine.............. O. grahami (New South Wales)

4b. Spine at angle of preopercle reaching only about halfway to edge of subopercle; pectoral rays 18–19; no blackish band in soft portion of dorsal fin; slender black band in distal part of membrane of third dorsal spine............................. 5

5a. Lateral-line scales 44; body depth 2.6–2.7 in SL........................... O. dorsomaculatus (Western Indian Ocean)

5b. Lateral-line scales 34–38; body depth 2.35–2.6 in SL.......................... O. unimaculatus ( Japan to Philippines)

6a. Lateral-line scales 38–42; gill rakers 44–47; caudal fin very lunate with long filamentous lobes, the fin length 1.15–1.4 in SL; pelvic fins very long and filamentous, 1.95–2.5 in SL; large brown area posteriorly on body between soft portions of dorsal and anal fins and on anterior half of caudal peduncle, remainder white............................ O. elizabethae (Hawaii)

6b. Lateral-line scales 46–51; gill rakers 37–41; caudal fin not very lunate, the fin length 1.9–2.7 in SL; pelvic fins not very long, 3.5–4.2 in SL; colour not as above, males with a dark brown blotch covering most of caudal-fin base.................................................................................................. O. caudicinctus (east Africa)

7a. Third dorsal spine extremely elongate, 1.25–2.4 in SL........................................... O. flagris ( Japan)

7b. Third dorsal spine not extremely elongate,> 3.4 in SL......................................................... 8

8a. Third dorsal spine not longer than other dorsal spines......................................................... 9

8b. Third dorsal spine longer than other dorsal spines (except in females of O. borbonius ).............................. 11

9a. Caudal fin with very long caudal lobes, the fin length 1.2–1.6 in SL; gill rakers 42–47............ O. tapui (Pacific Islands)

9b. Caudal fin without very long caudal lobes, the fin length 2.1–2.95 in SL; gill rakers 39–43.......................... 10

10a. Caudal-fin mainly yellow; caudal-fin lobes tapering and not broad, the fin length 2.1–2.35 in SL; mandible fully scaled; scales dorsally on snout ending at line joining anterior nostrils; filamentous second pelvic ray long, 2.7–3.15 in SL; lateral-line scales 36–38......................................................................... O. chrysostictus ( Indonesia)

10b. Caudal-fin mainly red; caudal-fin lobes broad and not tapering, the fin length 2.6–2.95 in SL; mandible scaled forward to sec- ond mandibular pore; scales dorsally on snout nearly reaching base of upper lip; filamentous second pelvic ray extremely long, 1.7–2.05 in SL; lateral-line scales 38–42.............................. O. katayamai (Mariana Is., Japan and Taiwan)

11a. Caudal-fin lobes not tapering, broadly rounded and paddle-like, the fin length 2.4–2.8 in SL; lateral-line scales 42–47.......................................................................... O. fuscipinnis (Hawaii and Johnston Is.)

11b. Caudal-fin lobes tapering, not broadly rounded and paddle-like, the fin length 1.2–2.55 in SL; lateral-line scales 37–43... 12

12a. Body depth 1.9–2.25 in SL; dorsal soft rays 16–18 (strongly modal at 17); pink to red with 9–11 distinct dark brown or yellow blotches, most larger than eye; a broad yellow band from front of snout to base of pectoral fin......................................................................................... O. borbonius (east Africa to western Pacific)

12b. Body depth 2.2–2.5 in SL; dorsal soft rays 16–17 (rarely 17); colour not as above................................. 13

13a. Second dorsal ray longest, 1.5 in head length; lateral-line scales 42; colour pinkish with a large yellow area on body above pec- toral fins....................................................................... O. wassi ( American Samoa)

13b. Third dorsal ray longest, very elongate, 0.7–1.1 in head length; lateral-line scales 37; colour pinkish with numerous yellow spots on dorsal half of body and yellow stripes on head................................. O. randalli n. sp. ( Indonesia)