Aphids

Albrecht, Anders Christian, 2017, Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha), European Journal of Taxonomy 338, pp. 1-160 : 4

Key A. Aphids on spruce ( Picea )

Synopsis

A1 (A2) Dichotomous key to galls on Picea ........................................................................p. 5

A2 (A1) Aphids on Picea ......................................................................................................A3

A3 (A15) On aerial parts of Picea ...........................................................................................A4

A4 (A11) Siphunculi absent; adults with sclerotised ovipositor. Apterae less than 1.2 mm, antennae at most 3-segmented ...................................... Adelgidae Annand, 1928 A5

A5 (A6) Abdomen (all morphs) with 4 pairs of evident spiracles (on abd. 2–5). Gall (when present) with interconnected chambers ............................. Pineus Shimer, 1869: p. 6

A6 (A5) Abdomen (all morphs) with 5 pairs of evident spiracles (on abd. 2–6). Gall with separate chambers ...................................................................................................A7

A7 (A8) Wax glands of overwintering larvae with thin-walled facets secreting solid wax filaments; galls without protruding needles, hair or waxy bloom ................................ ............... Adelges (Aphrastasia) Börner, 1909 and A. ( Dreyfusia ) Börner, 1908) p. 8

A8 (A7) Wax glands of overwintering larvae with double-walled facets secreting glossy, stiff, straight or curved tubes of wax; galls usually with protruding needles and hairs or waxy bloom .............................................................................................................A9

A9 (A10) Overwintering larvae (where known): dorsal sclerites bearing single larger wax pores ringed by small glands of irregular shape. Al. gallicola: ant. IV and V often with broad, indistinct basal articulation ...................... Adelges (Adelges) Vallot, 1836 p. 9

A10 (A9) Overwintering larvae: dorsal sclerites with groups of similar-sized ring-like wax pores. Al. gallicola with basal articulation of ant. IV and V narrower ......................... ................... Adelges ( Gilletteella Börner, 1930 and Sacciphantes Curtis, 1844 ) p. 11

A11 (A4) Siphunculi present; adults without sclerotised ovipositor. Apterae rarely less than 1.2 mm; antennae at least 4-segmented ..................... Aphididae Latreille, 1802 A12

A12 (A13 A14) Siphunculi elongate, tubular .................. Elatobium Mordvilko, 1914 , Aulacorthum Mordvilko, 1914 , Neomyzus van der Goot, 1915 and Aphis Linnaeus, 1758 p. 12

A13 (A12 A14) Siphunculi present as pores not raised from body surface ........................................... .......................................................................................... Mindarus Koch, 1857 p. 14

A14 (A12 A13) Siphunculi present as large pores elevated on obtuse cones ........................................ .............................................................................................. Cinara Curtis, 1835 p. 14

A15 (A3) Aphids on roots of Picea ....................................................................................... A16

A16 (A17) Apterae 2–6 mm, with brown, green or blackish colours; siphunculi present as pores elevated on cones. On thick roots, usually ant-attended ............................................... ............................................................................................. Cinara Curtis, 1835 p. 17

A17 (A16) Apterae 0.5–2 mm, whitish, pale green or yellowish, exuding abundant white wax wool; siphunculi absent. On thin mycorrhizal root ends, not attended by ants ........... ............................................................................. Eriosomatinae Kirkaldy, 1905 p. 17