XENOSTROBINAE, Tan & Tan & Sanpanich & Duangdee & Ambarwati, 2022

Tan, Koh Siang, Tan, Samuel Hui Ming, Sanpanich, Kitithorn, Duangdee, Teerapong & Ambarwati, Reni, 2022, Xenostrobus or Vignadula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae)? A taxonomic re-evaluation of small black mussels inhabiting the upper intertidal zone of the estuaries of Southeast Asia, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196, pp. 316-345 : 323

XENOSTROBINAE SUBFAM. NOV.

ZooBank registration: urn: lsid: zoobank. org:act: 292A8499-1E98-4170-BB09-A1E5333FEB32

Diagnosis: Adult shell ≤ 40 mm in length, mytiliform to modioliform in outline, equivalve; shell surface generally dark purple or brown to black, generally smooth, often with closely set commarginal lines. Umbones subterminal or terminal. Shell interior iridescent, margins devoid of teeth. Ligament internal, resilial pits absent. Posterior adductor muscle scar confluent with single posterior byssal retractor muscle scar. Intestine makes a recurrent loop on the right side of the animal. Currently, Xenostrobinae comprises two genera and seven species distributed in East Asia and Australasia. All species are found in the mid- to upper littoral zone, and the majority live gregariously in or near estuaries.