Turdus philomelos clarkei Hartert, 1909

Mary, Croy, History, Bulletin Of The American Museum Of Natural, At, Central Park West, Street, Th, York, New & Ny, 2005, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History. Part 6. Passeriformes: Prunellidae, Turdidae, Orthonychidae, Timaliidae, Paradoxornithidae, Picathartidae, And Polioptilidae, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2005 (292), pp. 1-132 : 47-50

[ Turdus philomelos clarkei Hartert ]

Hartert (1909c: 54) described T. p. clarkei, listing the type as a male, collected on the Tring estate on 16 May 1902 and housed in the Rothschild Museum. This specimen came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection and was cataloged as AMNH 450911. It was presented to BMNH on 21 September 1936 with other types of British Isles birds from the Rothschild Collection. It is now BMNH Reg. no. 1936.10.15.12 (see Warren and Harrison, 1971: 121). Now Turdus philomelos clarkei Hartert, 1909 ( Cramp, 1988: 989) .

Turdus fuscater quindio Chapman Turdus fuscater quindio Chapman, 1925: 1 (Laguneta, alt. 10,300 ft., Central Andes, Colombia). Now Turdus fuscater quindio Chapman, 1925 . See Clement, 2000: 406.

HOLOTYPE: AMNH 109119 , adult male, collected at Laguneta , 10,300 ft, ca. 048359N, 758309W ( Paynter, 1997: 225), Quindío, Colombia, on 18 May 1911, by Frank M. Chapman and Louis A. Fuertes.

COMMENTS: The AMNH number was giv­ en in the original description. Chapman (1925: 1) reported that he had 63 specimens of quindio, perhaps not including the holotype. There are now 58 paratypes in AMNH and 5 additional ones exchanged with MCZ in 1928 from the 17 localities Chapman list­ ed:

Central Andes

Santa Elena: AMNH 134042–134047

Barro Blanco: AMNH 134030

Rió Toche´: AMNH 112597, 112599, 112600

Laguneta: AMNH 109120, 112586–112591, 112593

Santa Isabel: AMNH 112594

Almaguer: AMNH 116955

West Andes

Paramillo: AMNH 134031–134034, 134039– 134041

Cerro Munchique: AMNH 109925, 109927– 109930; exchanged to MCZ in 1928, AMNH 183608, 183609, 183615

Cocal: AMNH 109931–109933

Ecuador

Mojanda Mts.: AMNH 173494

Pinchincha: AMNH 124852–124854

Pallatanga: AMNH 173491, 173492

Upper Sumaco: AMNH 183610–183614

Rió Upano: AMNH 180979

Oyacachi: AMNH 176202, 180622–180624, 180626, 180627; exchanged to MCZ in 1928, AMNH 176201, 180625

Below Papallacta: AMNH 180628

Above Baeza: AMNH 173837, 173838, 176204, 180620

I do not consider the following specimens paratypes: three specimens exchanged to oth­ er museums long before the description was published (Laguneta: AMNH 112592 to FMNH in July 1919; Paramillo : AMNH 134035 to FMNH in July 1919, AMNH 134037 to DZSA in March 1917) ; two specimens exchanged to USNM at an unknown date, but probably well before this name was published (Santa Isabel: AMNH 112595 , and Paramillo : AMNH 134038 ) ; two specimens exchanged to the Brooklyn Museum in July 1923 and returned to AMNH in 1935, when their bird collection was donated to AMNH (Cerro Munchique: AMNH 109926 , later recataloged as AMNH 439342 , and Rió Toche´ : AMNH 112596 , later recataloged as AMNH 439341 ). Rothschild Collection specimens from relevant localities were received after the description was published and are not paratypes .

Turdus fuscater ockendeni Hellmayr

Turdus fuscater ockendeni Hellmayr, 1906b: 91 (Limbani, Carabaya, 9500 feet).

Now Turdus fuscater ockendeni Hellmayr, 1906 . See Clement, 2000: 406–407.

HOLOTYPE: AMNH 503565 , adult male, collected at Limbani , 9500 ft, 148089S, 698429W ( Stephens and Traylor, 1983: 118), Puno, Peru, on 21 March 1904, by George R. Ockenden (no. 675a). From the Rothschild Collection.

COMMENTS: Hellmayr cited Ockenden’s unique number in the original description and said that the type was in the Rothschild Collection. He did not say how many specimens he studied, but three additional specimens from the Rothschild Collection that would have been available to Hellmayr are paratypes: AMNH 503566 from Limbani, and AMNH 503567 and 503568 from Marcapata.

Planesticus fuscobrunneus Chapman

Planesticus fuscobrunneus Chapman, 1912: 158 (Cerro Munchique, alt. 8325 ft., western Andes, west of Popayan, Cauca, Colombia).

Now Turdus serranus fuscobrunneus ( Chapman, 1912) . See Clement, 2000: 409.

HOLOTYPE: AMNH 109923 , adult female, collected on Cerro Munchique , 8325 ft, 028329N, 768579W ( Paynter, 1997: 289), Cauca, Colombia, on 27 May 1911, by William B. Richardson.

COMMENTS: Chapman gave the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description. Paratypes are AMNH 109917– 109922 and 109924. AMNH 109918 was exchanged with Outram Bangs in 1918 ; Bangs’ collection is now in MCZ.

Turdus roraimae duidae Chapman

Turdus roraimae duidae Chapman, 1929: 23 (Mt. Duida, alt. 6200 ft., Venezuela).

Now Turdus olivater duidae Chapman, 1929 . See Clement, 2000: 413–414.

HOLOTYPE: AMNH 245934 , adult male, collected at the Desfiladero Camp , ca. 038199N, 658359W ( Paynter, 1982: 53) on Mt. Duida, 6200 ft, Amazonas, Venezuela, on 15 January 1929, by the Olalla Brothers on the Tyler Duida Expedition.

COMMENTS: Chapman gave the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description. Twenty paratypes were cataloged: AMNH 247261–247280 . Of these, AMNH 247261 was exchanged to USNM in 1930 ; AMNH 247269 and 247270 were sent as a gift to MCZ from Sidney F. Tyler, Jr .; and AMNH 247275 and 247278 were exchanged to CP in 1940 .

For further description of collecting localities and the avifauna of Mt. Duida, see Chapman (1931).

Planesticus caucae Chapman Planesticus caucae Chapman, 1914: 182 (La Si­

erra, alt. 6300 ft., Central Andes, Cauca, Co­

lombia).

Turdus olivater caucae ( Chapman, 1914) . See

Clement, 2000: 413–414.

HOLOTYPE: AMNH 116938 , adult male, collected at La Sierra , 6800 ft, 028109N, 768459W ( Paynter, 1997: 241), Cauca, Colombia, on 1 March 1912, by Arthur A. Allen and Leo E. Miller (no. 2020).

COMMENTS: Chapman gave the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description. There are three paratypes, all from La Sierra: AMNH 116935–116937 . In the original description, the altitude was listed as 6300 ft ; however, the AMNH label is printed with an altitude of 6800 ft and the field label is also stamped with this figure, although the numbers are indistinct and could be misinterpreted as 6300 ft.

Ridgely and Tudor (1989: 118) suggested that caucae may prove to be a distinct species.

Turdus falcklandii mochae Chapman Turdus falcklandii mochae Chapman, 1934: 3

(Mocha Island, Chile).

Now Turdus falcklandii mochae Chapman, 1934 .

See Clement, 2000: 417.

HOLOTYPE: AMNH 387422 , adult male, collected on Mocha Island , 388229S, 738569W ( Paynter, 1988: 158), Arauco, Chile, on 5 December 1932, by D.S. Bullock (no. 1562).

COMMENTS: Chapman gave the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description. There are two paratypes: AMNH 387420 and 387421.

Ripley (1964: 215) synonymized mochae with T. f. magellanicus.

Turdus plebejus rafaelensis Miller and Griscom

Turdus plebejus rafaelensis Miller and Griscom, 1925: 4 (San Rafael del Norte (4300 ft.), Nicaragua).

Now Turdus plebejus rafaelensis Miller and Griscom, 1925 . See Clement, 2000: 421.

HOLOTYPE: AMNH 144409 , adult male, collected 4 mi NE of San Rafael del Norte, 5000 ft, 138129N, 868069W (Times Atlas), Nicaragua, on 30 March 1917, by Waldron DeWitt Miller (no. 234).

COMMENTS: Miller and Griscom cited the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description and noted that they had six male and two female specimens from Nicaragua, including the type. There are five male, one female, and one unsexed paratypes: AMNH 101372, 101373, 144407, 144408, 144410, 423549, and 423550. AMNH 503280, from San Rafael del Norte, came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection after this description was published and is not a paratype.

There is a slight discrepancy with regard to the collecting altitude of the holotype. Miller and Griscom (1925: 4) published it as 4300 ft, it is given as 4200 ft on the printed label, and Miller’s field label gives the altitude as 5000 ft. Data from the field label are those given above.

Turdus ignobilis goodfellowi Hartert and Hellmayr

Turdus ignobilis goodfellowi Hartert and Hellmayr, 1901: 492 (Castilla, Cauca Valley).

Now Turdus ignobilis goodfellowi Hartert and Hellmayr, 1901 . See Clement, 2000: 422–423. HOLOTYPE: AMNH 503247, adult male, collected at La Castilla, 038309N, 768359W ( Paynter, 1997: 214), Valle del Cauca, Colombia, in June 1898, by Joseph H. Batty. From the Rothschild Collection.

COMMENTS: The holotype was the only specimen of this form collected at La Castilla. There are two paratypes collected by Goodfellow and Hamilton at Popayan, Cauca Valley, Colombia: AMNH 503251 and 503252.

Turdus brunneus Lawrence

Turdus brunneus Lawrence, 1878: 57 (Upper Am­

azons).

Now Turdus lawrencii Coues, 1880 . See Coues,

1880: 570, and Clement, 2000: 423–424.

HOLOTYPE: AMNH 39134 , unsexed, collected on the Upper Amazon , date unknown. From the George N. Lawrence Collection.

COMMENTS: Lawrence, in the original description, noted that this was a [John] Hauxwell skin. Lawrence’s handwritten label is marked ‘‘Type’’ and the defining characters are written by him on the reverse. In addition, it bears an AMNH type label and the AMNH printed Lawrence Collection label. Information on the reverse of this latter label was written by Eugene Eisenmann and relates to the renaming of the taxon by Coues (see below).

In Lawrence’s hand on a fourth label, the specimen is identified as ‘‘ Turdus brunneus leucomelas ’’, and the locality ‘‘Upper Amazon’’ and the initials ‘‘I & S’’ appear. On the reverse of this label, in a different hand, appears: ‘‘ T. leucomelas ’’ and ‘‘See Ex. Orn. Pt. IX’’ (P.L. Sclater and Salvin, 1866 –1869: 143) and initials that I am unable to decipher. These comments probably relate to a footnote to the original description added by Ibis editors Salvin and Sclater: ‘‘We have tried in vain to make this specimen, which Mr. Lawrence has sent us for examination, fit some described species. It is perhaps nearest to T. leucomelas ... ’’.

T. brunneus Lawrence was found to be preoccupied by T. brunneus of Boddaert, 1783, and renamed T. lawrencii by Coues (1880: 570).