Callichroma collarti Fuchs, 1959

Santos-Silva, Antonio & Schmid, Herbert, 2021, Revalidation, synonymies, and notes in American Callichromatini (Coleoptera Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae), Zootaxa 5071 (4), pp. 579-586 : 582-585

Callichroma collarti Fuchs, 1959 , revalidated

( Figs 1–5 )

Callichroma (s. str.) collarti Fuchs, 1959: 2 .

Callichroma collarti ; Damoiseau & Cools, 1987: 8 (types); Monné, 1993: 3 (cat.); Martínez, 2000: 86 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 26 (cat.).

Callichroma sericeum (part); Napp & Martins, 2009: 329 (syn.).

Callichroma magnificum Napp & Martins, 2009: 345 ; Monné et al., 2017: 6 (holotype); Taboada-Verona et al., 2017: 2; Monné, 2021: 39 (cat.). Syn. nov.

Fuchs (1959) described Callichroma collarti ( Figs 3–5 ) as follows (translated): “Male. Frons irregularly, confusedly punctate, genae as long as the lower eye lobes, vertex and space between the antennal tubercles irregularly wrinkled and dense, finely punctate between the wrinkles, also with distinct median groove; area behind eyes rugose. The whole head, except for the black mandible apex, metallic green. Antennae black, more than twice as long as the body, the scape robust, irregularly wrinkled and punctate, with a depression in front of the end and a smaller one at the base; antennomeres III to X increasing in length, XI longer than IX and X together, III to XI carinate lengthways. Anterior margin of the pronotum projected forward centrally, posterior margin straight; lateral tubercles broadly conical, with blunt apex; in front of these, near the anterior margin, a transverse bulge on each side; pronotum constricted anteriorly and posteriorly; the whole surface transversely wrinkled, between the wrinkles and near the anterior margin very densely, finely punctate, lateral of prothorax and prosternum wrinkled; the whole prothorax metallic green, on both sides next to the midline of the pronotum between the wrinkles with more or less short, black pubescence. Scutellum triangular, very finely and densely punctate, with a smooth central longitudinal line, glabrous. Elytra narrowing backward and individually rounded at apex; covered with black-green pubescence, with a narrow, shiny metallic green sutural band, crosswise wrinkled; from the humerus to almost the apex there is a matt, metallic green longitudinal carina; the space between this carina and the side edge is slight lighter green than the space between the carina and the sutural band. Underside of the body shiny metallic green, smooth, with sparse punctures; prosternal process narrow, rounded; mesoventral process broader, flattened. Legs black, pro- and mesofemora, as well as the base half of the metafemora red; femora not punctate; the metafemora surpassing elytral apex, flattened on both sides. Female. Antennae slightly longer than the body, the antennomere XI slight longer than X (one of the females has completely black legs). Length; 28-36 mm. 3 males and 6 females from Muzo, Colombia, or Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia. (The 2 specimens from Sta. Fé de Bogotá carry a note: Callichroma nov. sp. Gounelle, 1911). Closest related to Batesi Gahan, but larger, stouter. Batesi has close to each side of the median line of the pronotum one black tomentose spot, the back of the head is only weakly punctate, the sides of the prothorax, the sloping part of the pronotum and the prosternum are smooth, and only the smooth midline of the pronotum and the shiny part immediately next to the black pubescent spots are wrinkled across; the areas under the black pubescent spots are extremely fine and tightly punctate. In addition, Batesi ’s ventral surface of the thorax and abdomen has short silver-white setae, while in the new species almost no setae can be seen.”

According to Monné (2021) and Tavakilian & Chevillotte (2021): Holotype male: Colombia, Muzo (ISNB). However, as it is possible to see in the original description, there are syntypes, and not holotype and paratypes. Damoiseau & Cools (1987) reported: “ collarti FUCHS, 1959 , Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg. 35, 35: 2, 3, Callichroma . (*) [The etiquette of determination is handwritten by the author] / Type male, allotype female and paratype, (6), Colombie: Muzo, ex coll. Le Moult; Santa Fe De Bogota.” The mention of the specimens of the type series as holotype, allotype, and paratypes, even based on labels included by the author of the species but not mentioned in the original description, has no nomenclatural value (ICZN 1999: 72.1.1).

Napp & Martins (2009) synonymized C. collarti with C. sericeum ( Fabricius, 1793) (translated): “We could not find consistent morphological characters to distinguish C. brachyale , C. gisteli , and C. collarti (as well as the subspecies rubricrus of C. gounellei ) from C. sericeum and we started to consider them as synonyms.” Apparently, Napp & Martins (2009) did not see photographs of the syntypes of C. collarti , which would make it evident that the two names do not correspond to the same species.

Cerambyx sericeus ( Fig. 6 ) has been reported as described by Fabricius (1793), and posteriorly mentioned by Olivier (1795). However, according to Fabricius (1793): “ sericeus . Cerambyx with thorax [prothorax] spined, entirely dark velvety, with elytral suture green, femora red. Cerambyx sericeus . Oliv. Ins. 67. tab. 5. Fig. 37. From Brazil, Museum of Dr. Olivier. Antennae not notably long, black. Head and thorax black, velvety, with distinct green macula [band]. Legs dark, femora red, the metafemora before middle. Metatibiae flattened. Olivier (1795) reported on Cerambyx sericeus : “Fab. Ent. Syst. emend. tom. I pars 2. pag. 253. nº 8.” Although the authorship and publication date are somewhat doubtful, the description in Fabricius (1793) and Olivier (1795), as well as the drawing in Olivier, do not allow having doubts about the mistake in the synonymy, especially by the pronotum densely pubescent in Cerambyx sericeus .

Napp & Martins (2009) described Callichroma magnificum ( Figs. 1–2 ) as follows (translated): “Male. Metallic green with cupreous reflections. Elytra only with metallic cupreous sutural band. Pro- and mesofemora red with peduncle and apex black. Metafemora black with red area near of the base. Antennae twice longer than the body length. Scape robust, with basal depression and apical projection; coarsely rugose-punctate. Antennomere III with distinct sulcus, as long as IV, and shorter than the following ones that have increasing lengths; XI at least 3 times the length of the III. Pronotum entirely striate; striae slender, smooth and distant between them; area between striae with punctures very fine and dense; pubescence not distinct. Striae of the pronotum extend over the lateral tubercles of the prothorax where they are weakest and with sparse punctures. Remaining surface of the sides of the prothorax smooth, shiny. Base shiny, not punctate, with some striae on anterior half and sides. Scutellum microrugose from base to near apex; pubescence not distinct; median sulcus smooth, more distinct on apical half; sulcus and apex of the scutellum cupreous. Sutural band of the elytra glabrous, rugose. On sides, depending on the angle of the light, appears to has a band (or line) very narrow, lighter, starting after the humerus and disappearing on apical third (almost indistinct). Pro- and mesofemora without basal sulcus; profemora with coarse punctures basally; mesofemora with very fine and shallow punctures on peduncle; metafemora opaque, flattened on entire length, without differentiated punctures, reaching the elytral apex. Metatibiae strongly flattened, sinuously expanded on apical half, as wide as the metafemora. Prosternum shiny with striae on entire surface (similar to the prothorax); procoxae surrounded on sides by striae; pubescence indistinct. Mesoventrite almost smooth, shiny. Metaventrite with sparse pubescence, with coarse, distinct punctures throughout. Ventrites shiny, almost smooth, with slight distinct pubescence. Apex of ventrite 6 truncate. Dimensions, mm, holotype male. Total length, 31.2; humeral width, 9.9. Type material. Holotype male, Colombia, Boyaca: Território Vazquez, II.1991, J. Urbina col. (MZSP).”

The study of the original descriptions as well as examination of the holotype of C. magnificum and syntypes of C. collarti allowed concluding that the former is a junior synonym of the latter. Therefore, we are revalidating Callichroma collarti .

In addition to the already mentioned chromatic variation, very common in American Callichromatini, the posterior area of the pronotum of C. collarti can be transversely striate or smooth.

Material examined. COLOMBIA, Boyacá: Território Vasquez , holotype male of C. magnificum, II.1991 , J. Urbina leg. ( MZSP) ; Muzo , syntype female of C. collarti , ex coll. Le Moult [no more data] ( HSCV) . Bogotá: Santa Fé de Bogotá [Bogotá], syntype male of C. collarti [no more data] ( HSCV) .

Figures

FIGURES 1–6. 1–2) Callichroma magnificum, holotype male (MZSP): 1) Dorsal habitus; 2) Head and pronotum. 3–5) Callichroma collarti: 3) Syntype male, head and pronotum (HSCV); 4) Syntype male, labeled as holotype, dorsal habitus (ISNB); 5) Syntype female, dorsal habitus (HSCV). 6) Callichroma sericeum, by Olivier (1795).