Puccinia crassipes Berk. & M.A.Curtis

De Carvalho-Junior, Anibal A. & Hennen, Joe F., 2018, Puccinia on Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in Neotropics, Phytotaxa 344 (2), pp. 133-148 : 134-136

1. Puccinia crassipes Berk. & M.A.Curtis in Berkeley (1874: 54).

≡ Allodus crassipes (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Arthur (1906: 345) .

Type:― UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. South Carolina, Santee Canal, on Ipomoea trichocarpa Elliott, Ravenel 1656 . Figure 1 A− D (Holotype).

= Puccinia opulenta Spegazzini (1880: 170) . Type:―from ARGENTINA. Buenos Aires, Boca del Riachuelo, 1880, on Ipomoea acuminata (Vahl) Roem. & Schult., Spegazzini s.n.

= Aecidium ipomoeae Spegazzini (1880: 173) . Type:― ARGENTINA. Buenos Aires, Boca del Riachuelo, April, 1880, on Ipomoea acuminata (Vahl) Roem. & Schult., Spegazzini s.n.

= Puccinia macrocephala Spegazzini (1891: 173) . Type:― PARAGUAY. Caaguazu, January 1882, on an undetermined genus of Convolvulaceae , now known to be Ipomoea sp. , Balansa 3564.

= Aecidium convolvulinum Spegazzini (1891b: 398) . Type:― PARAGUAY. Posta-cue, date not recorded, on Ipomoea sp. , Balansa 4316.

= Puccinia ipomoeae Cooke in Lagerheim (1895: 61). Type:― UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. South Carolina, place not recorded, on Ipomoea sp. , Ravenel s.n.

Spermogonia on adaxial side of leaves, in groups of 3–6, small, cinnamon-brown, associated with aecia. Aecia and uredinia ( Aecidium type) mainly in groups, these are often distributed over much of the abaxial side of leaves, cupulate to short cylindric, peridial cells 30–42 × 14–21 μm, rhomboidal, outer wall 3–4 μm thick, finely striate or smooth, inner wall 3–6 μm thick, coarsely verrucose; urediniospores catenulate, 19–26 × 16–22 μm, globoid, wall evenly 1–1.5(–2) μm thick, finely verrucose, without smooth spots or refractive granules, colorless. Telia on both sides of leaves, and on stems, 0.2–0.4 mm diam., circular in outline, grouped around the uredinia, or less commonly scattered, often confluent, early naked, pulvinate, dark chocolate-brown to blackish, slightly pulverulent, ruptured epidermis conspicous; teliospores 39–61 × 24–32 μm, ellipsoid, usually rounded at both ends, wall 3–4 μm thick at sides, 6–9 μm above, chestnut-brown with a semihyaline umbo, conspicuously and coarsely verrucose but difficult to detect in darkly pigmented spores, pedicel up to 1.5 times length of spore, tinted next to spore ( Arthur and Orton 1921). Life cycle (0/I, IIcv, III).

Specimen examined (Holotype)―THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. South Carolina: Santee Canal, on Ipomoea trichocarpa Elliott, Ravenel 1656 (K!).

Distribution ― Puccinia crassipes has been reported from many collections: from Argentina ( Hennings, 1896; Lindquist 1982), Bolivia ( Lindquist 1982), Colombia ( Mayor 1913; Kern & Chardon 1927; Buritica & Pardo-Cardona 1996), Mexico ( Orton 1916; Hennen & Cummins 1973), Peru ( Hennings 1904; Arthur 1929), Paraguay ( Sydow & Sydow 1924; Lindquist 1982), Ecuador (Patouillard& Lagerhein 1895; Sydow 1939), southern United States of America ( Berkeley 1874; Arthur & Orton 1921), Central America ( Arthur & Orton 1921), Caribbean islands ( Ferdinandsen & Winge 1908; Orton 1916; Arthur & Orton 1921; Urban 1990), Brazil ( Jackson 1931; Thurston 1940; Lindquist 1982), and Venezuela ( Patouillard & Gaillard 1888).

Notes ―Reports from Nigeria (Africa) by Eboh (1986), and eastern regions of the world ( Farr & Rossman 2015) need confirmation. The determination is doubtful due to the long length of the urediniospore, the greater thickness of its walls and the greater length of teliospores found by Eboh (1986).

Accourding with Lindquist and Costa-Neto (1963), Puccinia ipomoeae Cooke , P. ipomoea-pandurata , P. macrocephala Speg. and P. opulenta are synonyms of P. crassipes . Most collections of P. crassipes consist only of uredinia. In the older literature, the uredinia of P. crassipes are referred to as repeating aecia (or some variation of the spelling of this word), because sori have similar morphology to the anamorph genus Aecidium (peridiate, cupulate sori with catenulate and verrucose spores). Spermogonia were first found by Salazar-Yepes & Carvalho (2010) complementing the species life cycle. Thus, the species has two identical anamorphs; one associated with espemogonia (aecia) and the other without this association (uredinia).

Puccinia crassipes is one of thirteen species of Puccinia now reported on Ipomoea in the neotropics. Eleven of these have Aecidium type as uredinial anamorphs. Lindquist (1982) placed P. opulenta Speg. as a synonym of P. crassipes ― see more details about this below, in Puccinia opulentissima . Viegas (1945), working in Brazil, mistakenly identified his material as P. crassipes . However, by the aspect of illustration of the urediniospores (showing thick and verrucose walls and with smooth spots) the specimen belongs to the new species P. opulentissima , described below.

Puccinia ipomoeae-panduratae (Schwein.) P. Syd. & Syd. ( Sydow & Sydow 1904) , which is based on Aecidium ipomoeae-panduranae Schwein. , was used by some early authors for P. crassipes , but this name cannot be used for a rust because the fungus in the Schweinitz specimen is Albugo ipomoeae-panduratae (Schwein.) Swingle , not a rust. Caeoma convolvulatum Schwein. and Aecidium convolvulinum Schwein. are also based on Albugo and they cannot be used as rust names.

Figures

FIGURE 1. A−D. P. crassipes (Holotype). A−B. Urediniospores.A. Median focus. B. Surface focus. C−D. Teliospores. C. Median focus. D. Surface focus. E−I. P. cuasoensis (Holotype). E. Peridium. F−G. Urediniospores. F. Median focus. G. Surface focus. H−I. Teliospores: H. Median focus. I. Surface focus. J−N. Puccinia distinguenta (Holotype). J. Peridium. K−L. Urediniospores. K. Median focus. L. Surface focus. M−N. Teliospores. M. Median focus. N. Surface focus. Bars: A−D, J−N=20μm; E−I=10μm.