Schinia ciliata Smith

Pogue, Michael G. & Harp, And Charles E., 2005, Systematics of Schinia chrysellus (Grote) complex: Revised status of Schinia alencis (Harvey) with a description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), Zootaxa 898, pp. 1-35 : 16-20

Schinia ciliata Smith

( Figs. 12–13 , 19 , 24 , 32–33 , 42–43 , 49 )

Schinia ciliata Smith 1900: 488 — Dyar 1903:190.— Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 39.— Franclemont and Todd 1983:159.— Poole 1989: 893.— Poole and Gentili 1996: 771.— Hardwick 1996: 187.

Diagnosis. Schinia ciliata most resembles S. rufocostulata Pogue and Harp , but the forewing fascia in ciliata varies in coloration from cinnamon to a mixture of rufous and black scales, and in rufocostulata the band is a bright immaculate rufous. The female papillae analis is narrower in ciliata with a pointed apex and in rufocostulata it is wider and the apex is more rounded. Schinia ciliata can be confused with specimens of chrysellus and chryselloides in which the median band is narrow and the reniform spot is more offset from the band. They can be separated by the coloration of the small patch of scales at the forewing apex. In chrysellus there is no distinct patch, but the apex is concolorous with the terminal band, in chryselloides this area has a few black scales, and in ciliata this area is rufous.

Description. Male. Head: Frons cream, ventral lip produced ( Fig. 19 ); vertex dark rufous; labial palp long, extends beyond frons, white; eyes large and globular. Thorax: Scales wide, dark rufous or white with dark rufous tips; fore femur cinnamon with a few white scales basally on outer surface, long fringe white, rufous at apex; tibia cinnamon, white in apical third, largest spine on inner side slender, round, 2 very slender spines dorsal to it, outer side with 2 slender spines and 1–2 very slender spines that become progressively shorter proximally; tarsi dirty white to grayish­brown with white apical rings; middle femur white to rufous; tibia cinnamon to rufous with white apical ring; tarsi cinnamon to grayish­brown with white apical rings; hind femur white; tibia pale cinnamon; tarsi pale cinnamon with white apical rings; underside white. Forewing: Length 9.04–11.07, mean 10.36 + 0.57 mm (n=10). Ground color shiny white; basal patch cinnamon to rufous; median band narrow with slightly curved margins that can be black, cinnamon to rufous and variably overscaled with black; reniform spot round, concolorous with median band, can be variously ringed with black scales, narrowly contiguous with median band; terminal band white, apical spot cinnamon to rufous, inner margin an irregular cinnamon to rufous line, 4 black spots at margin between veins from apex to mid­wing; fringe white with brown tipped scales at apex; underside pale gray to gray, apical patch white, variably distinct white band at approximately 2/3 length below end of discal cell, white along posterior margin. Hindwing: Ground color shiny white; marginal band absent to faint, if present scales are brown to gray; fringe white. Abdomen: White; scent pockets and hair pencils on second sternite absent. Genitalia ( Figs. 32–33 ): Uncus elongate, approximately 0.31–0.35 times length of valve, apex blunt with small hook; valve moderately elongate to elongate (length approximately 7.4– 10 X width), costal margin gently curved, posterior margin angulate at 2/3 length, apex round; ampulla short (0.03 length of valve); corona with stout spines; sacculus with ventral margin produced; juxta rectangular, height greater than width, ventral margin U­shaped and more sclerotized than rest of juxta; saccus Vshaped; aedoeagus slightly curved, dorsodistal third with fine spines; vesica emerging ventrally, basal diverticulum present, 3 coils; cornuti finely scobinate.

Female. As in male except forewing length 9.45–11.2, 10.24 + 0.61 mm (n=10). Genitalia ( Figs. 42–43 ): Papilla analis a curved elongate triangle, apex pointed; posterior apophysis approximately 0.83–0.88 X length of anterior apophysis; ductus bursae membranous, elongate; appendix bursae shorter than corpus bursae, with 3 coils; corpus bursae ovate; signa 4 scobinate bars.

Type material. Schinia ciliata Smith : Female holotype is in USNM. Type locality: Hot Springs, New Mexico. Type examined.

Biology. Hardwick (1996) noted that ciliata larvae feed on broom snakeweed ( Gutierrezia sarothrae ( Asteraceae )) from observations of a population at Wickenburg, Arizona. This perennial plant occurs in dry, open, shortgrass and mixed prairies and accounts for ciliata specimen records across its range, except in the northern plains of Wyoming and Montana where the moth has not yet been reported.

Distribution ( Fig. 49 ). Southern California east to Utah, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, western Kansas and Oklahoma, and scattered throughout Texas.

Material Examined. All specimens are from the National Museum of Natural History ( USNM) collection except as noted. U.S.A.: ARIZONA: COCHISE CO. Paradise, (1ɗ) Barnes Coll., 1925 (1ɗ, 1Ψ), O. Duffner, June (1Ψ), 1– 7 Oct. (1Ψ), Barnes Coll.; Portal, Portal Lodge, 4700 ft., 11 Sep. 1994 (5Ψ), J.K. Adams (CEH); 1 mi S Portal, Cave Creek Ranch, 29–31 Aug. 1969 (1ɗ), 29–30 Aug. 1971 (1Ψ), E.G. Linsley ( UCB); Portal, Portal Lodge at blacklights @ 4700 ft., 11 Sep. 1994 (5ɗ), J.K. Adams (CEH); Portal, 4–7 Sep. 1964, W. Gertsch ( AMNH). COCONINO CO. Colorado River, Grand Canyon, river mile 166.5 L, old high water, 1 Sep. 2003 (2Ψ), R.J. Delph ( NAU). GILA CO. Globe, 19 Sep. 1933 (1Ψ), 21 Sep. 1933 (1ɗ), ɗ genitalia slide USNM 48027, Parker; Globe ( LACM). MARICOPA CO. Wickenburg, 2000 ft., em. Oct. 1987 (1ɗ, 2Ψ), reared from egg, 28 Sep. 1986 (1Ψ), 29 Sep. 1986 (1Ψ), D. & V. Hardwick ( CNC). MOHAVE CO. No specific locality, 24–31 Aug. (1Ψ), Barnes Coll.; Colorado River, Grand Canyon, mi 198.0 R, new high water, 9 Sep. 2001 (2ɗ), J. Rundall ( NAU); Wikieup, 3400 ft., 1 Oct. 1969 (2Ψ), D.F. Hardwick ( CNC). PIMA CO. Redington, (2Ψ), Barnes Coll. CALIFORNIA: LOS ANGELES CO. 2 mi n Pinyon Flats, Palms to Pines Hwy., 1 Sep. 1946 (2ɗ, 2Ψ), C.I. Smith ( UCB). RIVERSIDE CO. Palm Springs Sta., 9 Oct. 1955 (1Ψ), J.W. McSwain ( UCB); Pinyon Crest, 22 Aug. 1987, R. Leuschner ( AMNH). SAN BERNARDINO CO. Ivanpah Mountains, 21 Sep. 1940 (1ɗ), C. Henne; Providence Mts. 3 Oct. 1937 (1ɗ), D. Meadows; New York Mountains, 4400 ft., 24 Sep. 1990 (2Ψ), D. & V. Hardwick ( CNC); Keystone Canyon, New York Mountains, 31 Aug. 1941 (1Ψ), C.I. Smith ( UCB); Mountain Pass Station, Ivanpah Mts., 22 Aug. 1946 (1ɗ), C.I. Smith ( UCB); nr. Sagamore Mine, New York Mountains, 3 Sep. 1945 (3Ψ), C.I. Smith ( UCB). SAN DIEGO CO. Boulder Oak Camp Ground, 9 Aug. 1991 (2ɗ), J. Powell ( UCB). COLORADO: ARAPAHOE CO. s of Manilla, Hwy. I–90 at Manilla Rd. @ 5486 ft., 21 Aug. 1999 (2Ψ), C. Harp (CEH), 23 Aug. 1999 (1Ψ), C. Harp (CEH). BACA CO. Picture Canyon, Comanche National Grassland, sw of Campo, 4290 ft., 25 Aug. 2002 (1Ψ), 25 Aug. 2004 (4m), M.G. Pogue and C.E. Harp; Picture Canyon, N of picnic area, sw of Campo, 4282 ft., 25 Aug. 2002 (1Ψ), M.G. Pogue and C.E. Harp; Picture Canyon at parking area, Comanche National Grassland, sw of Campo, 4225 ft., 29 Aug. 2002 (1ɗ, 5Ψ), C. Harp (CEH); s end Springfield, Hwy. 385/287, 4409 ft., 26 Aug. 2002 (2Ψ), M.G. Pogue and C.E. Harp, 28 Aug. 2002 (3Ψ), 30 Aug. 2002 (2Ψ), C. Harp (CEH), 28 Aug. 2003 (1ɗ, 2Ψ), C. Harp (CEH). DENVER CO. Denver, 24–30 Aug. (1Ψ), Barnes Coll. FREMONT CO. Penrose, gas station, 1 mi n of Hwy. #50 off Hwy. 115, 5293 ft., 7 Aug. 2002 (2Ψ), 16 Aug. 2002 (1Ψ), 17 Aug. 2002 (5Ψ), 24 Aug. 2002 (1Ψ), C. Harp (CEH). LARIMER CO. Ft. Collins, 6 Aug. 1931 (1ɗ), ( CSU), 11 Aug. 1895 ( AMNH), 13 Aug. 1895 ( AMNH). LINCOLN CO. Limon, gas station, s of Hwy. I­70 @ exit #359, 5356 ft., 19 Aug. 1998 (3Ψ), C. Harp (CEH). MESA CO. Colorado National Monument, east entrance, 4980 ft., 9 Aug. 1996 (1ɗ), B. Rodgers family ( CSU); Colorado National Monument, mouth of Red Canyon, 23–24 July 1999 (5ɗ), J. Moore ( CSU); Colorado National Monument, headquarters, nr. west entrance, 5800 ft., 17 Aug. 1996 (1Ψ), B. Rodgers family (CEH). OTERO CO. Comanche National Grassland, 15 mi S La Junta, 27 Aug. 2000 (1Ψ), 29 Aug. 2000 (1ɗ, 1Ψ), D.J. Wright (DJW); Vogel Canyon picnic area, 4340 ft., 18 Aug. 1997 (1ɗ), D.J. Wright (DJW). PUEBLO CO. Pueblo West, off Hwy. #50 at McCullough Blvd. @ 4968 ft., 25 Aug. 2001 (3Ψ), C. Harp (CEH). WELD CO. BLT, Nunn, 21 Aug. 1978 (3ɗ), J. Capinera ( CSU); 0.8 mi N I­76 on E side of Co. Rd. 91, 4700 ft., 7 Aug. 1996 (1Ψ), D.J. Wright (DJW). KANSAS: ELLIS CO. Hays, Ft. Hays State University campus, 21 Aug. 1988 (1Ψ), 31 Aug. 1988 (1ɗ), 11 Sep. 1988 (1Ψ), 20–21 Aug. 1989 (2Ψ), C.A. Ely (CAE); 1 Sep. 1994 (1Ψ), 20 Aug. 1994 (1Ψ), P. Foster (CAE). FINNEY CO., 13 mi se Garden City, 2800 ft., 25 Aug. 1975 (1ɗ), Lafontaine & Bowen ( CNC). LOGAN CO. 17 mi s Monterrey, 2600 ft. 26 Aug. 1975 (1ɗ), Lafontaine & Bowen ( CNC). MORTON CO. 5 mi n, 2.5 mi w of Wilburton, 1 Sep. 1989 (1Ψ), C.A. Ely (CAE). PHILLIPS CO. 5 mi e, 1 mi s of Glade, 25 Aug. 1990 (1Ψ), C.J. Ochs (CAE). SEWARD CO. 13 mi ne Liberal, 2700 ft. 26 Aug. 1975 (1Ψ), Lafontaine & Bowen ( CNC). THOMAS CO. Colby, 12 Aug. 1988 (1Ψ), V. Wranosky (CAE). NEW MEXICO: No specific locality So., 23–30 Aug. (1Ψ), 1–10 Sep. (1Ψ), O.C. Poling. BERNALILLO CO. Cedar Crest, e slope of Sandia Mtns. @ 7500 ft., 3 Aug. 1976, R. Holland (RHA); [no specific locality] ( LACM]. CHAVES CO. Roswell, Aug. (1ɗ), Cockerell. COLFAX CO. 6 mi s of Maxwell, Hwy. I­ 25 at mkr. #420 @ 6040 ft., 8 Aug. 2002 (9Ψ), C. Harp (CEH), 12 Aug. 2002 (3Ψ), C. Harp (CEH). DONA ANA CO. Las Cruces, 9 Sep. 1958 (1ɗ), J.G. Watts ( NMSU), 12 Sep. 1994 (1Ψ), J.K. Adams (CEH). EDDY CO. White City, 17 Sep. 1963 (1Ψ), 17 Sep. 1968 (1Ψ) ( AMNH), A. and M.E. Blanchard, 9 Sep. 1966 (1ɗ), Roshore. GUADALUPE CO. Hwy. eastbound rest area, I­40 at mkr. #252, 21 mi w of Santa Rosa, 5550 ft., 22 Sep. 2004, Pogue & Harp (6ɗ, 4Ψ), (6ɗ, 4Ψ) (CEH); Shell gas station, I­40 at Colonias exit, 23 Aug. 2004 (2ɗ), M.G. Pogue & C.E. Harp. HIDALGO CO. Lordsburg, ( LACM). LIN­ COLN CO. Blackwater Cyn., e slope of Capitan Mtns., 1 mi e of Hwy. #368 @ 5500 ft., 22 Aug. 1982, R. Holland (RHA). LUNA CO. Deming, (1ɗ) genitalia slide USNM 46939, Coll. Brooklyn Mus., 1– 7 Sep. (4ɗ, 13Ψ), ɗ genitalia slide USNM 48028, Barnes Coll.; Wemble, 8 Sep. 1939 (1ɗ, 1Ψ), ( CNC). QUAY CO. San Jon, Hwy. #469 s of Hwy. I­40 @ 3989 ft., 12 Sep. 2003 (1Ψ), C. Harp (CEH). SANDOVAL CO. Jemez Springs, 12 Aug. (1ɗ), J. Woolgate ( CNC). SAN MIGUEL CO. 2 mi w Romeroville, 6360 ft., 14 Aug. 1990 (1ɗ), D. E. Bowman ( CSU). SOCCORRO CO. 8 mi [no direction] Florida, 28 Aug. 1967 (1Ψ), R.C. Bechtel ( UCD); [no specific locality] ( LACM). TORRANCE CO. Gran Quivera, 1 Aug. 1992 (1Ψ), 9 Aug. 1991 (1Ψ), D.E. Bowman ( CSU). UNION CO. Hwy. 402, mile marker 59, 4.4 mi s of Hwy 87, Clayton, 23 Aug. 2004 (1ɗ), M.G. Pogue; 5.3 mi nw of Hwy 87 on Hwy. 370, Clayton, 23 Aug. 2004 (2ɗ), M.G. Pogue. VALENCIA CO. Cubero, 18 Aug. 1948 (1ɗ) C. & P. Vaurie ( AMNH). NEVADA: CLARK CO. 10 mi S Mesquite, Virgin Mts., 4700 ft., 24 Aug. 24, 1963 (4m), R.C. Bechtel ( UCD); 38 mi nw of Las Vegas, Lee Canyon @ 6900 ft., 29 July 1966, F., P, & M. Rindge ( AMNH). OKLA­ HOMA: BEAVER CO. Lake Evans Chambers, 1 Sep. 1991 (2ɗ), John Nelson (ORU). BECKHAM CO. Sayre at blacklight, 3 Aug. 1993 (1ɗ), J.M. Nelson (ORU). CIMAR­ RON CO., Black Mesa State Park, s end of Lake Carl Etling, 4296 ft., 29 Aug. 2002 (1Ψ), C. Harp (CEH), Black Mesa State Park at blacklight, 4 Sep. 1992 (2Ψ), J.M. Nelson (ORU), Black Mesa State Park, east end of primitive area, 24 Aug. 2004 (1Ψ), M.G. Pogue. HARMON CO. Hall Lake at blacklight, 4 Sep. 1993 (1ɗ), J.M. Nelson (ORU). HARPER CO. Buffalo­Doby Springs at blacklight, 6 Sep. 1993 (2Ψ), J.M. Nelson (ORU). TEXAS CO. Lake Optima at blacklight, 5 Sep. 1992 (1ɗ, 2Ψ), J.M. Nelson (ORU). TEXAS: BRAZOS CO. Bryan, 3 Sep. 1996, C.W. Bordelon ( CWB). BREWSTER CO. Alpine, Davis Mountains, 1 Sep. 1960 (4ɗ, 2Ψ), ɗ genitalia slide USNM 47112, 2 Sep. 1960 (7ɗ, 2Ψ), ɗ genitalia slide USNM 48029, R.R. McElvare; Alpine, 9 Sep. 1963 (1Ψ), genitalia slide USNM 47111, 11 Sep. 1963 (1ɗ), A. & M.E. Blanchard; Big Bend National Park, Chisos Basin, 20 Aug. 1995, C.W. Bordelon ( CWB). BRISCOE CO. Caprock Cyn. State Park, 3 Sep. 1996, C.W. Bordelon ( CWB). BROWN CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). CAMERON CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). CHILDRESS CO. 10 mi n of Childress, 31 Aug. 1996, C.W. Bordelon ( CWB). COTTLE CO. 8 mi nw Paducah, 1800 ft., 23 Sep. 1968 (1Ψ), D.F. Hardwick ( CNC). CULBERSON CO. Guadalupe Mts. National Park, Williams Ranch, 7 Sep. 1991 (1Ψ), E.C. Knudson (ECK); Sierra Diablo WMA, 1 Sep. 1970, A. & M.E. Blanchard ( AMNH). EL PASO CO. E. Montana Hwy., 20–24 Sep. 1995 (2ɗ), E.C. Knudson (ECK), (1Ψ) E.C. Knudson (CEH); Hueco Tanks State Park, 16– 18 [no month] 1993 (1Ψ), E. Knudson (ECK). HUDSPETH CO. Sierra Blanca, J.K. Adams (JKA). JEFF DAVIS CO. Limpia Canyon, Davis Mountains, 4920 ft., 8 Aug. 1991 (1ɗ), E.H. Metzler (EHM). JIM HOGG CO. Hebbronville, 15 Nov. 1998, E.C. Knudson (ECK). KERR CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). RANDALL CO. Palo Duro Cyn. State Park, 31 Aug. 1996, C.W. Bordelon ( CWB). REEVES CO. Pecos, 21 Sep. 1952 (1ɗ), R. Leuschner ( UCD) ( LACM). STARR CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). SUTTON CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). TARRANT CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). UVALDE CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). VAL VERDE CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). WASHINGTON CO. [no specific locality] (TLA). UTAH: GARFIELD CO. Starr Springs, 36 mi s Hanksville, 6300 ft., 27 Aug. 1971 (1Ψ), D.F. Hardwick ( CNC). GRAND CO. 13 mi W Moab, 6200 ft., 26 Aug. 1971 (1ɗ, 1Ψ), D.F. Hardwick ( CNC). JUAB CO. Eureka, ( LACM). TOOELE CO. Stockton, 20 Aug. 1903 (1ɗ), 21 Aug. 1903 (1ɗ), T. Spalding ( USNM), 22–23 July, T. Spalding ( AMNH). UTAH CO. Dividend, ( LACM). WASHINGTON CO. Springdale, 11–13 Sep. 1996 (1ɗ, 7Ψ), J. Powell ( UCB); Beaver Dam Mtns., 23 Aug. 1986, P. Savage ( AMNH); [no specific locality] ( LACM).

Discussion. The amount of black scales in the forewing median band gives some specimens a darker band. As specimens wear the forewing fascia become lighter in color. The valve shape varies in the male genitalia from being quite elongate to moderately broad.

Figures

FIGURES 12 – 15. Adults. 12, Schinia ciliata, female, Colorado, Baca Co., Picture Canyon, N of Picnic Area, sw of Campo, 4282 ft., USNMENT 00144376; 13, S. ciliata, male, Texas, Brewster Co., Alpine, Davis Mountains, USNMENT 00220233; 14, S. rufocostulata, male, Texas, Brewster Co., Dugout Wells, Big Bend National Park, USNMENT 00220618; 15, S. rufocostulata, male, Texas, Brewster Co., Dugout Wells, Big Bend National Park, USNMENT 0 0 220617.

FIGURES 16 – 20. Heads. 16, Schinia chrysellus; 17, S. chryselloides; 18, S. alencis; 19, S. ciliata; 20, S. rufocostulata.

FIGURES 21 – 25. Foretibia showing form and arrangement of claws. 21, Schinia chrysellus; 22, S. chryselloides; 23, S. alencis; 24, S. ciliata; 25, S. rufocostulata.

FIGURES 32 – 35. Male genitalia and aedoeagus. 32, Schinia ciliata; 33, S. ciliata, aedoeagus; 34, S. rufocostulata; 35, S. rufocostulata, aedoeagus.

FIGURES 42 – 45. Female genitalia and papillae analis. 42, Schinia ciliata; 43, S. ciliata, papillae analis; 44, S. rufocostulata; 45, S. rufocostulata, papillae analis.

FIGURE 48 – 49. 48, Collecting localities for Schinia alencis, shaded area is distribution of suspected host plant, Heterotheca canescens (Asteraceae); 49, Collecting localities for Schinia ciliata (closed circles), shaded area is distribution of host plant, Gutierrezia sarothrae (Asteraceae); S. rufocostulata (triangle).