Etmopteridae

Biscoito, Manuel, Ribeiro, Cláudia & Freitas, Mafalda, 2018, Annotated checklist of the fishes of the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic): I-Chondrichthyes, Zootaxa 4429 (3), pp. 459-494 : 473

Family Etmopteridae

* Etmopterus princeps Collett, 1904 —Lixinha-da-fundura; Great lanternshark

Freitas & Biscoito 2007: 4 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 14.

Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores ( Saldanha & Biscoito 1997 [reported as new record to Azores]; Santos et al. 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands ( Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández & Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde ( Menezes et al. 2004; Reiner 2005).

Remarks. seven formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections (first dated from 1984 and the last one from 2004).

* ▲ Etmopterus pusillus ( Lowe, 1839) —Xarinha-preta; Smooth lanternshark

Lowe 1834: 144 (as Centrina nigra . Specific name preoccupied)

Lowe 1839: 91 (as Acanthidium pusillum )

Günther 1870: 425 | Collet 1890: 219 | Noronha & Sarmento 1934: 112 and 144 (as Spinax pusillus )

Noronha & Sarmento 1934: 139 | Nobre 1935: 459 | Fowler 1936: 81 | Noronha & Sarmento 1948: 108 | Maul 1948: 139 | Nunes 1953: 148 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 119 | Krefft & Tortonese 1973: 43 | McEachran & Branstetter 1984: 140| Compagno 1984a: 82–83 | Sanches 1986: 87 | Lloris et al. 1991: 22 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 13.

Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira, Azores ( Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Saldanha & Biscoito 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010), Canary Islands ( Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández & Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde ( Menezes et al. 2004; Reiner 2005).

Remarks. Madeira is the type locality (Syntype: BMNH 1855.11.19.27). Several preserved specimens: USNM 94519 and sixteen records including stomach contents and formalin preserved specimens in MMF collections. Maul (1948) refers as rare, occurring offshore. This is a common species caught as by catch in the black scabbard fish fishery. Maul’s statement can only be justified due to the usual discard of the caught specimens on board, since there is no commercial use of this species.

* Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus 1758) —Lixinha-da-fundura; Velvet belly

Noronha & Sarmento 1934: 114 (as Spinax spinax )

Nobre 1935: 457 | Fowler 1936: 80 | Noronha & Sarmento 1948: 111 | Maul 1948: 139 | Nunes 1953: 157 | Albuquerque 1954 –56: 118 | Krefft & Tortonese 1973: 42 | McEachran & Branstetter 1984: 141 | Sanches 1986: 86 | Carneiro et al. 2014: 14.

Distribution in Macaronesia. Madeira archipelago, Azores ( Santos et al. 1997; Arruda 1997; Porteiro et al. 2010; Carneiro et al. 2014), Canary Islands ( Brito et al. 2002; Brito Hernández & Sancho Rafel 2003) and Cape Verde ( Reiner 1996, 2005; Hanel & John 2014 as questionable).

Remarks. Three specimens in MMF collection (MMF 47153, 47155 & 47163), caught at Unicorn Seamount. Maul (1948) refers this species as rare, occurring offshore.