Thraulodes quevedoensis Flowers 2009

Kluge, Nikita J., 2020, Systematic position of Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) and descriptions of new and little-known species, Zootaxa 4756 (1), pp. 1-142 : 68-73

8. Thraulodes quevedoensis Flowers 2009

( Figs 250–275 )

Thraulodes ? sp. 5: Roback 1955: 146, figs 199–2008 (larva).

Thraulodes sp. «allied to T. schlingeri »: Traver & Edmunds 1967: 385 , fig. 59 (♂ and ♀ imago, eggs).

Thraulodes quevedoensis Flowers 2009: 56 , figs 1–18 (♂ and ♀ imago, larva).

Material examined. PERU, Region Huanuco, Tingo Maria: Rio Cantaria , Puente Perez (9°21’S, 75°58’W), 20.I.2006, coll. N. Kluge: 1 L-S/I ♂, 1 L-S-I ♀; Tingo Maria (9°30’S, 76°00’W), 25.II.2006, coll. N. Kluge: 6 I ♂.

Descriptions. Larva. CUTICULAR COLORATION ( Figs 250–255 ). Dorsal side of head, thorax and abdomen mostly brown with few blanks: pronotum bordered by light laterally, with or without other blanks; fore protoptera with longitudinal veins either invisible, or slightly darker than background; abdominal terga with blanks on lateral parts, area mediad of tergalii attachments nearly unicolor brown. Femora mostly brown with blanks; tibiae and tarsi uniformly light brown.

HYPODERMAL COLORATION. Unknown; probably, abdominal terga with paired blackish spots corresponding to midway gray spots of imago (as in Fig. 227 ). Tergalii brownish or colorless, tracheae black ( Fig. 255 ).

SHAPE AND SETATION. Clypeus widened distally; labrum 1.15 times wider than clypeus ( Fig. 251 ). Labrum widest at 0.4 length from base; initial fore margin (turned ventrally) without median emargination, with all 5 denticles wide; anterior transverse setal row regular (as in Fig. 88 ), narrower than 3 denticles. Maxilla with 11 pectinate setae in apical-ventral row.

Femora: Stout setae on anterior surface widened distally and blunt ( Fig. 256 ). Irregular row of hairs near inner margin absent on fore and middle femora, represented by few setae on hind femur.

Fore tibia ( Fig. 257 ): outer hairs form two irregular rows; inner-anterior row of recurved hairs absent; inneranterior row of stout setae represented by few (1–2) blunt stout setae near tibia base; inner field of stout pointed setae moderately dense (setae lengths subequal to distances between them), its setae subequal in lengths, forming 2 rows, setae of both rows smooth.

Hind tibia ( Figs 258–259 ), each of three rows of stout setae—outer-anterior, outer-posterior and inner-anterior ones—consists of blunt stout setae of various lengths; hairs located between outer-anterior and outer-posterior rows, form one irregular row (besides row of hairs posteriad of outer-posterior row of stout setae).

Claws of fore and middle legs with rigid portion bearing 7–6 larger denticles and 3 smaller denticles distad of them ( Fig. 273 ); claw of hind leg with rigid portion bearing 8–9 denticles progressively larger distally; on all claws articulatory portion without denticles.

Tergalii ( Fig. 255 ): each lamella slender, tracheae without side branches.

Male genitalia in last larval instar ( Fig. 271 ): protogonostyli separated one from another by moderately deep emargination. Each protopenes lobe conic, without gonopore-bearing process; gonopore opened caudally.

Subimago. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Cuticle mostly colorless. Mesonotum with antelateroparapsidal suture contrastingly colored with dark brown; chromozones and other areas nearly completely colorless ( Fig. 262 ). On all legs tibia and tarsus tinges with light brownish. Cuticle of wings colorless, microtrichia light brownish. Other cuticle of body and legs colorless.

TEXTURE. On tarsi of all legs, 1st tarsomere with microtrichia (as tibia), 2nd–5th tarsomeres coved by blunt microlepides; pointed microlepides present near apical margins of 2nd–4th tarsomeres of middle and hind legs (as in Fig. 473 ).

Male imago ( Figs 260–272 ). Head brown. Antenna reddish, scapus apically darker. Dorsal eyes contiguous medially, dull orange.

Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum brownish orange. Lateral and ventral sides of prothorax uniformly ocher. Lateral sides of pterothorax brownish orange with ocher. Ventral side of pterothorax partly ocher; mesotho- racic episterna, anterior part of basisternum and furcasternal protuberances brown; median furcasternal impression lighter brown.

Cuticle of legs mostly colorless; on fore leg apex of femur, base of tibia, apex of tibia and 1st tarsal segment with cuticle orange. Legs with following hypodermal pigmentation on whitish-ocher background: Fore femur with or without diffusive reddish marking on anterior side of proximal half, with orange apical band, occupying distal 0.4 of femur, darker brown apically. Middle and hind femora with orange pre-apical band within apical 1/3 of femur.

Fore and hind wings with dark reddish-brown macula on costal brace and bases of Sc and R; longitudinal and cross veins colorless. Costal cross veins proximad of bulla either absent, of few, colorless and very thin, so that visible only under high magnification (as in Fig. 142 ). Pterostigmatic cross veins not dense, perpendicular to longitudinal veins or slightly oblique, non-branched ( Fig. 266 ). Hind wing with prominent costal projection ( Fig. 272 ).

Abdominal hypodermal coloration: Tergum I brownish. Terga II–V ocher, translucent, tinged with orange medi- ally and on posterior margins; terga VI–VII orange; tergum VIII anteriorly-medially orange and posteriorly-laterally whitish; terga XI–X orange; some terga with a pair of small, indistinct midway spots; pleura with gray stigmatic spots. Abdominal sterna I–VI ocher, sterna VII–IX ocher with orange. Caudalii ocher, in proximal part with reddishbrown spot on each 2nd joining, in middle part with reddish-browns spot on each 4th joining, in distal half without spots.

Genitalia ( Figs 260–261 , 267–270 ): Styliger, gonostyli and penis ocher. Dorsal margin of styliger either roundish, without median extension ( Fig. 269 ), or with poorly expressed extension ( Fig. 268 ). Penis lobes narrowed and divergent apically, without lateral pouches; apices roundish, with ears not separated by emarginations. Telopenes in form of spear-like rolls, attached on dorsal side and directed medially-dorsally, curved, with groove opened dorsally-laterally.

Female imago. Abdominal terga II–V brownish with ocher; in other respects coloration similar to that of male.

Eggs ( Figs 274–275 ). Mostly barrel-shaped. Each KTC surrounded by ring-like cover. Protuberances densely located close to these rings; other chorion rugose, without protuberances.

Dimension. Fore wing length (and approximate body length) 5–6 mm.

Distribution. Ecuador ( Flowers 2009) and Peru ( Traver & Edmunds 1967; this study).

Comparison. Traver & Edmunds (1967) reported that this species «bears strong resemblance to T. schlingeri in respect to form of eyes, once-banded femora, and tergum 6 similar in color to 7–10; faint midway spots, very tiny stigmatic dots». Th. quevedoensis well differs both from the sympatric species Th. schlingeri and the related Central American species Th. marreroi by penis structure, whose telopenes are not bent ventrally, but retain a dorsal position ( Fig. 267 ). Traver & Edmunds (1967) correctly stated that «ova appear as in T. schlingeri » (compare Figs 274–275 and 207 ).

Figures

FIGURE 207. Thraulodes schlingeri, eggs.

FIGURES 250–259. Thraulodes quevedoensis. 250–255, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 250–251, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 252, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 253–254, fore and hind legs; 255, abdominal terga; 256, anterior side of hind femur; 257, anterior side of fore tibia; 258, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 259, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae.

FIGURES 260–266. Thraulodes quevedoensis. 260–261, genitalia of male imago with focus on penis and on styliger; 262, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 263–264, male imago in ventral and lateral view; 265, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 266, apex of fore wing.

FIGURES 267–273. Thraulodes quevedoensis. 267, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 268, styliger and penis in ventral view; 269, genitalia of another specimen in ventral view; 270, the same, apex of penis in dorsal view; 271, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 272, hind wing; 273, larval claw of middle leg.

FIGURES 274–275. Thraulodes quevedoensis, eggs.

FIGURES 208–231. Thraulodes marreroi. 208, margin of labrum with focus on posterior transverse setal row; 209, the same with focus on anterior transverse setal row (represented by field of irregularly situated setae) (arrows show four sensilla separating three denticles). 210–215 and 216–219, larval exuviae of two different specimens at the same magnification; 220–226, tergalii I–VII; 227, immature larva (with ocher and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings on abdomen); 228, anterior side of hind femur; 229, anterior side of fore tibia; 230, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 231, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae.

FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae.

FIGURES 464–473. Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. (holotype). 464, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 465, 466, male imago; 467–469, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 470, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg; 471, genitalia of male imago; 472, apex of penis; 473, subimaginal exuviae of tarsus.

FIGURES 133–142. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 133, pterostigma; 134–136, male imago in lateral in ventral and dorsal view; 137–138, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 139, female imago; 140–141, genitalia in lateral and ventral view; 142, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins) (133, 134, 136, 137, 141, 142, holotype).