Coenagrionoidea

Bybee, Seth M., Kalkman, Vincent J., Erickson, Robert J., Frandsen, Paul B., Breinholt, Jesse W., Suvorov, Anton, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Cordero-Rivera, Adolfo, Skevington, Jeffrey H., Abbott, John C., Herrera, Melissa Sanchez, Lemmon, Alan R., Lemmon, Emily Moriarty & Ware, Jessica L., 2021, Phylogeny and classification of Odonata using targeted genomics, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 160, pp. 107115-107115 : 9

4.1.6. Coenagrionoidea

(BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = -0.33/0.062/0.99)

This superfamily contains three families all of which are comparatively well sampled and recovered as well supported monophyletic groups. Isostictidae has previously been recovered as either sister to Coenagrionidae and Platycnemididae combined, or as sister to members of the ‘Calopterygoidea’, but never with high support ( Bybee et al., 2008; Dijkstra et al., 2014; Dumont et al., 2010). Our data recover a monophyletic Isostictidae (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 1/NA/1) as sister to the remaining Coenagrionoidea ( Coenagrionidae and Platycnemididae ) with high confidence among traditional measures of nodal support for the first time (BS = 100, PP = 1). However, the QS values reveal that there is counter support at this node (-0.33/0.062/0.99) and the possibility of incomplete lineage sorting (QD score close to 0.7; Pease et al., 2018), which could be resolved by additional taxon sampling and/or molecular data. The families of Coenagrionidae (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 0.56/0.77/0.98) and Platycnemididae (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 0.92/0/ 1) are both well supported as monophyletic, although only a fraction of taxa from both families were sampled. When combined, these two families represent one of the most diverse lineages among Odonata and include many outstanding questions of evolution and diversification in response to both ecological and sexual selection.

Our results again support the conclusion of Pessacq (2008) that the Old World genera once placed in Protoneuridae are not closely related to the New World representatives. The Old World taxa (in our hypothesis being represented by Elattoneura , Nososticta and Prodasineura ) form a perfectly supported monophyletic group firmly placed deep within Platycnemididae (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 0.43/0/0.97). The New World taxa (represented by Neoneura and Protoneura ) also form a monophyletic group (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 0.26/0/1) and are firmly established as members of the Coenagrionidae . Our phylogenetic hypothesis for Coenagrionidae and Platycnemididae is not in conflict with that of Dijkstra et al. (2014), but sampling is too limited to make additional remarks on subfamilies. The Coenagrionidae does fall into groups that follow the notion of ‘core’ (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 1/NA/1) and ‘ridge-faced’ (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 0.18/0/0.98) Coenagrionidae . This includes high support (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 0.86/0/0.98) that the American genus Argia (probably the largest genus in the world), is part of the ‘ridgefaced’ Coenagrionidae despite having a overall morphology nearer the ‘core’ group.