Halictidae, Thomson, 1869

Scarpulla, Eugene J., 2018, Four submarginal cells on a forewing of Melitoma taurea (Say) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), and a summary of known records of atypical and variable numbers of submarginal cells, Insecta Mundi 2018 (667), pp. 1-28 : 8-10

Family Halictidae

Augochlorella aurata (Smith)

[reported as genus Oxystoglossa confusa (Robertson) in Robertson (1902b); synonym per Ascher and Pickering 2017a]

Typically, 3 SM ( Mitchell 1960); one specimen with the 1st SMCV missing on one wing; a second with both the 1st SMCV and the 2nd SMCV missing on one wing ( Robertson 1902b).

Halictus (Hexataenites) sexcinctus (Fabricius)

Typically, 3 SM; illustration of a ♀ forewing with only 2 SM, missing the 1st SMCV; out of 44 ♀ s, two with 2 SM on both wings; out of 46 ♂ s, two with 2 SM on one wing ( Peters 1969).

Halictus (Seladonia) subauratus (Rossi) Typically , 3 SM; found with 2 SM ( Peters 1969). Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) bakeri Pauly

Unknown whether 2 SM or 3 SM is the norm; only two specimens: ♂ holotype with 2 SM on both wings without the 2nd SMCV; ♂ paratype with 3 SM on both wings ( Pauly 2001). Three SM is the norm in Ctenonomia and there are no known species with 2 SM (Pauly, pers. comm., 20 April 2017). Pauly thinks the holotype is simply aberrant.

Lasioglossum (Dialictus) anomalum (Robertson)

Typically, 2 SM ( Mitchell 1960, Gibbs 2010b).

Mitchell (1960) made the then genus Chloralictus Robertson a synonym of Dialictus Robertson since he felt that 2 SM versus 3 SM was an unreliable character to separate the two genera.

Seven specimens: six with 3 SM (2nd SMCV present) on one wing; one with 3 SM present on both wings ( Gibbs 2010a).

Lasioglossum (Dialictus) lionotum (Sandhouse)

[reported as Lasioglossum (Dialictus) asteris (Mitchell) in Gibbs (2010a, 2010b); junior synonym per Gibbs (2011)]

Polymorphic, 2nd SMCV either present or absent, hence either 2 SM or 3 SM ( Gibbs 2010a). Often, 2nd SMCV incomplete or absent ( Gibbs 2010b).

Lasioglossum (Dialictus) occidentale (Crawford)

Typically, 2 SM ( Gibbs 2010b). One ♂ specimen: one wing with 3 SM, one wing with 2 SM ( Sandhouse 1923).

Lasioglossum (Dialictus) parvum (Cresson)

Specimens commonly lack the 2nd SMCV; all the ♂ specimens and 75% of the ♀ specimens with 2 SM, some showing stubs of the 2nd SMCV; in many examples, 2 SM found on one wing and 3 SM on the other of the same specimen ( Baker 1906).

Polymorphic, 2nd SMCV either present or absent, hence either 2 SM or 3 SM ( Gibbs 2010a). Ratio: 2 SM on both wings, 2 SM and 3 SM (one on each wing), and 3 SM on both wings is approximately = 4:1:1 (Gibbs, pers. comm., 18 May 2017).

Lasioglossum (Dialictus) versatum (Robertson)

[reported as genus Chloralictus versatus Robertson in Robertson (1902b)]

Typically, with 3 SM ( Mitchell 1960); one specimen with the 2nd SMCV “wanting,” hence only 2 SM ( Robertson 1902b).

Lasioglossum (Dialictus Robertson) sp.

One West Indian species: either 2 SM or 3 SM; occasionally an individual specimen with 2 SM on one wing and 3 SM on the other ( Michener et al. 1994). [These are most likely Baker’s L. (D.) parvum mentioned above (Gibbs, pers. comm., 23 April 2017).]

Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) lucidulum (Schenck) Typically , 3 SM; found with 2 SM ( Peters 1969).

Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) lustrans (Cockerell)

Typically, 2 SM; one ♂ specimen with the 2nd SMCV present on both wings, hence 3 SM ( Gibbs 2010a).

A small proportion of specimens with the 2nd SMCV present on both wings ( Gibbs et al. 2013), particularly from more northern parts of the species range: Michigan (Dickinson Co.) and Wisconsin (Marinette Co.: Dunbar barrens; Monroe Co. ) .

Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) sisymbrii (Cockerell)

One ♂ collected by Sheffield on Mt. Kobau, South Okanagan Grasslands Protected Area, near Osoyoos ( Western Interior Basin Ecozone [= Southern Interior Ecoprovince ] of British Columbia) on 8 August 2014 ; a non-metallic Lasioglossum s. str. with 2 SM (missing 1st SMCV) on both wings, instead of the normal 3 SM ( Sheffield and Heron 2017) .

Lasioglossum (Sphecodogastra) calceatum (Scopoli) [reported as genus Evylaeus cylindricus (Fabricius) in Robertson (1902b)] Typically, 3 SM ( Mitchell 1960); one specimen from Pérez of Bordeaux with the 2nd SMCV “wanting,” hence only 2 SM ( Robertson 1902b).

Sphecodes antennariae Robertson

[Reported as genus Dialonia antennariae (Robertson) , gen. nov. for Sphecodes antennariae Robertson in Robertson (1903)]

Typically, 2 SM, i.e. lacking the 1st SMCV in five specimens ( Robertson 1903).

Sphecodes confertus Say

[Reported as genus Drepanium falciferum Robertson , gen. nov. for Sphecodes falcifer Patton in Robertson (1903)]

Typically, 3 SM; 1st SMCV missing in one specimen, hence only 2 SM ( Robertson 1903).

Sphecodes cressonii (Robertson)

[Reported as genus Sphecodium cressonii Robertson , gen. nov. and sp. nov. in Robertson (1903)] Typically, 3 SM; 1st SMCV missing in two specimens, hence only 2 SM ( Robertson 1903).

Sphecodes niger Hagens

Typically, 3 SM ( Peters 1969); a population of S. niger observed by Wolf in 1946–1949 in a Lasioglossum (Dialictus) morio (Fabricius) colony, about half of all ♂ Sphecodes had only 2 SM, while all ♀ s had normal venation (H. Wolf, pers. comm., in Peters 1969).

Sphecodes pimpinellae Robertson

Typically, with 2 SM or 3 SM; type specimen with 3 SM, but three others with 2 SM; the character considered to be unstable for the species ( Mitchell 1960).

Variable with 2 SM rather than 3 SM; Connecticut specimens, some with partial loss of SMCVs in one or both wings ( Zarrillo et al. 2016).

Sphecodes pimpinellae Robertson

[Reported as genus Sphecodium pimpinellae (Robertson) , gen. nov. for Sphecodes pimpinellae Robertson in Robertson (1903)]

Typically, 3 SM; 1st SMCV missing in three specimens; 1st SMCV missing in known ♂ specimens ( Robertson 1903).

Sphecodes stygius Robertson

[Reported as genus Machaeris stygia (Robertson) , gen. nov. for Sphecodes stygius Robertson in Robertson (1903)]

Typically, 3 SM; 1st SMCV missing in two specimens, hence only 2 SM ( Robertson 1903).

Temnosoma Smith spp.

Typically, 3 SM (except T. sphaerocephalum [Schrottky] that only has 2 SM); species other than T. sphaerocephalum occasionally with only 2 SM ( Michener 2007).