Pheidole

Eguchi, Katsuyuki, 2008, A revision of Northern Vietnamese species of the ant genus Pheidole (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), Zootaxa 1902 (1), pp. 1-118 : 8-11

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.1902.1.1
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687A9-FFD9-A423-FF67-6799FA50FDE6
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Pheidole
status

Treatment

Key to species of N. Vietnamese Pheidole View in CoL

The following key to species includes the above-mentioned species and also Pheidole indica Mayr which is widely distributed in East, Southeast and South Asia but has not yet been found in Northern Vietnam.

1a. Major & minor: apical 4 segments of antenna enlarged or just elongate. .............................................. 2

1b. Major & minor: apical 3 segments of antenna enlarged or just elongate. ............................................... 3

2a. Minor: petiole usually 0.85–1.0 times as long as postpetiole (excluding helcium) [ Fig. 9g View FIGURE 9 ]; hairs on promesonotal dome rather dense [ Fig. 9g View FIGURE 9 ]. .................................................................... gatesi (Wheeler) View in CoL

2b. Minor: petiole usually less than 0.85 times as long as postpetiole (excluding helcium) [ Fig. 24g View FIGURE 24 ]; hairs on promesontal dome rather sparse [ Fig. 24g View FIGURE 24 ]. ............................................................... smythiesii Forel View in CoL

3a. Major: hypostoma in the middle having an extremely developed median process, but nearly or completely lacking submedian processes; frontal carina well developed, partly overhanging antennal scrobe [ Fig. 26a View FIGURE 26 ]. ......................................................................................................................... tjibodana Forel

3b. Major: hypostoma in the middle lacking any process, or having 2 processes (submedian processes only) or 3 processes (both median and submedian processes), but never dominated by a single stout median process; condition of frontal carina variable. .......................................................................................... 4

4a. Minor: frons and vertex punctured strongly and densely, and often overlain by weak reticulation [ Figs. 1e View FIGURE 1 , 8e View FIGURE 8 , 31e View FIGURE 31 ]. .............................................................................................................................................. 5

4b. Minor: frons and vertex smooth or only weakly sculptured (rugose, rugoso-punctate or rugoso-reticulate), but neither punctured strongly nor densely [ Figs. 5e View FIGURE 5 , 6e, 6f View FIGURE 6 , 10e View FIGURE 10 , 15e View FIGURE 15 ]........................................ 10

5a. Minor: promesonotal dome with a conspicuous prominence or mound on its posterior slope [ Fig. 1g View FIGURE 1 ]. Major: dorsum of vertexal lobe bearing a few standing hairs among very short appressed background hairs [ Fig. 1b View FIGURE 1 ]. ................................................................................................................ capellinii Emery View in CoL

5b. Minor: promesonotal dome at most with an inconspicuous mound on its posterior slope [ Figs. 8g View FIGURE 8 , 22g View FIGURE 22 ]. Major: dorsum of vertexal lobe bearing many standing or subdecumbent hairs [ Figs. 22b View FIGURE 22 , 31b View FIGURE 31 ]. ........ 6

6a. Major: frontal carina well developed, partly overhanging antennal scrobe [ Fig. 2a View FIGURE 2 ]. .............................. ................................................................................................................................... colpigaleata Eguchi

6b. Major: frontal carina absent or inconspicuous (present just as rugulae) [ Figs. 8a View FIGURE 8 , 18a View FIGURE 18 , 22a View FIGURE 22 ]. ............... 7

7a. Minor: promesonotal spine reduced to a small dent [ Fig. 8g View FIGURE 8 ]. ..................................... foveolata Eguchi

7b. Minor: promesonotal spine moderately or well developed [ Figs. 18g View FIGURE 18 , 31g View FIGURE 31 ]. ........................................ 8

8a. Minor: lateral face of promesonotal dome largely smooth and shining [ Fig. 31g View FIGURE 31 ]; mediodorsal part of the dome dimly punctured, smooth with several rugulae [ Fig. 31f View FIGURE 31 ], or sometimes strongly rugoso-reticulate, but never punctured densely. ............................................................................... zoceana Santschi

8b. Minor: dorsal and lateral faces of promesonotal dome entirely and densely punctured (the punctation often overlain sparsely by weak rugulae) [ Fig. 18f, 18g View FIGURE 18 ]. ..................................................................... 9

9a. Minor: antennal scape exceeding posterior margin of head by less than the half length of antennal segment II [ Fig. 18e View FIGURE 18 ], or not exceeding the posterior margin; maximal diameter of eye longer than antennal segment X. ............................................................................................................................ parva Mayr View in CoL

9b. Minor: antennal scape exceeding posterior margin of head by the half length of antennal segment II or more [ Fig. 22e View FIGURE 22 ]; maximal diameter of eye as long as or shorter than antennal segment X. .. rabo Forel View in CoL

10a. Major: dorsum of vertexal lobe smooth and shining [ Figs. 6a View FIGURE 6 , 14a View FIGURE 14 , 15a View FIGURE 15 ], or at most shagreened or very weakly rugoso-punctate [ Fig. 28a View FIGURE 28 ]. ....................................................................................................... 11

10b. Major: dorsum of vertexal lobe strongly sculptured: rugose, rugoso-reticulate or reticulate [ Figs. 4a View FIGURE 4 , 7a View FIGURE 7 , 20a View FIGURE 20 , 27a View FIGURE 27 ], often with enclosures/interspaces densely punctured [ Fig. 22a View FIGURE 22 ]. ........................................ 15

11a. Major: hypostoma in the middle at most with a pair of very small submedian processes (median process absent). .......................................................................................................... P. megacephala (Fabricius) View in CoL

11b. Major: hypostoma in the middle with conspicuous submedian processes and usually (but not always) a median process. .................................................................................................................................... 12

12a. Major: body very large (HW>2.00 mm). .......................................................................... magna Eguchi

12b. Major: body small to medium (HW<2.00 mm). .................................................................................. 13

13a. Major: petiole at most a little longer than postpetiole (excluding helcium) [ Fig. 28d View FIGURE 28 ]; postpetiole relatively massive [ Fig. 28c View FIGURE 28 ]. .......................................................................................................... vieti sp.n.

13b. Major: petiole distinctly longer than postpetiole (excluding helcium) [ Fig. 6d View FIGURE 6 ]; postpetiole not massive [ Fig. 6c View FIGURE 6 ]. ............................................................................................................................................... 14

14a. Major: head relatively narrow (CI=91 or <91) [ Fig. 29a View FIGURE 29 ]; promesonotal dome at most with an inconspicuous mound on its posterior slope [ Fig. 29d View FIGURE 29 ]. ................................................ vulgaris Eguchi (part)

14b. Major: head relatively broad (CI>>91) [ Fig. 6a View FIGURE 6 ]; promesonotal dome usually (but not always) with a low prominence or mound on its posterior slope [ Fig. 6d View FIGURE 6 ]. ........................................... fervida F. Smith View in CoL

15a. Major: body very large (HW> 2.7 mm; FL> 2.1 mm). ...................................................... dugasi Forel View in CoL

15b. Major: body small to large (HW <2.3 mm; FL <1.8 mm). ................................................................ 16

16a. Major: petiole with a large lobate subpetiolar process [ Fig. 27d View FIGURE 27 ]. ...................................... tumida sp.n.

16b. Major: petiole without a large lobate subpetiolar process (but often with a longitudinal carina or ridge ventrally) [ Figs. 5d View FIGURE 5 , 11d View FIGURE 11 , 16d View FIGURE 16 , 30d View FIGURE 30 ]. ..................................................................................................... 17

17a. Major: postpetiole massive [ Figs. 13c View FIGURE 13 , 16c View FIGURE 16 ]; petiole usually as long as or shorter than postpetiole (excluding helcium) [ Figs. 13d View FIGURE 13 , 16d View FIGURE 16 ]. ................................................................................................... 18

17b. Major: postpetiole not massive [ Figs. 5c View FIGURE 5 , 11c View FIGURE 11 , 30c View FIGURE 30 ]; petiole longer than postpetiole (excluding helcium) [ Figs. 5d View FIGURE 5 , 11d View FIGURE 11 , 30d View FIGURE 30 ]. ............................................................................................................................. 21

18a. Major: frontal carina absent [ Fig. 7a View FIGURE 7 ]. ................................................................................. fortis Eguchi

18b. Major: frontal carina conspicuous [ Fig. 13a View FIGURE 13 ]. ...................................................................................... 19

19a. Major: dorsum of head bearing sparse standing setae which are much longer and distinctly thicker than background hairs (many short deccumbent-suberect hairs) [ Figs. 16b View FIGURE 16 ]. ........................... noda F. Smith View in CoL

19b. Major: dorsum of head bearing sparse long standing hairs which are mostly indistinguishable from shorter and thinner background hairs [ Figs. 23b View FIGURE 23 ]. ............................................................................... 20

20a. Minor: humeral area of promesonotal dome strongly rugose and often armed with a low humeral prominence [ Figs. 23f, 23g View FIGURE 23 ]. .................................................................................................. rugithorax sp.n.

20b. Minor: humeral area of promesonotal dome neither strongly rugose nor armed with a humeral prominence [ Figs. 13f, 13g View FIGURE 13 ]..................................................................................................... laevithorax sp.n.

21a. Major: hypostoma with conspicuous submedian processes, and usually (but not always) with a conspicous median process. ....................................................................................................................... 22

21b. Major: hypostoma at most with an inconspicuous median and inconspicuous submedian processes.. 30

22a. Minor: preoccipital carina conspicuous as a collar [ Figs. 4e View FIGURE 4 , 11e, 11f View FIGURE 11 , 17e View FIGURE 17 ]. Major: promesonotum in lateral view usually with a low to conspicuous prominence or mound on its posterior slope [ Figs. 4d View FIGURE 4 , 11d View FIGURE 11 , 17d View FIGURE 17 ]. ............................................................................................................................................... 23

22b. Minor: dorsal part of preoccipital carina at most weakly present or completely absent [ Figs. 10e View FIGURE 10 , 12e View FIGURE 12 , 19e View FIGURE 19 , 29e View FIGURE 29 ]. Major: promesonotum in lateral view at most with an inconspicuous prominence or mound on its posterior slope [ Figs. 10d View FIGURE 10 , 12d View FIGURE 12 , 19d View FIGURE 19 , 29d View FIGURE 29 ]. .................................................................................. 25

23a. Major: submedian processes of hypostoma well developed, much higher than median process (median process inconspicuous); vertexal lobes in full-face view relatively widely separated from each other [ Fig. 11a View FIGURE 11 ]. .................................................................................................... indosinensis Wheeler stat.n.

23b. Major: submedian processes of hypostoma moderately developed, at most a little higher than median process; vertexal lobes in full-face view relatively close to each other [ Fig. 4a View FIGURE 4 ]. ............................... 24

24a. Minor: the longest axis of eye having 8–9 ommatidia [ Fig. 4f View FIGURE 4 ]; head behind eyes in full-face view rather strongly produced posteriad [ Fig. 4e View FIGURE 4 ]. ............................................................ elongicephala sp.n. (part)

24b. Minor: the longest axis of eye having 6–7 ommatidia [ Fig. 17f View FIGURE 17 ]; head behind eyes in full-face view moderately produced posteriad [ Fig. 17e View FIGURE 17 ]. ............................................................. ochracea sp.n. (part)

25a. Major: head in lateral view rather strongly impressed on vertex [ Fig. 25b View FIGURE 25 ]; frontal carina rather conspicuous [ Fig. 25a View FIGURE 25 ]. .................................................................................................................................... 26

25b. Major: head in lateral view rather weakly or not impressed on vertex [ Fig. 12b View FIGURE 12 , 29b View FIGURE 29 ]; frontal carina inconspicuous or almost absent [ Fig. 12a View FIGURE 12 . 29a View FIGURE 29 ]. ................................................................................... 28

26a. Minor: propodeal spine reduced to a small dent [ Fig. 19g View FIGURE 19 ]. ..................................... pieli Santschi View in CoL (part)

26b. Minor: propodeal spine distinctly larger than a small dent [ Fig. 10g View FIGURE 10 , 25g View FIGURE 25 ]. ........................................ 27

27a. Minor: dorsum of head from frons to vertex sparsely sculptured with weak longitudinal rugulae; posteriormost part of vertex and dorsolateral face of head weakly sculptured by rugulae, rugoso-reticulation and/or rugoso-punctation [ Fig. 10e View FIGURE 10 ]. Major: longitudinal rugulae on frons rather strong [ Fig. 10a View FIGURE 10 ]. ...... ............................................................................................................................. hongkongensis Wheeler

27b. Minor: head entirely smooth [ Fig. 25e View FIGURE 25 ]. Major: longitudinal rugulae on frons rather weak [ Fig. 25a View FIGURE 25 ]. .. ...................................................................................................................................... taipoana Wheeler

28a. Minor: propodeal spine reduced to a small dent [ Fig. 19g View FIGURE 19 ]; preoccipital carina in posterodorsal view absent or evanescent dorsally; the posterior slope of the promesonotal dome rather steep [ Fig. 19g View FIGURE 19 ]. .... .................................................................................................................................... pieli Santschi View in CoL (part)

28b. Minor: propodeal spine distinctly larger than a small dent [ Fig. 12g View FIGURE 12 ]; preoccipital carina in posterodorsal view very weak but complete dorsally; the posterior slope of the promesonotal dome rather gentle [ Fig. 12g View FIGURE 12 ]. ............................................................................................................................................. 29

29a. Major: vertex and dorsum of vertexal lobe covered with a weak or interrupted rugose or rugoso-reticulate sculpture which runs obliquely towards posterolateral corner of the lobes [ Fig. 29a View FIGURE 29 ]. ..................... ................................................................................................................................ vulgaris Eguchi (part)

29b. Major: vertex and dorsum of vertexal lobe sculptured with reticulation which never runs obliquely toward posterolateral corner of the lobe [ Fig. 12a View FIGURE 12 ]. ..................................................... laevicolor Eguchi

30a. Major: first gastral tergite longitudinally rugose or densely rugoso-punctured over the entire surface, or excluding median portion of the posterior 1/3. .................................................................................... 31

30b. Major: first gastral tergite smooth entirely, or weakly sculptured only in its anterior half. ................ 32

31a. Major: frons densely sculptured with longitudinal rugulae [ Fig. 21a View FIGURE 21 ]; vertex in lateral view forming a gently sloping (and often weakly impressed) face toward vertexal lobe [ Fig. 21b View FIGURE 21 ].. planifrons Santschi View in CoL

31b. Major: frons sparsely sculptured with longitudinally rugulae [ Fig. 30a View FIGURE 30 ]; vertex in lateral view strongly impressed in front of vertexal lobe [ Fig. 30b View FIGURE 30 ]. .................................................................... yeensis Forel

32a. Major: vertexal lobes in full-face view narrowly separated from each other [ Fig. 4a View FIGURE 4 ]. ...................... 33

32b. Major: vertexal lobes in full-face view widely separated from each other [ Figs. 5a View FIGURE 5 , 20a View FIGURE 20 ]. ................ 34

33a. Minor: the longest axis of eye having 8–9 ommatidia [ Fig. 4f View FIGURE 4 ]; head behind eyes in full-face view rather strongly produced posteriad [ Fig. 4e View FIGURE 4 ]. ............................................................ elongicephala sp.n. (part)

33b. Minor: the longest axis of eye having 6–7 ommatidia [ Fig. 17f View FIGURE 17 ]; head behind eyes in full-face view moderately produced posteriad [ Fig. 17e View FIGURE 17 ]. ............................................................. ochracea sp.n. (part)

34a. Major: propodeal spine narrowly based and slightly curved apically [ Fig. 5d View FIGURE 5 ]. ................................. 35

34b. Major: propodeal spine broadly based and not curved apically. .......................................................... 36

35a. Major: posterior margin of head in full-face view shallowly concave [ Fig. 5a View FIGURE 5 ]. Minor: median part of clypeus smooth, without median longitudinal carina [ Fig. 5e View FIGURE 5 ]. ..................................... fervens F. Smith View in CoL

35b. Major: posterior margin of head in full-face view deeply concave [ Fig. 20a View FIGURE 20 ]. Minor: median part of clypeus a zigzag or ramified (but rarely straight) median carina which is usually accompanied with weak rugulae [ Fig. 20e View FIGURE 20 ]. .................................................................................... plagiaria F. Smith View in CoL (part)

36a. Major: outer surface of foretibia bearing relatively long decumbent-suberect hairs. ............................... ............................................................................................................................ plagiaria F. Smith View in CoL (part)

36b. Major: outer surface of foretibia bearing short decumbent-appressed hairs. ........................ indica Mayr View in CoL