PHRONIMOIDEA Bowman & Gruner, 1973

Zeidler, Wolfgang, 2004, A review of the families and genera of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Phronimoidea Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), Zootaxa 567, pp. 1-66 : 8-9

Superfamily PHRONIMOIDEA Bowman & Gruner, 1973

Diagnosis

Antennae 1 inserted on anterior surface of head; flagellum of males long and filiform, composed of enlarged first article (callynophore), usually with dense brush of aesthestascs medially, and a series of shorter distal articles; flagellum of females one­articulate. Antennae 2 also inserted on anterior surface of head; reduced to few articles, rudimentary or absent in females; in males flagellum is long, multi­articulate, similar to A1 (rudimentary in male Phronima sedentaria ). Pereopod 5 sometimes with large subchela. Developing eggs and young held in brood pouch underneath pereon, made up of oostegites on pereonites 2–5.

Seven families: Phronimidae , Phrosinidae , Hyperiidae , Dairellidae , Lestrigonidae fam. nov., Bougisidae fam. nov. and Iulopididae fam. nov.

Key to the families of the superfamily PHRONIMOIDEA

1. Pereopod 5 distinctly subchelate .................................................................................. 2

­ Pereopod 5 simple or, at most, prehensile..................................................................... 3

2. Uropods 1–3 with lanceolate exopods and endopods (although U3 sometimes reduced). Head subconical .................................................................. PHRONIMIDAE

­ Uropods 1–3 composed of simple foliaceous article. Head globular... PHROSINIDAE

3. Gnathopod 2 simple ............................................................................. DAIRELLIDAE

­ Gnathopod 2 distinctly chelate or subchelate................................................................ 4

4. Coxae fused with pereonites .......................................... LESTRIGONIDAE fam. nov.

­ Coxae free from pereonites ........................................................................................... 5

5. Pereonites 1–2 fused. Eyes small ........................................... BOUGISIDAE fam. nov.

­ Pereonites all separate. Eyes large, occupying most of head surface............................ 6

6. Pereonites 2–7 raised in tyre­like folds. Body and appendages finely hirsute. Antennae 2 of female 3­articulate or reduced to knob on cuticle. Mandible without palp in both sexes or present only in males .............................................. IULOPIDIDAE fam. nov.

­ Pereonites not raised. Body and appendages not especially hirsute. Antennae 2 of female 4­articulate. Mandible with palp in both sexes ........................... HYPERIIDAE