Haplothrips Amyot and Serville

Cavalleri, Adriano, Lindner, Mariana F. & Mendonça Jr, Milton de S., 2016, New Neotropical Haplothripini (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) with a key to Central and South American genera, Journal of Natural History 50, pp. 1389-1410 : 1402-1403

Haplothrips Amyot and Serville

Type species: Phloeothrips albipennis Burmeister

This is the third largest genus within Thysanoptera , comprising more than 250 species worldwide (ThripsWiki 2015). Two subgenera are informally recognised: Haplothrips , in which species bear duplicated cilia on the fore wing; and Trybomiella , which lack such setae ( Mound and Zapater 2003). This genus is related to Karnyothrips , but antennal segment IV bears four sense cones and the fore tarsi lack the typical forwardly directed curved tooth found in Karnyothrips . Apparently all males lack sternal pore plates, except one species described below which bears a small pore plate on sternite VIII. Most Haplothrips species breed in flowers, including Poaceae florets, although a few species are predatory on other arthropods ( Mound and Minaei 2007). This genus is particularly diverse in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere, and nine species are now reported from Central and South America ( Table 1). A key to these species is provided below and comments on these taxa can be found in Mound and Marullo (1996).

Key to Haplothrips species from Central and South America (adapted from Mound and Marullo 1996)

1. Fore wings without duplicated cilia............................................................................................. 2

− Fore wings with duplicated cilia ( Figure 3C )............................................................................ 5

2. Four pairs of major pronotal setae, with ml reduced to about the same size as discal setae ( Figure 3E ) ................................................................................................................................... 3

− All five pairs of pronotal major setae well developed ( Figure 3F ) ................................. 4

3. Maxillary stylets about 0.4 of head width apart...................................................... robustus

− Maxillary stylets about 0.6 of head width apart ( Figure 3E ).................................. fiebrigi

4. Postocular setae slightly longer than the dorsal length of compound eyes; tergite IX setae S1 weakly capitate.............................................. .............................................. heliotropica

− Postocular setae about 0.5 to 0.9 of dorsal length of compound eyes; tergite IX setae S1 acute.................................................................... .................................................................... trellesi

5. All five pairs of major pronotal setae well developed; S1 setae on abdominal tergite IX acute and slightly longer than tube.......................................................................... gowdeyi

− Pronotum with four or fewer pairs of major setae well developed; at least am setae reduced ( Figure 2C ); S1 setae on tergite IX blunt and shorter than tube ......... ........ 6

6. Pronotal setae am, aa and ml reduced to about the same size as discal setae; postocular setae usually not reaching posterior margin of compound eyes................. ............................................................................................................................................... leucanthemi

− Pronotal setae aa and ml well developed; postocular setae longer.............................. 7

7. Antennal segment III with two sense cones; postocular setae capitate at apex; males with a small circular pore plate on sternite VIII ( Figure 3D )........ dissociatus sp. nov.

− Antennal segment III with one sense cone; postocular setae acute; males without pore plate on sternite VIII................................................................................................................. 8

8. Maxillary stylets about one third of head width apart; maxillary bridge present......... ...................................................................................................................................................... graminis

− Maxillary stylets wider apart; maxillary bridge not visible..................... ..................... saidi

Figures

Figure 2. Haplothrips dissociatus. (A) Female body. (B) Body with red internal pigmentation. (C) Head and pronotum. (D) Antenna. (E) Mesonotum, metanotum and pelta.

Figure 3. Haplothrips species. (A–D) Haplothrips dissociatus. (E) Haplothrips fiebrigi. (F) Haplothrips trellesi. (A) Male head and fore femora. (B) Prosternum. (C) Fore wing. (D) Male sternites VIII–IX, VIII with a small pore plate (arrow). (E) Head and pronotum. (F) Head and pronotum.