Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) birkmanni (Crawford 1906)

Gibbs, Jason, Ascher, John S., Rightmyer, Molly G. & Isaacs, Rufus, 2017, The bees of Michigan (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with notes on distribution, taxonomy, pollination, and natural history, Zootaxa 4352 (1), pp. 1-160 : 88-89

Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) birkmanni (Crawford 1906)

County records: Allegan, Berrien, Cheboygan, Ingham, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Muskegon, Oceana, Shiawassee, Van Buren.

Notes. The application of this name has undergone a recent change ( Gibbs et al. 2013). Recent examination of the lectotype of Halictus quadrimaculatus Robertson 1890 (described as 4-maculatus; Robertson’s name was preoccupied by Hylaeus quadrimaculatus Schenck, 1853 [= Lasioglossum interruptum (Panzer, 1798) of Europe] so was replaced by Halictus macoupinensis Robertson 1895 ), designated by Cresson (1928), revealed that that name macoupinensis has been used incorrectly by most authors. The type series was composite, and records of L. macoupinense in earlier literature, including some of the type series, do not match the lectotype and are instead referable to L. birkmanni . The name L. macoupinense is still in use, but study of the lectotype shows it to be a senior synonym of the bee widely known (e.g., Mitchell 1960; Hurd 1979; Moure & Hurd 1987) as Evylaeus divergens (Lovell) (see below).

Observed nesting in the ground in Alabama (see Gibbs et al. 2013).