Prionomitus mitratus (Dalman, 1820)

Jerinić-Prodanović, Dušanka, Mihajlović, Ljubodrag & Stojanović, Aleksandar, 2019, Parasitoids of jumping plant-lice (Psylloidea, Hemiptera) from the family Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) in Serbia, Zootaxa 4577 (1), pp. 29-50 : 36-37

Prionomitus mitratus (Dalman, 1820)

( Figs. 22–24 )

Material examined. Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama) from Albizia julibrissin Durazz., Zemun, Kej , 04.viii.2015, ex pupa 1♀. Baeopelma foersteri (Flor) , from Alnus glutinosa (Linnaeus) , Bosiljkovac, 25.v.2007. ex pupa 30.v.2007. 1 ♂. Kusić, 16.v.2007. ex pupa 28.v.2007. 1♀ 3♂♂. Cacopsylla bidens (Šulc) , from Pyrus communis Linnaeus, Begeč , 09.vi.2008. ex pupa 16.vi.2008. 1♀, Bogatić, 20.vi.2006. ex pupa 30.vi.2006. 1♀. Fruška gora, Kurjakovac, 02.x.2008. ex pupa 06.x.2008. 4♀♀ 4 ♂♂, Ilinci, 22.vi.2008. ex pupa 26.vi.2008. 6♀♀ 1♂, 26.vi.2011. ex pupa 4♀♀, Voluja, 25.v.2007. ex pupa 07.vi.2007. 5♀♀ 1♂, Zemun-fakultet, 19.vi.2006. ex pupa 23.vii.2006. 7♀♀ 3♂♂, 21.vi.2006. ex pupa 22.vi.2006. 2♀♀ 6♂♂; 27.vi.2006. ex pupa 30.vi.2006. 12♀♀ 16♂♂, 11.vii.2006. ex pupa 13.vii.2006. 7♀♀, 13.vii.2006. ex pupa 17.vii.2006. 5♀♀ 7♂♂, 24.vii.2006. ex pupa 28.vii.2006. 3♀♀ 4♂♂; 21.vii.2007. ex pupa 22.vi.2007. 4♂♂ and ex pupa 25.vi.2007 1♀, 06.v.2009. ex pupa 1♀ 3♂♂, 02.vi.2009. ex pupa 11.vi.2009. 3♀♀ 4♂♂, 15.vi. 2009. ex pupa 1♂, 25.v.2009. ex pupa 3♀♀ 7♂♂, 22.vii.2010. ex pupa 26.vii.2009. 16♀♀ 10♂♂, 22.vi.2015 ex pupa 2♀♀ 11♂. Cacopsylla crataegi (Schrank) from Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Ilinci , 24.v.2008. ex pupa 30.v.2008. 1♀ 1♂. Cacopsylla melanoneura (Foerster) , from Malus domestica Mill., Donja Omašnica , 04.v.2008 ex pupa 1♀ 2♂♂; Ilinci, 03.v.2008. ex pupa 10.v.2008. 2♀♀; 02.v.2010. ex pupa 21.v.2010. 1♂. Cacopsylla melanoneura from Crataegus monogyna, Drenovac , 20.iv.2008. ex pupa 1♀ 1♂, Laćarak, 01.v.2009. ex pupa 1♀ 1♂, Rataje, 04.v.2008. ex pupa 1♀, Velika Drenova, 04.v.2008. ex pupa 1♀ 1♂, Ilinci, 04.v.2015. ex pupa 15.v.2015 2♀ 1♂; Cacopsylla melanoneura , from Crataegus oxyacantha cv. rubra plena Linnaeus Zemun-Nova Galenika, 10.v.2005. ex pupa 2♀♀ 30.v.2005., 22.iv.2008. ex pupa 1♂, 18.v.2008. ex pupa 23.v.2008. 2♂♂. Cacopsylla peregrina (Foerster) , from Crataegus monogyna, Ilinci , 15.v.2005. ex pupa 30.v.2005. 1♂; 21.v.2005. ex pupa 1♀ 1 ♂; 08.v.2005. ex pupa 21.v.2005. 2♀♀; 27.iv. 2008. ex pupa 14.v.2008. 2 ♀♀, Uzovnica, 29.iv.2007. ex pupa 16.v.2007. 1♂ 1♀, Vatin, 15.v.2006. ex pupa 1♂. Cacopsylla picta (Foerster) from Malus domestica, Ilinci , 24.v.2008. ex pupa 2♀♀, 08.vi.2008. ex pupa 1♀. Cacopsylla pruni (Scopoli) , from Prunus domestica Linnaeus, Obedska bara, 04.vi.2005. ex pupa 19.vi.2005. 3♀♀ 1♂, Ilinci, 28.v.2005. ex pupa 1♀ 1♂. Cacopsylla pruni , from Prunus spinosa, Ilinci , 19.vi.2005. ex pupa 2♀♀ 2♂♂. Cacopsylla pyri (L.), from Pyrus communis, Ilinci , 24.vi.2007. ex pupa 02.vii.2007. 4♀♀ 3♂♂, Izvor, 14.iv.2009. ex pupa 3♀♀ 5♂♂, Radmilovac, 27.vi.2005., ex pupa 2♀♀, 12.vi.2006., ex pupa 2♀♀, 26.vi.2006., ex pupa 30.vi.2006. 7♀♀ 4♂♂, 22.vii.2006., ex pupa 30.vii.2006. 1♂, 18.xi.2006., ex pupa 30.xi.2006. 3♀, 07.v.2007. ex pupa 16.v.2007. 3♀♀ 2♂♂. 07.ix.2008. ex pupa 1♂, 30.v.2012. ex pupa 15.vi.2012. 1♀. Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster) , from Pyrus communis, Cerovac , 30.iv.2007. ex pupa 07.v.2007. 2♀♀; Gusta Jela, 12.viii.2006. ex pupa 1♂; Ilinci, 08.vi.2008. ex pupa 1♂. Rudna Glava, 25.v.2007., ex pupa 30.v.2007. 2♀♀ 3♂♂, Cacopsylla pyricola , from Pyrus sp. Predov krst (livada), 13.vii.2007. ex pupa 19.vii.2007. 3♀♀ 6♂♂. Cacopsylla pyrisuga (Foerster) , from Pyrus communis, Divčibare, Česma , 03.vii.2009. ex pupa 14.vii.2009. 4♀♀ 5♂♂; Ilinci, 24.vi.2007. ex pupa 25.vi.2007. 1♀; 01.v.2008. ex pupa 15.v.2008. 1♂. 08.vi.2008. ex pupa 17.vi.2008. 5♀♀ 4♂♂, 17.v.2009. ex pupa 25.v.2009. 3♀♀ 1♂, 30.v.2010. ex pupa 3♀♀, 19.vi.2010. ex pupa 7♀♀ 8♂♂, Knjaževac, 27.v.2008. ex pupa 1♂, Nemenikuće, 15.vi.2006. ex pupa 19.vi.2006. 14♀♀ 8♂♂, ex pupa 23.vi.2006. 2♀♀ 1♂; Rudna Glava, 25.v.2007. ex pupa 03.vi.2007 4♀♀; Sokobanja, 27.v.2008. ex pupa 1♂. Cacopsylla pyrisuga , from Pyrus sp. Predov krst (livada), 13.vii.2007. ex pupa 21.vii.2007. 15♀♀ 4♂♂. Cacopsylla spp. ( C. pyrisuga , C. pyricola , C. bidens ) sa Pyrus communis, Ilinci , 22.vi.2006. ex pupa 12♀♀ 1♂. Cacopsylla spp. ( C. pyrisuga and C. bidens ) Voluja, 25.v.2007. ex pupa 04.vi.2007. 4♀♀ 1♂, ex pupa 07.vi.2007 5♀♀ 1♂. Cacopsylla rhamnicola (Scott) , from Rhamnus cathartica Linnaeus, Belgrade—Hotel Jugoslavija , 26.v.2005. ex pupa 03.vi.2005. 2♂♂, Ilinci, 17.v.2009. ex pupa 29.v.2009. 1♀. Cacopsylla rhamnicola from Rhamnus fallax Boiss., Tara, Bilješke stene 18.vi.2016. ex pupa 1♂.

Trophic status. Parasitoid of jumping plant-lice.

Hosts. Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer , Arytaina sp., Cacopsylla americana (Crawford) , C. bidens , C. crataegi , C. mali (Schmidberger) , C. melanoneura , C. peregrina , C. pyri , C. pyricola , C. pyrisuga , C. ribesiae (Crawford) , Ceanothia essigi (Jensen) , C. insolita (Tuthill) , Euglyptoneura fuscipennis (Crawford) , E. minuta (Crawford) , E. robusta (Crawford) , Livilla retamae (Puton) , Pexopsylla cercocarpi Jensen , Psylla alni (Flor) , P. floccosa Patch , Trioza beameri Tuthill ( Grbić et al. 1989; Zuparko 2015; Zendedel et al. 2016; Noyes 2017).

Distribution. Holarctic.

Diagnosis. Scape dark with metallic reflection. Male scape and pedicel dark with metallic reflections, remainder parts of antenna yellow. Scutellum purple, with reflections. Procoxa yellow, profemur weakly darkened. Ovipositor sheath clearly noticeable. The specimens match the description by Nikolskaya (1952), Erdös (1964), Trjapitzin (1989), Noyes & Hanson (1996).

Comments. Prionomitus mitratus was reared from 12 species of jumping plant-lice, ten from the genus Cacopsylla ( C. bidens , C. crataegi , C. melanoneura , C. picta , C. peregrina , C. pruni , C. pyri , C. pyricola , C. pyrisuga , C. rhamnicola ) and one each from the genera Acizzia ( A. jamatonica ) and Baeopelma ( B. foersteri ). P. mitratus was recorded in the largest number of localities. P. mitratus has so far been recorded as a parasitoid of jumping plant-lice from the genera Arytaina , Cacopsylla , Ceanothia , Euglyptoneura , Livilla, Pachypsylla , Pexopsylla and Trioza ( Jensen 1957; Conci et al. 1995; Percy et al. 2012; Zuparko 2015; Noyes 2017). In Europe, P. mitratus was confirmed as a highly efficient natural enemy of a number of jumping plant-lice species, mainly C. pyri ( Ferriere 1961; Herard 1986). Herard (1986) reported that P. mitratus parasitizes C. pyri , C. melanoneura and C. pyrisuga . Researching the parasitoid complex of C. pyri in France, Armand et al. (1991) stated that P. mitratus mainly parasitizes the first generation of C. pyri , while in the following generations, it emerges in a somewhat lower number compared to other parasitoids. Grbić et al. (1989) recorded it from C. pyrisuga in Serbia.

From Europe, P. mitratus was introduced into Canada and the USA for biological control of Cacopsylla pyricola , where it has shown partial efficiency ( Noyes & Hanson 1996).

The biology of P. mitratus was studied by several authors, who have determined that eggs are laid into the fourth nymphal stage, and adult specimens emerge from the fifth nymphal stage ( Herard 1986; Mirkarimi 1995; Noyes & Hanson 1996).

Here, P. mitratus is recorded in association with Acizzia jamatonica , Baeopelma foersteri , C. picta and C. rhamnicola for the first time ( Table 2).

Figures

FIGURES 18–27. 18, ♀ Microterys annulatus (original), habitus; 19, Head and antenna, ♀ Microterys annulatus (original); 20, Antenna, ♀ M. annulatus (original); 21, Forewing, M. annulatus (original); 22, Dorsal aspect, Prionomitus mitratus (original); 23, Antenna, ♀ P. mitratus (original); 24, Forewing, P. mitratus (original); 25, Prionomitus tiliaris (original), habitus; 26, Dorsal view, P. tiliaris (original); 27, Antenna, ♀ P. tiliaris (original).