Anabaxis foveolata Broun, 1880

Shen, Jia-Wei & Leschen, Richard A. B., 2018, Review and clinal variation of New Zealand Anabaxis Raffray (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae: Goniaceritae), Zootaxa 4382 (3), pp. 531-552 : 538-541

Anabaxis foveolata Broun, 1880

Figs 5 , 7E , 8‒16

Euplectus foveolata Broun, 1880: 143 .

Bryaxis euplectoides Broun, 1893: 1045 . Synonymized by Kuschel 1990: 76 (type not examined). Anabaxis foveolata ( Broun, 1880) . Combination by Kuschel 1990: 76.

Type locality. Tairua , Coromandel, New Zealand.

Diagnosis. Body length around 1.75 mm. Tergite IV (visible tergite I) with discal carinae extending from slightly visible to two-fifths of tergal length; median antebasal fovea much smaller than lateral antebasal foveae. Mesotrochanters bearing spine one-fourth to four-fifths ventral length of trochanter. Aedeagus with symmetrical elongate and thin parameres, curved and nearly in contact, but not fused, with subapical lobes bearing 2 pairs of lateral setae, apical setae longer than basal setae; internal sac with small dense or scattered sclerites and two variable sclerotized laminae.

Redescription (n = 278). Body length 1.70‒1.84 mm; color reddish-brown, antennal club, palpi and tarsi lighter. Dorsal vestiture uni- (head) or biseriate (Pronotum, elytra and abdomen), average length longer than length of eye (setae often effaced) ( Fig. 5A ). Head transverse, slightly wider than long at eye level, dorsal vestiture long and uniseriate; frontal fovea setose, vertexal foveae asetose ( Fig. 7E ). Eyes well-developed, rounded and protuberant, with 20‒25 facets. Pronotum slightly convex and subglobular, slightly wider than long, about 1.1X as long as wide (PL/PW = 0.35‒0.42/ 0.42‒0.47 mm), wider than head at eye level, widest near anterior two-fifths; dorsal vestiture long and biseriate with shorter scattered decumbent setae and with or without 1 longitudinal row of longer suberect setae; lateral antebasal foveae setose; median antebasal fovea much smaller than lateral antebasal foveae; antebasal sulcus from invisible to weakly impressed. Elytra slightly wider than long, about 1.2X as long as wide (EL/EW = 0.54‒0.58/ 0.66‒0.70 mm), widest near middle; dorsal vestiture biseriate with shorter scattered decumbent setae and with or without 1‒2 longitudinal rows of longer suberect setae; each elytron with 1‒4 basal foveae, with outer 2 often merged when more than 2 basal foveae present ( Figs 5C , 9 , 10 ); posterior margins moderately to strongly sinuate. Abdomen convex, slightly narrower than elytra at base; dorsal vestiture biseriate with shorter scattered decumbent setae and with or without 2‒4 longitudinal rows of longer suberect setae, paratergites with or without 1 longitudinal row of longer suberect setae; tergite IV (first visible tergite) with discal carinae extending from invisible to two-fifths of tergal length. Male. Eyes with 22‒25 facets. Mesotrochanters with spine from one-fourth to three-fifths ventral length of trochanter ( Figs 5B , 15 ); mesotibiae modified by apical spine from about one-ninth to as long as length of mesotarsal claw ( Figs 5D , 16 ). Aedeagus ( Figs 5E‒5G , 11‒14 ) 0.36‒ 0.39 mm long; with symmetrical elongate and thin parameres, curved and nearly in contact, but not fused, with subapical lobes bearing 2 pairs of lateral setae, apical setae longer than basal setae; internal sac with small dense or scattered sclerites and two variable sclerotized laminae. Female. Eyes with 20‒24 facets. Mesotrochanters and apical mesotibiae unmodified.

Comments. Broun (1880) mentioned that he had two males and one female, and we designate a specimen in the BMNH that was labeled as the ‘type’ as the lectotype. Kuschel (1990) synonymized Anabaxis euplectoides Broun with A. fovealata , but we were unable to examine the type specimen of the former species. This is a distinct species and an image of A. euplectoides provided by C. Carlton from what may be the type series is a specimen of A. fovealata based on the relative proportions of the body segments and especially the form of the abdomen. This species is similar to A. chathamensis and can be distinguished from it based on the discal carinae being shorter than half the length of tergite IV. The species is highly variable, and characters that are analyzed in detail below do not warrant the division of this polymorphic species into separate taxa.

Distribution. New Zealand.

Type material examined ( Fig. 6B ). Anabaxis foveolata . Lectotype (here designated) (BMNH): ‘Type [round label with red border] // Tairua // 263 // New Zealand [red underline] Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922‒‒482. // Anabaxis foveolata [hand]’.

Additional Material examined. 265 exs (All NZAC expect where indicated): 3 exs (3 ♂♂), North Island: ND: Mangamuka Sum., 386 m, 13.Dec.1976, V. A. May, litter, 76/109; 1ex. (♀), swept, Summit ridge, Mangamuka Hills, 11.xii.1989, K. A. U. Wise (AMNZ); 1 ex. (♂), AK: Auckland, Whatipu Rd., 3.Sep.1978, B. M. May, moss 78/205; 1 ex. (♂), Epsom, 1869, A. E. Brookes Collection, T. Broun collection; 1 ex. (♂), Awhitu Central Kemp Rd., 28.Oct.1982, M. F. Tocker, ferns, 82/106; 1ex. (♀), Waitakere Ra., Fairy Falls Tk., 30 m above falls, 14.Aug.1982, J. S. Dugdale; 1 ex. (♀), Lynfield, Tropicana Dr., 8.5.76, G. Kuschel; 1 ex. (♀), South Piha, 8.Nov.1979, C. F. Butcher, moss, 79/100; 1ex. (♀), Papakura, 19.10.35, E. S. Gourlay; 1 ex. (♀), Woodhill, 8– 15.Oct.1976, F. Butcher, Pit trap under Pennisetum clandestinum and Lupinus nr. Pinus and Eucalyptus ; 1 ex. (♂), Howick, A. E. Brookes Collection; 2 exs (1 ♂, 1 ♀), CL: Mt. Moehau, 7.Nov.1978, B. M. May, moss 78/276; 1 ex. (♀), Mt. Moehau, 365 m, Ward’s Bush, 1.Nov.1979, B. M. May; 1 ex. (♂), Kauaeranga Rd., 6.Dec.1991, M. C. Lariviere & A. Larochelle; 1 ex. (♂), Kirikiri Saddle, 27.Oct.1981, C. F. Butcher, litter, 81/115; 2 exs (1 ♂, 1 ♀), Aldermen Is., Ruamahuaiti Is., 6 m, 6‒11.xii.1994, J. W. Early & R. F. Gilbert, Coastal taupata / karo / Hymenanthera / ngaio shrub, yellow pan trap, L 427 (AMNZ); 1 ex. (♂), same data, except: L 424 (AMNZ); 1 ex. (♂), Cuvier Is., Old Radar Station, 200 m, 10‒18.xi.1999, J. W. Early, S. E. Thorpe, grassy clearing, yellow pan trap, L 8177 (AMNZ); 2 exs (1 ♂, 1 ♀), BP: Te Aroha Summit, 1000 m, 3.Nov.1977, B. M. May, lichen, 77/136; 2 exs (1 ♂, 1 ♀), same data, except: moss, 77/135; 2 exs (2 ♂♂), Old Quarry, 51 / 65, West Post, lower Buller, A. C. Eyles; 2exs (2 ♀♀), Te koau, 243 m, NZMS 260, Z 14, 778862, 24.x.1992 – 31.i.1993, R. M. Emberson. Pitfall traps, mixed broadleaf/podocarp forest, 1992/3 (LUNZ); 1 ex. (♂), same data, except: Twin Puriris, NZMS 260, Z 14, 779865, 15–19.iii.1993, R. M. Gilbert, J. W. M. Marris (LUNZ); 1 ex. (♂), Waanga, 110 m, NZMS 260, Y 14, 652913, 11.iii.1993, J. W. M. Marris, Broadleaf forest (LUNZ); 4 exs (1 ♂, 3 ♀♀), Lake Okataina, 9.Oct.1995, M.C. Lariviere & A. Larochelle; 1 ex. (♀), Oweka River, 11.March.1993, T. S. Dugdale, Litter, 93/38; 8 exs (8 ♀♀), Orete Forest, Te Puia Hut, 26.Apr.1933, G. Hall; 13 exs (4 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀), Lottin Pt Rd., Waenga Bush, 16.Sep.1922, R. C. Henderson; 11 exs (6 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀), Te Koau, 125 m, 2.May.1993, R. C. Henderson, litter, 93/ 107; 1 ex. (♂), Waiaroho, 26.Apr.1993, G. Hall, litter 93/98; 7 exs (3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀), Hicks Bay, 14.Mar–29.Apr.1993, J. S. Dugdale;18 exs (7 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀), GB/BP: Pukeamaru Mullanys Road, 29.Oct.1992, J. S. Dugdale; 2 exs (2 ♀♀), GB: Rangiata, 25.Oct–29.Nov.1992, G. Hall; 1 ex. (♀), East Cape, Lighthouse Tk., 3.Nov.1995, G. Hall; 2 exs (1 ♂, 1 ♀), Kakanui, 2.Dec.1992, G. Hall, Litter, 92/88; 1 ex. (♀), Taikawakawa, 21.Sep.1992, G. Hall & R. C. Henderson; TO: Rangitaiki Plains, E. Ahimanawa Ra., 14.March.1980, M. F. Tocker, mosses lichens, 80/34; 1 ex. (♂), Collector, 14.3.1920, A. E. Brookes, Okauia Kaimai, R. Maramata, A. E. Brookes Collection; 1 ex. (♂), Ohakune, Waitonga Falls Track, 3.Nov.2014, A. C. Eyles, moss on ground & fallen live trees, including Mountain beech; 1 ex. (♀), Ohakune Jubilee Park, Bush Walk, 5.Nov.2004, A. C. Eyles, litter & moss bark of live tress & fallen logs; 1 ex. (♀), Tongariro NP., Cheteau, 100 m, 6.Dec.1978, J. C. Watt, 78/782; 1 ex. (♀), Waituhi Saddle, 16.Nov.1983, C. F. Butcher, litter moss and rotten wood, 83/112; 3 exs (3 ♂♂), Kaimanawa, forest park saddle, 20.Feb.1979, J. S. Dugdale; 1 ex. (♀), same data, except: forest park, 850 m, 11.Mar.1978; 9 exs (5 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀), WO: Mt. Pirongia Wharauora, 854 m, 9.Jun.1977, B. A. Holloway, moss lichen, 77/60; 1 ex. (♀), Piripiri, Caves Reserve, 25.May.1986, C. L. Loyal, leaf litter; 1 ex. (♂), Maungatautari, 20.Nov–17.Dec.2006, C. H. Watts, inside southern enclosure, transect, pitfall trap; 2 exs (1 ♂, 1 ♀), Mahoenui, Gribbons Road, 26.Jun.1977, N. H. Mancer; 2 exs (1 ♂, 1 ♀), Coll. W. M. Brookes, 2.9.1920, Kopaki, Main Trunk Line, N. Is., A. E. Brookes; 2 exs (1 ♂, 1 ♀), TK: 15.Jun.1955, Dept. Agric., J 245; 2 exs (1 ♂, 1 ♀), Coll. J. Ford, 4.5.1914, Raurimu Main Trunk line, N. Is., 1869, A. E. Brookes Collection; 2 exs (1 ♂, 1 ♀), HB: Kaweka Ra., 1280 m, Makahu Saddle, 13.Mar.1980, C. F. Butcher; 1 ex. (♀), Near Puketiriti, Whittle Rd., 15.Oct.2004, A. C. Eyles; 1 ex. (♂), RI: Ruahine Ra., 1250 m, Armstrong saddle, 8.Feb.1980, F. Butcher; 2 exs (2 ♂♂), Pokaka, 22.2.17, 1869, T. Broun collection, A. E. Brookes Collection; 1 ex. (♀), Coll. J. Ford, 1.6.1917, Rangaraua, Main Trunk Line, N. Is., 1869, A. E. Brookes; 1 ex. (♂), WN: Akataraua Saddle, Tararua F. P. Tk., 17.Jan1984, H. P. Mccoll, 9/84, litter; 1 ex. (♀), Masterton, 3.4.1949, R. Hornabrook; 2 exs (1 ♂, 1 ♀), Tararua Ra., Dundas Hut Ridge Rain Gauge site, 5–13.Feb.1985; 1 ex. (♂), South Island: NN: Rough I, Nelson, 3.Aug.67, J. C. Watt, litter; 1 ex. (♀), Nelson, 17.7.43, E. S. Gourlay, Acc. 1970, Ent. Div.; 2 exs (2 ♀♀), Nelson, 14.7.20, A. Philpott; 1 ex. (♀), French Pass Road, north of Ranga Saddle, 268, 65/438; 3 exs (3 ♀♀), Rotoiti, 26.7.16, A. E. Brookes Collection, T. Broun Collection; 1 ex. (♀), BR: Mt. Robert, 5.Feb.1982, C. F. Butcher; 2 exs (1 ♂, 1 ♀), Quarry lm. W. of, Ohikaui River, Lower Buller, Gorge, 5.11.65, D. C. Eyles; 1 ex. (♀), Jan.1943, A. E. Brookes, Hooker Valley, Mt. Cook, T. Broun Collection; 1 ex. (♀), Broken River, 1869, T. Broun Collection, A. E. Brookes; 1 ex. (♀), Algidus, 25-9-13, 1869, T. Broun Collection, A. E. Brookes Collection; 5 exs (3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀), NC: Arthurs Pass, Mt. Aicken, 1200 m, 9.Feb.1984, J.C. Watt, moss 84/25; 4 exs (2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀), Arthurs Pass, Klondyke Corner, 700 m, 26.x.1981, J. W. Early, moss from forest floor (LUNZ); 5 exs (4 ♂♂, 1 ♀), Arthurs Pass, Klondyke Corner, 7.Nov.2005, R. Leschen & S. Nomura, cushion plants on rocks, 43°00’S, 171°35’E; 2 exs (1 ♂, 1 ♀), Arthurs Pass, Temple Basin, 1493 m, 8.Feb.1982, J. S. Dugdale, sedges and mats, 82/124; 4 exs (2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀), MC: Bealy Spur, 750 m, 1.vi.1981, C. A. Muir, moss on forest floor and rotting logs (LUNZ); 2 exs (1 ♂, 1 ♀), MK: White Horse Hill, Mt. Cook NP., 15.Apr.06 (JNPC); 1 ex. (♀), Bankside Res. Rakaia, 18.Jul.09, washed soil sample, tussock and manuka (JNPC); 1 ex. (♀), Mount Hutt, Ca. 1100 m, 27.Dec.97 (JNPC); 1 ex. (♂), Sugar Loaf, Port Hills, 19.Nov.06, moss sample, SM Nunn (JNPC); 1 ex. (♂), Red Tarns, Mt. Sebastopol, 15.Jan.08, in tussock litter (JNPC); 1 ex. (♂), Mt. Sebastopol NP., 15.jan.08, in dead Aciphylla , low altitude (JNPC); 11 exs (10 ♂♂, 1 ♀), OL: Hast Pass, Mt. Albert, 5.Mar.2003, R. Leschen under rocks, 44°26’S, 169°06’E (JNPC); 1 ex. (♂), Makarora, 21.Jan.1978, G. Kuschel, litter 78/46; 2 exs (1 ♂, 1 ♀), Paradise, 2.Feb.1984, J. C. Watt, moss 84/12; 1 ex. (♂), WD: Jacksons Bay, 23.Sep.1979, A. K. Walker, moss 79/90 (JNPC); 1 ex. (♀), 1869, Mt. Alfred, S. Is., T. Broun Collection; 1 ex. (♂), Danseys Pass, 915 m, 10.Jan.09, moss and tussock litter (JNPC); 2 exs (2 ♂♂), CO: Waikaia Valley, Post Office CK, 23.IV.2015, washed soil sample, Nothofagus forest, J. Nunn (JNPC); 5 exs (3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀), Routeburn, Lake Sylvan, 8.II.2015, sifted moss from tree boles, J. Nunn (JNPC); 1 ex. (♀), DN: Mt. Maungatua slopes, 29.Sep.01, in dry fungus on tree bole; 9 exs (6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀), FD: Secretary Is., ridge towards Mt. Grono, 853 m, 27.Nov.1981, C. F. Butcher, alpine mats moss and tussock, 81/184; 13 exs (9 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀), Secretary Is., Gut Bay, 24.Nov.1981, C. F. Butcher; 10 exs (7 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀), Doubtful Sound, 1596, 5/4 1953, R. Hornabrook; 3 exs (1 ♂, 2 ♀♀), Bauza Is., 19.Mar.1984, C.F. Butcher, litter 84/55; 1 ex. (♂), Flagstaff Hill, the ‘Bullring’, 3.Jun.2010, in tussock litter (JNPC); 1 ex. (♂), SL: Tiwai Point, 5.Nov.00, under drift wood on beach; 1 ex. (♂), Fiordland NP., S Borland V., 730 m, 2–6.ii.1982, J. W. Early, yellow pan trap, tussock- Hebe, scrub in river valley (LUNZ); 1 ex. (♂), SI: Stewart Is. Codfish Is. Summit Tk., 250 m, 28.Nov.1981, B. A. Holloway, mosses and lichens, 81/198; 3 exs (2 ♂♂, 1 ♀), Stewart Is. Codfish Is. Upper Miro Track, 1.Dec.1981, B. A. Holloway, moss and lichens, 81/198; 3 exs (3 ♀♀), Stewart Is. Codfish Is. South Hut, 2.Dec.1981, B. A. Holloway, moss and lichens. Unknown locality: 9 exs (6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀), 1869, T. Broun collection, A. E. Brookes Collection; 3 exs (2 ♂♂, 1 ♀), C. E. Clarke Collection (AMNZ).

Catalogue of Australian species ( A. brevis covered above)

Figures

FIGURE 5. Diagnostic features of Anabaxis foveolata Broun, 1880. A) Habitus. B) Mesoventrite and mesocoxae. C) Elytra. D) Mesotibia.E) Aedeagus,in dorsal view. F)Same, inventral view.G)Same,in lateral view.Scales: 0.15mm, except A = 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 6. Primary type specimens and labels of Anabaxis Raffray, 1908. A) Lectotype, Anabaxis brevis Oke, 1928. B) Lectotype, Anabaxis foveolata Broun, 1880. C) Lectotype, Anabaxis electrica King, 1863. D) Lectotype, Anabaxis inusitata Blackburn, 1891. Scale bar: 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 8. Geographic distribution of Anabaxis foveolata and selectedpopulations for dissection inNew Zealand.

FIGURE 9. Variability of basal elytral foveae in Anabaxis foveolata Raffray, 1908. A, B—ND, Mangamuka Summit.C, D— AK, Waitakere,Auckland. E, F—AK, Howick, Auckland.Scales:0.15 mm.

FIGURE 10. Variability of basal elytral foveae in Anabaxis foveolata Raffray, 1908. A—WO, Mount Pirongia. B—WN, Tararua.C, D—WO. Mount Maungatautari. E, F—NC, MountAicken. Scales: 0.15 mm.

FIGURE 11. Variability of the laminae of aedeagus in Anabaxis foveolata Raffray, 1908, in dorsal view (laminae are highlightedby white outlines). A—SI, Stewart Island.B—BP, Te Aroha Summit.Scales:0.15 mm.

FIGURE 12. Variability of the aedeagus morphology in Anabaxis foveolata Raffray, 1908. A, D, G, J, M, P) Aedeagus, in dorsal view. B, E, H, K, N, Q) Same, in ventral view. C, F, I, L, O, R) Same, in lateral view. A, B, C—ND, Mangamuka Summit. D, E, F—AK, Waitakere.G, H, I—AK, Howick, Auckland. J, K, L—CL, Aldermen Island. M, N, O—BP, Te Aroha Summit.P, Q, R—WO, Mount Maungatautari.Scales:0.15 mm.

FIGURE 13. Variability of the aedeagus morphology in Anabaxis foveolata Raffray, 1908. A, D, G, J, M, P) Aedeagus, in dorsal view. B, E, H, K, N, Q) Same, in ventral view. C, F, I, L, O, R) Same, in lateral view. A, B, C—BP, Lake Okataina.D, E, F—GB, Kakanui Stream. G, H, I—TK, New Plymouth. J, K, L—TO, Ohakune. M, N, O—WN, Tararua. P, Q, R—NN, Rough Island. Scales:0.15 mm.

FIGURE 14. Variability of the aedeagus morphology in Anabaxis foveolata Raffray, 1908. A, D) Aedeagus, in dorsal view. B, E) Same, in ventral view. C, F) Same, in lateral view. A, B, C—NC, Mount Aicken.D, E, F—SI, Stewart Island. Scales: 0.15 mm.

FIGURE 15. Variability of modified mesotrochanters in Anabaxis foveolata Raffray, 1908, in ventral view. A—ND, MangamukaSummit.B—GB, Pukeamaru.C—WN, Tararua.D—SI, Secretary Island.Scales:0.15 mm.

FIGURE 16. Variability of modified mesotibia in Anabaxis foveolata, Raffray, 1908, in dorsal view. A—ND, Mangamuka Summit. B—AK, Howick. C—WO, Mount Pirongia. D—HB, Kaweka Range. E—WN, Tararua. F—SI, Secretary Island. Scales: 0.15 mm.

FIGURE7. Primarytype specimens and diagnostic features of Anabaxis Raffray,1908.A) Lectotype, Anabaxis lunatica King, 1863. B)Lectotype, Anabaxis quinquefoveolataRaffray, 1900.C) Lectotype, Anabaxis vagus Oke, 1932.D) Head of Anabaxis lunatica, in dorsal view. E) Head of Anabaxis foveolata, in dorsal view.Scale bar:A, B, C = 0.3 mm, D, E = 0.15 mm.