Goliathopsis velutinus Pouillaude, 1913

Xu, Hao & Qiu, Jian-Yue, 2020, Three new synonyms within the flower chafer genus Goliathopsis Janson, 1881 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China, Zootaxa 4789 (1), pp. 91-131 : 116-120

Goliathopsis velutinus Pouillaude, 1913

( Figs. 12 , 21 , 36–37 , 42–43 , 85–88 , 101–102 , 160–164 , 167–168 )

Goliathopsis velutinus Pouillaude, 1913: 423 (type locality: Tsékou, Chine [=Cigu, Cizhong village, Yanmen, Deqing County, Yunnan, China]), figs. 6- 4 ♂; Schenkling 1921: 364; Mao 1937: 1096; Medvedev 1964: 334, fig. 793 (cephalic horn); An- toine 1991: 9 (in key), plate I, fig. 1 (parameres), plate III, fig. 1 ♂; Ma 1995: 153 (Sichuan & Yunnan, China), figs. 124 ♂, 125-a (cephalic horn), 125-b (parameres); Sakai & Nagai 1998: 156 (Daju, Lijiang, Yunnan, China), plate 2, fig. 43 ♀; Krajčík 1999: 39; Smetana 2006: 300; Krajčík 2011: 70 (N. Vietnam?); Krajčík 2012: 116; Bezděk 2016: 391.

Type material. The number of type specimens of G. velutinus was not provided in the original publication, but the collecting data were explicitly given ( Pouillaude 1913), which enable us to find out the syntypes in MNHN. The same treatment of Pouillaude’s type is applied to determine the type identity of G. velutinus , although he used “Type” in the original publication. To fix the identity of the species, the male ( MNHN, Figs. 160–163 ) bearing Pouillaude’s type label is here designated as lectotype: Tsékou, 1902, R. P. J. Dubernard // G. velutinus Pllde., 1913 . p 423, type. [Pouillaude’s handwriting] // TYPE [red label] // HOLOTYPE [red label with black border] // HOLOTYPE, Goliathopsis velutinus Pouillaude, 1913 [white label with black border] // MNHN, EC 7181 [white label]. Six paralectotypes (2♂♂, 4♀♀) from MNHN were examined: 1♀, Tsekou , 1900, R. P. J. Dubernard ; 1♂, Tsekou , 1902, R. P. J. Dubernard ; 1♀, Tsekou , 1903, R. P. J. Dubernard ; 1♂, 2♀♀, Chine, Oui-sy [Weixi County], R. P. Doublet, 1913 .

The type locality, Tsékou , e.i., Cigu , is a small village located at the west bank of Langcangjiang River valley in Deqin County at an elevation of approximately 2,000 m. This place is not far from Oui-Sy, e.i., Weixi, a county in northwestern Yunnan where some paralectotypes collected by Father François Doublet in 1913. For more details on these places see the following text .

Other material examined (21♂♂, 11♀♀). CHINA: Yunnan : 1♀ ( SYSM, En-398698), 1934.VIII.19, Yunnan, South China. Dragon Nior (20mi south of Mengtsz ). 5000 feet [1,500 m], Ernest R. Tinkham leg. ; 1♂ ( MYNU), 2013.V.17, Nujiang valley, Liuku , Lushui County, alt. 980 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU leg. ; 1♂ ( MYNU), 2015. VII.16, Mt. Miaofengshan , Dayao County, alt. 2,100 m, Ren-Zhi ZHANG leg .; 1♂ ( MYNU), 2014.VI, Mt. Tan- huashan, Dayao County, alt. 2,000 m, Ji-Hui LIU leg .; 4♀♀ ( CCCC), 2016.IV.30, Manhao rainforest, Gejiu , alt. 548 m, Xiao-Dong YANG leg .; 3♂♂ ( MFNB), China, Prov. Yunnan, Vallis flumin. Soling-ho. [i.e. river Longchuanjiang in Dayao County of Chuxiong] // Goliathopsis despectus Westwood 1874 det. Waldau, 5.2010 ; 1♀ ( IRSNB), Sse-Tsong [Shizong County], alt. 2,000 m, Est. Yunnan // Le Moult vend .; 1♂ ( IRSNB), Thibet VRIAKATONG // Le Moult vend .; 1♂ ( IRSNB), Djokoula [i.e. Zhukula village, in Binchuan County, Dali], Yunnan // Le Moult vend .; 1♀ ( MNHN), Djoukoula, Yun-nan , Coll. de Touz. // MUSEUM PARIS, Coll. de Touzalin // Museum Paris, 1980, Coll. G. RUTER// Goliathopsis velutinus Pouillaude, Ph. ANTOINE det. 1990; 1♀ ( MNHN), Chine, Yunnan , Recu de Lou-Nan [i.e. Lounan County, currently Shilin County] ; 1♂ ( MNHN), Lou-Lan, Yun-nan // MUSEUM PARIS, Coll. de Touzalin // Goliathopsis velutinus Pouillaude, Ph. ANTOINE det. 1990; 2♂♂ ( MNHN), Pe yen tsin, Yun- nan, Coll. de Touz. // Goliathopsis velutinus Pouillaude, Ph. ANTOINE det. 1990; 1♂ ( MNHN), Pe yen tsin (Yun- nan)// MUSEUM PARIS, Peyentsin, H. Donckier, 1917 // Goliathopsis velutinus Pouillaude, Ph. ANTOINE det. 1990 ; 1♂ ( MNHN), Pe yen tsin // Gassner, 1936 // Goliathopsis velutinus Pouillaude, Ph. ANTOINE det. 1990 ; 5♂♂, 1♀ ( MNHN), Yunnan // Goliathopsis velutinus Pouillaude, Ph. ANTOINE det. 1990 ; 2♂♂ ( MNHN), N. Yun- nan, Tsekou, 1897 ; 1♂ ( MNHN, de Lisle Coll.), N. Yunnan, Tsekou, 1897 // Goliathopsis despectus Westw., M. O. de Lisle det. 1968 ; 1♀ ( MNHN), N. Yunnan, Tsekou, 1896 ; 1♀ ( KSCJ), 1995.VI. 17-19, 80 km north of Lijiang, Daju, Yunnan , B. Šiška leg. // Goliathopsis lameyi Fairmaire, 1893 .

Diagnosis. Body length 12.0–13.0 mm; width 6.0–6.8 mm. Body black; dorsal surface entirely covered with khaki tomentum ( Figs. 85, 87 ). Pronotum with four small tomentose maculae on disc; midline distinct, discontinuous occasionally ( Fig. 160 ). Elytron usually with three, light brown, tomentose maculae on specific positions: a small one on posthumeral area; a large one on the median portion of lateral declivity; a large one on the postdiscal areas near sutural costa. Few other small tomentose maculae scattered on disc and declivity of elytra ( Fig. 85 ). Disc of elytron usually with drop shaped, setiferous punctures ( Fig. 12 ); setae long. Pygidium with tomentum, densely clad with rounded, setiferous punctures ( Figs. 36–37 ). Cephalic horns of male constricted at base; inner sides with tomentum ( Fig. 21 ). Male genitalia large ( Figs. 42–43 ), proximal and distal parts of parameres distinctly expanded in apical view, medially constricted, apex rounded; outer margins of distal parts distinctly curved in apical view, inner margins sinuose; parameres slightly curved in lateral view, basal piece expanded.

This species resembles Goliathopsis despectus , but can be distinguished from the latter by cephalic horns of male wider and constricted at base ( Fig. 21 ; shorter and not constricted in G. despectus , Fig. 14 ), inner sides of horns with tomentum (glabrous in G. despectus ), parameres larger and distal parts gradually expanded ( Fig. 42 ; smaller and slightly expanded in G. despectus , Fig. 48 ), and the tomentose area on pygidium different ( Figs. 36–37 for G. velutinus ; Figs. 24–25 for G. despectus ).

Distribution. China: Yunnan.

Remarks. Antoine (1991) keyed Goliathopsis velutinus and G. cervus merely by the difference in the teeth of maxillae, and he suspected the two species are identical. The unusual maxillae of G. cervus illustrated in the original publication ( Janson 1881) perhaps due to the specimen damage, and thus it is inappropriate for diagnostic use. While, the distinct differences in the shape of the horn, the punctures on elytral disc, and the parameres can readily differentiate these two species. This species was listed from Tonkin by Krajčík (2011) without any detail, and no specimens from the same location were examined in the above-mentioned collections to date.

Figures

FIGURES 1–12. Characters of Goliathopsis Janson, 1881 species. 1–4, mouthparts of Goliathopsis duponti Antoine, 1991: 1, epipharynx; 2, mandibles; 3, maxillae; 4, labium. 5–12, setiferous punctures on the disc of elytron: 5, G. cervus Janson, 1881; 6, G. despectus (Westwood, 1873), paralectotype of G. capreolus Gestro, 1888 in BMNH; 7, G. duponti Antoine, 1991; 8, G. esquiroli Pouillaude, 1913; 9, G. ferreroi Antoine, 1991; 10, G. gressitti Ruter, 1978; 11, G. lameyi Fairmaire, 1893; 12, G. velutinus Pouillaude, 1913.

FIGURES 13–21. Cephalic horns of Goliathopsis Janson, 1881 species (dorsal view). 13, G. cervus Janson, 1881; 14, G. despectus (Westwood, 1873), paralectotype of G. capreolus Gestro, 1888 in MNHN; 15, G. duponti Antoine, 1991; 16, G. es- quiroli Pouillaude, 1913; 17–18, G. ferreroi Antoine, 1991; 19, G. gressitti Ruter, 1978; 20, G. lameyi Fairmaire, 1893; 21, G. velutinus Pouillaude, 1913.

FIGURES 22–37. Pygidium of Goliathopsis Janson, 1881 species (male in left, female in right; posterior view). 22–23, G. cer- vus Janson, 1881; 24–25, G. despectus (Westwood, 1873), lectotype and paralectotype of G. capreolus Gestro, 1888 in MSNG; 26–27, G. duponti Antoine, 1991; 28–29, G. esquiroli Pouillaude, 1913; 30–31, G. ferreroi Antoine, 1991; 32–33, G. gressitti Ruter, 1978; 34–35, G. lameyi Fairmaire, 1893; 36–37, G. velutinus Pouillaude, 1913.

FIGURES 38–53. Male genitalia of Goliathopsis Janson, 1881 species (apical and lateral view). 38–39, G. lameyi Fairmaire, 1893; 40–41, G. esquiroli Pouillaude, 1913; 42–43, G. velutinus Pouillaude, 1913; 44–45, G. duponti Antoine, 1991; 46–47, G. ferreroi Antoine, 1991; 48–49, G. despectus (Westwood, 1873), paralectotype of G. capreolus Gestro, 1888 in MNHN; 50–51, G. gressitti Ruter, 1978; 52–53, G. cervus Janson, 1881.

FIGURES 85–88. Habitus of Goliathopsis velutinus Pouillaude, 1913 (dorsal and ventral view). 85–86, male; 87–88, female.

FIGURES 89–102. Habitus of Goliathopsis Janson, 1881 species (male in left, female in right; oblique view). 89–90, G. cervus Janson, 1881; 91–92, G. duponti Antoine, 1991; 93–94, G. esquiroli Pouillaude, 1913; 95–96, G. ferreroi Antoine, 1991; 97–98, G. gressitti Ruter, 1978; 99–100, G. lameyi Fairmaire, 1893; 101–102, G. velutinus Pouillaude, 1913.

FIGURES 160–163. Male lectotype of G. velutinus Pouillaude, 1913 in MNHN (photograph by Antoine Mantilleri). 160, dorsal view; 161, ventral view; 162, lateral view; 163, labels.

FIGURE 164. Known distribution of Goliathopsis Janson, 1881 species. Syncretic markers indicate identical or very close localities; type localities of the known species are marked, that of G. despectus (Westwood, 1873), G. cervus Janson, 1881, and G. esquiroli Pouillaude, 1913 are missing because the precise type localities are unknown.

FIGURES 165–168. Habitat of Goliathopsis Janson, 1881 species. 165–166, a living male of G. lameyi Fairmaire, 1893 from Gengzao, Jia’ou, Libo County, near the Maolan Nature Reserve (Guizhou, China; photograph by Lu Qiu); 167–168, a living male of G. velutinus Pouillaude, 1913 from Liuku, Lushui County, in the valley of Nujiang River (Yunnan, China).