Senopterina macularis ( Fabricius, 1805 )

Rodrigues, João Paulo Vinicios, Carvalho, Claudio José Barros De & Mello, Ramon Luciano, 2024, Review of Senopterina Macquart (Diptera, Platystomatidae) from Brazil, with description of two new species, Zootaxa 5448 (4), pp. 482-498 : 492-495

Senopterina macularis ( Fabricius, 1805)

( Figs. 43–61 )

Dacus macularis Fabricius, 1805 (original description); Herina violacea Macquart, 1844 (junior synonym); Ortalis violacea Macquart, 1848 (junior synonym); Chromatomyia bicolour Walker, 1849 (junior synonym).

Diagnoses: Senopterina macularis resembles S. brevipes in body colorations but differs from it by being more robust and by the three pruinescent fasciae on the scutum; the wing pattern also resembles S. brevipes but has an additional transversal band beginning on r-m and projecting upwards to C vein.

Body: ( Figs. 43–44 ) ground colour brown; metallic lustre violet; thorax robust. Measurements: body length 10–14mm.

Head: ( Figs. 45, 49 ) two orbital setae reclined and reduced; ocellar seta reclined to lateroclined; postvertical seta reduced and parallels; antennal scape and pedicel covered by golden setae; face slight concave; gena brownish, large; postgena yellowish brown, large; frontoclipeus membrane brownish; labrum with metallic lustre violet; labellum brownish black. Measurements: eye height 1.5–2.2 mm; eye length 1.1–1.2 mm; head height 2.3–3.2 mm; head length 1.8–2.4 mm; postpedicel height 0.9–1.2 mm; postpedicel length 0.2–0.3 mm; gena height 0.4–0.5 mm; frons posterior width 1.2–1.5; frons anterior width 1.2–1.5 mm; frons length 0.8–1.1 mm; ocellar triangle length 0.2.

Thorax: ( Fig. 43 ) brown to black, with metallic lustre violet, covered by black reduced setulae; scutum with three fasciae whiteish green to violet; postpronotal lobe developed, with one setae; anepisternum with one black seta at the posterior margin; anepimeron with 4–5 setae reduced at the upper posterior margin; katepisternum with small whitish setulae; scutellum bare, with three setae, one basal, one apical, one lateral. Measurements: thorax length 3.2–4.5 mm; thorax width 2.6–3.5 mm; thorax height 2.9–4.0 mm.

Legs: ( Fig. 44 ) dark brown; femur with metallic lustre violet, upper half yellow, lower half brown; forefemur with a row of 4–6 setae at the anteroventral surface, with a row of 4 setae at the dorsal surface; mid femur with several setae at the posteroventral surface; hind femur with a row of 6–10 setae at the posterior surface; tibia with one black fascia at the posterodorsal surface.

Wings: ( Fig. 50 ) vein dm-m straight; hyaline with fasciae brownish, one fascia on r 1, r-m, starting at r-m to the C apex, between R 4+5 and M 1; one band on dm-m; halter black. Measurements: wing length 9.0–11.0 mm; wing width 2.6–4.0 mm.

Abdomen: same colour of thorax; covered by yellowish-white hairs, sparsely. ♂: (51–54) cerci broad; dorsal surface straight, longer than surstylus;glans ovoid, length about 3x the width; terminal filaments extremely long and thin; ♀: (55–58) glans spherical; terminal filaments equal, thin. ♀: spermathecae 1+1, strongly sclerotized, rounded, external surface slightly corrugated; internal structure fanlike. Measurement: abdomen length 5.0– 5.6 mm distiphallus length 2 mm; glans length 0.36mm; glans width 0.14mm; terminal filaments longer than the whole body.

Intraspecific variation: ( Figs. 59–61 ) Some populations from Cerrado—Brazilian savanna—have variation in terminalia. Spermatheca, less sclerotized, ovoid, with medial groove. Cerci with dorsal surface convex, with lateral process; terminal filaments shorter than in Amazonians populations.

Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, and Rio Grande do Sul. New records: Amapá, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo, and Tocantins), Guiana, Panamá, and Peru.

Material: Syntype two male, two females, two unidentifiable—partially destroyed ( Figs. 47–48 ). One male herein designated as lectotype and the other specimen as paralectotype. Lectotype: ♂. ( Fig. 46 ) First label: red “TYPE”. Second label: D. macularis . Am [erica] mer[idionale] Schmidt [according to Papavero (1971) probably Essequibo River, Guyana]. Third label: ZMUC 00027339 . Paralectotype: 1♂, 2♀. First label: red “TYPE”; 2 Unknow, partially destroyed.

Additional material:

BRASIL: [no location]: 2 ♀ ( MZUSP), J.F. Zikan col., 21.iii.1944 ; Amapá: 1 ♂ ( MZUSP), Manzagão, Damasceno col., 1958; Amazonas: 1 ♀ ( INPA), Manaus, R. Ducke, 06–12.i.1989 , 3 ♂ 6 ♀ ( INPA) 09–16.iii.1989 ; 1 ♂ ( INPA), P.N. Jaú, Rio Unini, Sitio Nunes, T. Firme col., 20–23.xi.1995 ; Goiás: 5 ♂ ( DZUB: 16242, 16238, 16239, 16243, 16245), Formosa, Distrito do Bezerra , Fazenda Santo Antônio, 28.i–5.ii.2012 ; Mato Grosso: 1 ♀ ( DZUP: 188935), Cáceres, 08.xii.1984 , 1 ♂ ( DZUP: 188932) 12.xii.1984 , 1 ♂ ( DZUP: 188933) 09.i.1985 , 1 ♂ ( DZUP: 188833) 27.iii.1985 ; 7 ♀ 12 ♂ ( DZUP: 461930, 188772, 188771, 188781, 188787, 188768, 188730, 188755, 188763, 188791, 188758, 188748, 188753, 188757, 188749), Chapada dos Guimarães, 21–30.xi.1983 , 39 ♂ 23♀ ( DZUP: 188729, 188692, 188694, 188733, 188760, 188702, 188790, 188785, 188783, 188782, 188777, 461917, 188770, 188776, 188715, 188687, 188718, 188716, 188701, 188717, 188780, 188761, 188696, 188738, 188735, 188740, 188722, 188723, 188786, 461918, 188711, 188727, 188726, 188732, 188734, 188693, 188721, 188708, 188690, 188691, 188741, 188725, 188689, 188744, 188731, 188713, 188712, 188743, 188720, 188728, 188709, 188742, 188739, 188759, 188750, 188751, 188752, 188754, 461919, 461921, 188724, 188745, 188756, 188784, 188778, 188736, 188706, 188703, 188769, 188710, 188764, 188714, 188775, 188832, 188705, 188698, 188719, 188795, 188788, 18869, 188707, 188688, 188699, 188762, 188766, 188746, 188765, 188767, 188779, 188774, 188704, 188700, 188697) 01–03.xii.1983 , 1 ♂ ( MZUSP) 17.i.2012 ,1 ♀ ( MZUSP) 18.iv–02.vii.2012 ; 1 ♀ ( MZUSP), Rio 7 de Setembro, Posto Garapu, xi.1949 ; Mato Grosso do Sul: 1 ♀ 3 ♂ ( MZUSP), Bodoquena, 22.xi–09.xii.2011 , 1 ♀ ( MZUSP) 22.xii.2011 – 06.i.2012 , 1 ♀ 1 ♂ ( MZUSP) 06–21.i.2012 ; 1 ♀ ( MZUSP) 01.iv.2012 ; 1 ♀ ( MZUSP), Bodoquena, Fazenda Califórnia, 22.x–06.xi.2011 , 1 ♀ 1 ♂ ( MZUSP) 06–22.xi.2011 ; 1 ♂ ( ZUFMS), Campo Grande, RPPN/UFMS, 23–28.xi.2016 ; 1 ♂ ( MZUSP), Maracaju, iii.1937 ; 2 ♂ ( MZUSP) Serra da Bodoquena Fazenda Califórnia Mata Ciliar 22.xi–09.xii.2011 ; Pará: 1 ♀ ( MZUSP), Mangabeira, O.M. Rego col., iii.1953 ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ( DZUP: 461925, 461923), Mojuí dos Campus, Milke col., 25.iii.1989 ; Paraná: 1 ♀ ( DZUP 461924 ), Guarapuava, Kurowski col., [no data] ; 2♀ ( MZUSP), Morretes, Parque Estadual do Pau Oco , M.T. Tavares col., 10–13.iv.2002 ; Rio de Janeiro: 1 ♂ ( MZUSP), Floresta da Tijuca , C.A.C. Seabra col., 10.ii.1953 ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ( DZUP: 188937, 188936) Moure col. 16.i.1969 ; 2 ♀ ( MZUSP), Itatiaya, 700–1000m, J.F. Zikan col., 25.ii.1932 , 1 ♀ ( MZUSP) xi.1959 ; 1 ♀ ( MZUSP), Nova Friburgo, Guimarães e Papavero col., i.1970 ; 1 ♂ ( MZUSP), Tijuca, Alto da Boa Vista , C.R. Hathaway col., xii.1950 ; Rondônia: 1 ♀ 3 ♂ ( MZUSP), Cacaulândia, Sítio do João Cabeça , 20–22.x.2011 ; 1 ♀ ( DZUP: 461927), Vilhena, 29.x.1986 , 3 ♀ 1♂ ( DZUP: 461931, 461920, 461926, 461932) 11– 17.xii.1986 ; Roraima: 1 ♀ ( DZUP: 461922), Ilha de Maracá , 24–31.viii.87 ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ( INPA), Pacaraima, J.A. Rafael col., 25.vi–05.vii.1988 ; São Paulo: 2 ♀ ( MZUSP), Avanhandava, Barra Mansa, Barreto col., ii.1946 ; 1♀ ( MZUSP), Araçatuba, Córrego Azul, M.P. Barreto col., iii.1947 ; 1 ♀ ( MZUSP), Barão de Antonina , Exp. Perm. Amaz. Col., i.1946 ; 1 ♀ ( MZUSP), Barueri, R. Lienko col., 8.ii.1955 ; 1 ♂ ( MZUSP), Batatais, Padre Pereira col., xii.1943 ; 1 ♀ ( MZUSP), Boracéia, Salesópolis, J.H. Guimarães ; 1 ♀ ( MZUSP), Cajuru, Cassia dos Coqueiros, M.P. Barreto col., ii.1947 ; 1 ♀ ( MZUSP), Horto Florestal, J. Lane col., i.1944 ; 2 ♀ ( MZUSP), Itaporanga, N.B. Antonina, Barreto col., i.1946 ; 1 ♀ ( MZUSP), Serra da Cantareira, Travassos & Guimarães, col. 5–9.xii.1940 ; Tocantins: 2 ♀ ( INPA), Palmas, Parque Estadual Lajeado, Lago da Onça, Amora & Oliveira col., 28.xii.2017 – 08.i.2018 .

Biology: some specimens hosted at the MZUSP came from the project SISBIOTA-Diptera ( Lamas et al. 2023), and were sampled using Malaise traps, Shannon traps, and Van Someren traps baited with sugar, banana, sardine, and beer. Specimens were sampled during an entire year and had an activity period from November to Mach—mid-spring to summer—and a minor activity period from June to August—autumn to mid-winter—in the southern hemisphere.

Figures

FIGURES 43–50. Senopterina macularis, external morphology. 43. Habitus, dorsal; 44; Habitus, lateral; 45. Head, dorsal view. 46. Labels; 47–48. Type series; 49. Head, frontal view. 50. Wing. Figs. 43–44, 46–48: Types; 45, 49–50: None type specimens. Figs. 43–44, 46–48 credits to Anders Illun (ZMUC).

FIGURES 51–58. S. macularis, terminalia morphology. 51. Glans; 52. Male terminalia complex; 53. Phallus, drowning; 54. Male cercal complex, ventral view; 55. Ovipositor, dorsal view; 56. Segment 8; 57. Spermathecae, SEM; 58. Spermathecae, drowning.

FIGURES 59–61. Senopterina macularis variations. 59. Spermatheca; 60. Male cercal complex, lateral view; 61. Male cercal complex, ventral view.