Palaeoneura, Waterhouse, 1915

Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2020, Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico, Zootaxa 4773 (3), pp. 1-411 : 277-278

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4773.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B1D8D67C-4FDC-477E-872F-E8BCD4D027FB
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3845020
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A0765-FEC2-B865-48D5-FBBB89E9FE73
treatment provided by	Plazi (2020-05-12 07:43:02, last updated 2024-11-25 22:15:37)
scientific name	Palaeoneura
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PALAEONEURA Waterhouse, 1915 View in CoL View at ENA

( Figs 750–799 View FIGURE 750 View FIGURES 751–753 View FIGURES 754–759 View FIGURES 760–768 View FIGURES 769–773 View FIGURE 774 View FIGURES 775–777 View FIGURES 778–783 View FIGURES 784–788 View FIGURES 789–796 View FIGURES 797–799 )

Palaeoneura Waterhouse, 1915: 537 View in CoL . Type species: Palaeoneura interrupta Waterhouse, 1915 View in CoL , by subsequent designation by Gahan & Fagan, 1923: 103.

Chaetomymar Ogloblin, 1946: 277 View in CoL . Type species Chaetomymar kusnezovi Ogloblin View in CoL , by original designation. Synonymy by Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy, 2007: 38.

Acanthomymar Subba Rao, 1970: 667 View in CoL . Type species: Acanthomymar nigrum Subba Rao, 1970 View in CoL , by original designation. Synonymy by Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy, 2007: 38 (from previous synonymy under Polynema Haliday View in CoL by Huber, 2003: 80).

Barypolynema (Tarphypolynema) Ogloblin, 1960: 79 . Type species: Anagrus saga Ogloblin, 1960 View in CoL , by original designation. Synonymy under Polynema View in CoL by Triapitsyn & Fidalgo, 2006: 60; synonymy under Palaeoneura View in CoL by Triapitsyn, 2018b: 35.

Diagnosis. Body length 515–920 μm. Propleura abutting anterior to prosternum ( Figs 762–764 View FIGURES 760–768 , 786, 787 View FIGURES 784–788 ); fore wing with slight to distinct narrowing beyond apex of venation, the posterior margin of wing slightly to distinctly sinuate with a correspondingly slight to distinct lobe ( Figs 753 View FIGURES 751–753 , 777 View FIGURES 775–777 ); mesoscutum with notauli wide ( Figs 776 View FIGURES 775–777 , 784 View FIGURES 784–788 ) or narrow ( Figs 752 View FIGURES 751–753 , 760 View FIGURES 760–768 ); axilla sometimes with long axillar seta ( Figs 752 View FIGURES 751–753 , 760 View FIGURES 760–768 ); propodeum with a short median carina ( Figs 752 View FIGURES 751–753 , 760 View FIGURES 760–768 ) or without ( Figs 776 View FIGURES 775–777 , 784 View FIGURES 784–788 ).

Discussion. Among the nine other Nearctic genera of the Polynema group ( Acmopolynema , Caraphractus , Cnecomymar , Eustochus , Kalopolynema , Mymar , Neomymar , Polynema , Stephanodes ), Palaeoneura is defined first by elimination of eight of them, i.e., all of the above except Polynema (see key). Depending on the subgenus of Polynema different features must be used to distinguish Palaeoneura from them. Palaeoneura is distinguished from P. ( Polynema ) by the propleura abutting medially, sometimes only narrowly, anterior to prosternum whereas the propleura do not abut in P. ( Polynema ). Palaeoneura is distinguished from Polynema (Doriclytus) , by not having pits between the toruli whereas P. ( Doriclytus ) has pits between the toruli; in both Palaeoneura and Polynema (Doriclytus) the propleura abut anteriorly.

Palaeoneura is keyed out twice because in the Nearctic it contains four species representing at least two morphologically dissimilar groups. One species, P. markhoddlei Triapitsyn , has each notaulus narrow (as in Figs 752 View FIGURES 751–753 , 760 View FIGURES 760–768 ) and axillar seta long, extending almost to apex of frenum (as in Figs 752 View FIGURES 751–753 , 760 View FIGURES 760–768 ), shown in the extralimital P. sophoniae Huber ( Figs 750–773 View FIGURE 750 View FIGURES 751–753 View FIGURES 754–759 View FIGURES 760–768 View FIGURES 769–773 ). Both species are classified in the kusnezovi group of what used to be Chaetomy- mar, currently treated as a synonym of Palaeoneura (Triapitsyn 2018) . Another species, P. mymaripennis (Dozier) ( Figs 774–798 View FIGURE 774 View FIGURES 775–777 View FIGURES 778–783 View FIGURES 784–788 View FIGURES 789–796 View FIGURES 797–799 ), has each notaulus wide ( Figs 776 View FIGURES 775–777 , 784 View FIGURES 784–788 ) and the axillar seta short ( Figs 776 View FIGURES 775–777 , 784 View FIGURES 784–788 ). The remaining two species are similar to one or, partly, the other of the above species. Until the genus is better defined on a world basis, with special attention to the diverse Australian fauna, it is premature to determine here whether the Nearctic species should be classified in more than one genus.

Nearctic hosts. Hemiptera : Cicadellidae .

Important references. Triapitsyn & Aquino (2010), Triapitsyn (2018b).

References

Gahan, A. B. & Fagan, M. M. (1923) The type species of the genera of Chalcidoidea or chalcid-flies. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 124, 1 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.124. i

Ogloblin, A. A. (1946) Descriptions of new genera and species of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Iowa State College Journal of Science, 20, 277 - 295.

Triapitsyn, S. V. & Fidalgo, P. (2006) Definition of Doriclytus, stat. rev. as a subgenus of Polynema and redescription of its type species, P. (Doriclytus) vitripenne. (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Zootaxa, 1362 (1), 55 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1362.1.4

Triapitsyn, S. V. & Aquino, D. A. (2010) On the occurrence of Polynema Haliday (Dorypolynema Hayat and Anis) and Palaeoneura Waterhouse (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the New World, with description of two new species. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 54 (1 - 2), 61 - 77.

Triapitsyn, S. V. (2018 b) A new species of Palaeoneura Waterhouse (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from California, USA, with taxonomic notes on Palaeoneura saga (Girault) comb. n. Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 149, 33 - 47.

Waterhouse, C. O. (1915) XX. Descriptions of two new genera, and new species of Mymaridae from Tasmania. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 62 (3 - 4), 536 - 539, pl. XCII. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1915. tb 02992. x

Figures

FIGURE 750. Palaeoneura sophoniae (Huber), habitus. Hawaiian Islands, Kauai, Guava Kai, 7.xii.1999, ex guava, P. Yang. Scale bar=500 μm.

FIGURES 751–753. Palaeoneura sophoniae (Huber). 751, antenna; 752, mesosoma, dorsal; 753, wings. Scale bars=200 μm.

FIGURES 754–759. Palaeoneura sophoniae (Huber), head. 754, anterior; 755, posterior; 756, lateral; 757, dorsal; 758, ventral; 759, mouthparts. Scale bars=20 μm.

FIGURES 760–768. Palaeoneura sophoniae (Huber). 760, mesosoma, dorsal; 761, mesosoma, lateral; 762, mesosoma, ventral, with coxae; 763, mesosoma ventral, without coxae; 764, mesosoma, anterior; 765, mesosoma, posterior; 766, petiole, dorsal; 767, petiole, lateral; 768, petiole, ventral. Scale bars: 760–765=50 μm; 766–768=20 μm.

FIGURES 769–773. Palaeoneura sophoniae (Huber). 769, metasoma, dorsal; 770, metasoma, lateral; 771, metasoma, ventral; 772, apex of gaster, dorsal; 773, apex of gaster, lateral. Scale bars: 769–771=100 μm; 772, 773=10 μm.

FIGURE 774. Palaeoneura mymaripennis (Dozier), habitus. USA, New Hampshire, Strafford Co., 1 km S. Durham, 32 m, 43.118°N 70.9376°W, 21.ix–18.x.2007, D. Chandler, forest clearing. Scale bar=500 μm.

FIGURES 775–777. Palaeoneura mymaripennis (Dozier). 775, antenna; 776, mesosoma, dorsal; 777, wings. Scale bars: 775, 777=200 μm; 776=100 μm.

FIGURES 778–783. Palaeoneura mymaripennis (Dozier), head. 778, anterior; 779, posterior; 780, lateral; 781, dorsal; 782, male, ventral; 783, male mouthparts. Scale bars=50 μm.

FIGURES 784–788. Palaeoneura mymaripennis (Dozier), mesosoma. 784, dorsal; 785, lateral; 786, ventral; 787, male, anterior; 788, scutellum–propodeum. Scale bars=50 μm.

FIGURES 789–796. Palaeoneura mymaripennis (Dozier), metasoma. 789, petiole, dorsal; 790, male petiole, lateral; 791, petiole, ventral; 792, metasoma, dorsal; 793, metasoma, lateral; 794; metasoma, ventral; 795, apex of gaster, dorsal; 796, apex of gaster, lateral. Scale bars: 789–791, 795, 796=20 μm; 792–794=100 μm.

FIGURES 797–799. Palaeoneura mymaripennis (Dozier), male, apex of gaster showing exserted genitalia. 797, dorsal; 798, lateral; 799, posterior. Scale bars=20 μm.