Marmarina maculosa ( Olivier, 1789 )

Ratcliffe, Brett C., 2015, A Review of the Neotropical GenusMarmarinaKirby, 1827 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini), with Description of a New Species from Argentina, The Coleopterists Bulletin 69 (2), pp. 183-201 : 191-193

Marmarina maculosa ( Olivier, 1789) ( Figs. 17–22 )

Cetonia maculosa Olivier, 1789: 85 , plate 12, figure 120 (original combination). Type not found. Type locality: “Amérique méridionale”.

Cetonia irrorata Olivier 1789: 23 , plate 11, figure 105 (synonym). Type not found. Type locality: “Amérique méridionale”.

Cetonia graculus Fabricius 1792: 132 (synonym). Type not found, possibly one specimen at the Zoologische Museum Kiel , Kiel, Germany ( Zimsen 1964) . Type locality: “ America’ .

Gymnetis apiata Burmeister 1842: 278 (synonym). Type not found, not in the Burmeister collection at MLUH. Type locality: “ Mexico ”.

Gymnetis punctatisssima Burmeister 1842: 278 (synonym). Holotype male at MLUH, examined. Type locality: “Cayenne”.

Gymnetis meticulosa Thomson 1878: 12 (synonym). Type not found. Type locality: “Amazon”.

Gymnetis submaculosa Thomson 1878: 14 (synonym). Holotype male at MNHN, examined. Type locality: “ Venezuela ”.

Description. Length 12.3–20.0 mm; width across humeri 7.6–12.2 mm. Ground color on dorsum and legs light to dark yellowish brown to nearly orange, rarely entirely black, opaque. Pronotum with numerous, often confluent, mostly round punctures surrounded by black to reddish

21–22) Parameres.

brown, small to large, opaque circles ( Fig. 17 ). Elytra similar except punctures mostly crescentshaped surrounded by round to suboval spots. Ground color of venter enamel-like, weakly shiny, cream white, grayish white, pale yellow, or pale yellowish brown, with round or crescent-shaped, piceous punctures. Mesometasternal process enameled on metasternal portion, piceous and shiny on mesosternal portion (apical knob). Abdominal sternites of males completely enameled, females with center of abdominal sternites black or piceous, shiny. Setae on venter pale. Head: Frons and clypeus with punctures small to moderately large, sparse to dense, unevenly spaced, ocellate, with pale, minute setae in pristine specimens. Clypeal apex reflexed, subtruncate in dorsal view, weakly emarginate in anterior view. Interocular width equals 5.5–7.0 transverse eye diameters. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club distinctly longer than antennomeres 2–7. Pronotum: Surface with punctures small to large, moderately dense to dense, unevenly spaced, mostly round, crescent-shaped to horseshoeshaped along lateral margins, ocellate. Lateral margins arcuate, lacking marginal line. Elytra: Surface similar to that of pronotum except punctures mostly crescent-shaped. Sutural costa slightly elevated on apical half; apical umbone prominent. Apices at suture subquadrate. Pygidium: Surface densely rugopunctate to rugose when punctures coalesce, punctures crescent-shaped to transversely vermiform, setigerous, setae short, dense, pale. In lateral view, surface weakly convex in both sexes. Venter: Metasternum with large, dense, round to crescent-shaped, setigerous punctures. Mesometasternal process, in lateral view, moderate in length, projecting slightly obliquely downwards away from ventral axis of body, apex bluntly rounded to subquadrate in largest specimens ( Fig. 18 ); in ventral view, sides tapering to rounded apex, with piceous, impressed line on each side of anterior part of metasternum extending mesad well onto shaft of process, lines often reaching mesosternal tip ( Figs. 19–20 ); mesosternal part of process usually entirely piceous. Abdominal sternites 1–5 with small to moderately large, round to crescent-shaped punctures on lateral thirds; sternite 6 with smaller, denser punctures. Legs: Protibiae with apical tooth, occasionally with swelling behind apical tooth suggestive of a second tooth, especially in females. Femora and tibiae densely punctate; punctures round to crescent-shaped to horseshoe-shaped to vermiform, mostly moderately large. Parameres: In caudal view, form elongate, subrectangular, apices flared laterally and with prominent tooth on lateral edge ( Figs. 21–22 ).

Distribution. Marmarina maculosa is known from southern Mexico south to the Amazon regions of Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.

Locality Records. 640 specimens from AMIC, AMNH, BCRC, BMNH, CASC, CCBM, CMNC, CMNH, CNCI, CUIC, CZUG, DEIC, EGRC, FMNH, FSCA, IRSNB, LACM, MAMC, MCZC, MIZA, MLUH, MNHN, MPEG, MZSP, QBUM, RDCC, RMNH, SEAB, SEMC, UCCC, UMSP, USNM, WBWC, and ZMHU. Some data from Deloya and Morón (1997), Solís (2004), Neita et al. (2006), Suárez-G. and Amat-García (2007), Touroult and Dalens (2010), Orozco (2012), Pardo- Locarno (2013), and Rodrigues et al. (2013). BOLIVIA (8): CHAPARE (1): Cochabamba. LA PAZ (3): Juny, Mapiri (5 km W), Songo. SANTA CRUZ (1): Buena Vista. NO DATA (3). BRAZIL (40): AMAZONAS (9): Borba, Manaus, Rio Negro, Tefé. MATO GROSSO DO SUL (5): Aquidauana. PARÁ (9): Belém, Obidos, No data. RONDONIA (3): Porto Velho, Rancho Grande (62 km. S Ariquemes). NO DATA (14). COLOMBIA (161): AMAZONAS (1): Yurimaguas. ANTIOQUIA (1): No data. CALDAS (4): Manizales. CAUCA (15): Popayán. CAQUETÁ (2): No data. CHOCÓ (15): No data. CUNDINAMARCA (1): No data. DISTRITO CAPITAL (3): Bogotá. MAGDALENA (15): Arataca, Río Frio, Sevilla, No data. NARIÑO (1): Juntas. QUINDÍO (1): Buena Vista. RISARALDA (1): Distrito Pereira. SANTANDER (33): Bucamaranga, No data. TOLIMA (2): El Santiago, San Antonio. VALLE DEL CAUCA (45): Buenaventura, Cali, Cartago, Palmira, No data. NO DATA (21). COSTA RICA (32): ALAJUELA (1): Santa Clara. CARTAGO (4): Turrialba. LIMÓN (18): Amubri, Guapiles (35 km N), Valle La Estrella. LIMÓN (2): Puerto Limón, No data. SAN JOSÉ (2): San José. NO DATA (5). ECUADOR (15): ESMERALDAS (1): Esmeraldas. GUAYAS (1): Guayaquil. JÁUREGUI (2): Tungurahua. LOJA (1): Loja. LOS RÍOS (4): Pichilingue, Quevedo. MORONA SANTIAGO (1): Macas. NAPO (2): Coca. PASTAZA (1): Sarayacu. NO DATA (2). FRENCH GUIANA (113): CAYENNE (51): Cayenne, La Mana. KOROU (1): Paricabo. RÉMIRE-MONTJOLY (39): Sentier des Salines. ROURA (4): Montagne des Chevaux. ST. JEAN DU MORONI (2): Nouveau Chantier. NO DATA (16). GUATEMALA (1): IZABAL (1): Finca Firmeza. GUYANA (14): DEMERARA-MAHAICA (5): Georgetown. CUYUNI-MAZARUNI (1): Kartabo. MAHAICA- BERBICE (2): Blairmont. NO DATA (6). HONDURAS (5): ATLÁNTIDA (1): Parque Nacional Pico Bonito. CORTÉS (1): San Pedro Sula. YORO (1): Parque Nacional Pico Pijol. NO DATA (2). MEXICO (28): CHIAPAS

(7): San Quintin. OAXACA (2) : Sierra de Juarez , No data. PUEBLA (6) : La Ceiba, Patza. VERACRUZ (11) : Catemaco, El Coyote, Jicaltepec, Joloapan Papantla, Los Tuxtlas, Misantla, Presidio, San Rafael, Tierra Blanca. NO DATA (2) . PANAMA (13): BOCAS DEL TORO (2) : No data. CHIRIQUI (2) : Volcan Chiriqui. PANAMÁ (7) : Barro Colorado Island, Cerro Campana, Chepo (55 km E), Pacora, Summit Botanical Gardens. NO DATA (2) . PERU (78): AREQIPA (2) : Rio Ucayali. HUÁNUCO (6) : Pachitea, Tingo Maria. JUNÍN (59) : Chanchamayo, Cristal Mayu, La Merced, Satipo. PASCO (3) : Pozuzu, Rio Toro. PIURA (4) : Santa Ana De Quiroz. SAN MARTÍN (1) : Achinamiza. NO DATA (3) . SURINAME (18): MAROWIJNE (1) : Langaman Kondre. PARAMARIBO (7) : Blauwgrond, Charlesburg. SARAMACA (2) : La Poule. WANICA (1) : Sato Boma. NO DATA (7) . TOBAGO (3): ST. JOHN (3) : Pigeon Hill Trace. TRINIDAD (39): ARIMA (3) : Arima Valley. COUVA-TABAQUITE-TALPARO (17): Caparo. PORT OF SPAIN (6) : Maracas Bay, Port of Spain, St. Claire. RIO CLARO-MAYARO (1) : Galeota Point. SANGRE GRANDE (1) : Sangre Grande. TUNAPUNA-PIARCO (4) : Curepe, Morne Bleu. NO DATA (7) . VENEZUELA (31): ARAGUA (5) : Cagua. BOLÍVAR (1) : Suapure. DISTRITO CAPITAL (3) : Caracas. MÉRIDA (1) : Chiguará, Mérida. MONAGAS (2) : Carapito, Quirequire. TRUJILLO (5) : Buena Vista, Bocano, No data. YARACUY (3) : Bananera, Yumare. ZULIA (2) : No data. NO DATA (9) . NO DATA (41) .

Temporal Distribution. January (19), February (9), March (14), April (28), May (13), June (25), July (26), August (32), September (10), October (15), November (35), December (10).

Diagnosis. Marmarina maculosa , along with M. insculpta , is easily distinguished from other species in the genus by the dense, reddish brown to black speckles on both the dorsum and venter of the body. From the nearly identical M. insculpta , it can be distinguished by its generally smaller size (12.3–20.0 mm versus 16.2–18.8 mm); overall lighter colored dorsum as a result of sparser and less confluent spots; by the impressed, piceous line on each side of the anterior portion of the metasternum extending well onto the shaft of the mesometasternal process, with the lines sometimes meeting at the midline ( Figs. 19–20 ); and the mesosternal part of the mesometasternal process entirely piceous. Two specimens from Jicaltepec, Veracruz, Mexico lack the piceous line on each side of the mesometasternal process. The parameres are more laterally flared at their apices than in other species in the genus and identical with those of M. insculpta (compare Figs. 21 and 10 ).

This species, along with M. insculpta , closely resembles G. punctipennis in color and pattern of speckles, but that species is typically larger (19–25 mm), the pronotum has a lateral marginal line, the elytral apices are acutely produced, the posterolateral corners of the metacoxa are angularly produced backwards, the protibiae are tridentate, and the parameres are shaped differently (compare Figs. 21 and 15 ).

Nomenclature. Several checklists ( Schenkling 1921; Blackwelder 1944; Krajcik 1998) indicated Gory and Percheron (1833) described G. maculosa as a new species, but Gory and Percheron were simply redescribing, with correct author attribution, Olivier’ s (1789) C. maculosa .

Natural History. Morón and Arce (2002) described the larval and pupal stages based upon specimens from Veracruz, Mexico and placed both M. maculosa and M. tigrina in a key to larval Gymnetini . Solís (2004) reported adults feeding on the sap of a lemon tree ( Citrus sp. ) in Costa Rica. Label data show adults feeding on lantana flowers ( Lantana sp. , Verbenaceae ) and banana leaves ( Musa sp. , Musaceae ) in Trinidad, Varronia curassavica Jacquin (Boraginaceae) flowers in French Guiana, and soursop fruit ( Annona muricata L., Annonaceae ) in Venezuela. Otherwise, there is no information on the life history of M. maculosa .

Figures

Figs. 17–22. Marmarina maculosa. 17) Habitus; 18–20) Mesometasternal process, lateral and ventral views;

Figs. 7–11. Marmarina insculpta. 7) Habitus; 8–9) Mesometasternal process, lateral and ventral views; 10–11) Parameres.

Figs. 12–16. Gymnetis punctipennis. 12) Habitus; 13–14) Mesometasternal process, lateral and ventral views;