Phanoceroides fernandesi, Čiampor, Fedor, Laššová, Kristína, Maier, Crystal A., Čiamporová-Zaťovičová, Zuzana & Kodada, Ján, 2016

Čiampor, Fedor, Laššová, Kristína, Maier, Crystal A., Čiamporová-Zaťovičová, Zuzana & Kodada, Ján, 2016, Phanoceroides Hinton, 1939: description of new species, morphology of larvae, and revised taxonomic position of the genus (Coleoptera: Elmidae) based on molecular evidence, Zootaxa 4117 (2), pp. 277-288 : 278-280

Phanoceroides fernandesi sp. n. Laššová

Type locality. Stream ca. 2–3 m wide, quickly flowing in a dense forest with cascades and riffles, large boulders, submerged wood and leaf packs.

Type material. holotype male ( NMW): ” Venezuela, Amazonas Province, Puerto Ayacucho env., Caño Coromoto above Tobogan de la Selva camp site, stream ca. 2–3m wide, 154 m a.s.l., 05°23'8.1'' N, 067°36'53.9'' W, 1.12.2011, Čiampor Jr. and Čiamporová-Zaťovičová lgt.”, paratypes ( CCB, CKB, NMW, MIZA, ZSM, USNM, SEMC, FMNH): 20 specimens with the same locality data as holotype; 2 specimens ” Venezuela, Amazonas Province, Cerro Cuao env., small stream, 923m a.s.l., 05°05'39.1'' N, 067°27'41.4'' W, 19.11.12, Čiampor Jr., Čiamporová-Zaťovičová, Laššová lgt.”; 6 specimens ” Venezuela, Amazonas Province, Cerro Cuao env., small stream ca 1.5m wide, 148m a.s.l., 05°05'56.9'' N, 067°29'44.4'' W, 20.11.12, Čiampor Jr., Čiamporová-Zaťovičová, Laššová lgt.”; 4 specimens ” Venezuela, Amazonas Province, Cerro Cuao env., small stream ca 2m wide, 161m a.s.l., 05°05'51.5'' N, 067°29'38.8'' W, 21.11.12, Čiampor Jr., Čiamporová-Zaťovičová, Laššová lgt.”; 3 specimens ” Venezuela, Amazonas Province, Cerro Cuao env., small stream ca 1.5m wide, 133m a.s.l., 05°05'57.8'' N, 067°29'56.5'' W, 21.11.12, Čiampor Jr., Čiamporová-Zaťovičová, Laššová lgt.”; 30 specimens ” Venezuela, Amazonas Province, Cerro Autana env., fast flowing stream ca 2-3m wide, 131m a.s.l., 04°49'33.6'' N, 067°28'55.4'' W, 23.11.12, Čiampor Jr., Čiamporová-Zaťovičová, Laššová lgt.”; 10 specimens “ VENEZUELA, T.F. Amazonas, Puerto Ayacucho (40 km S), El Tobogán, Caño Coromoto, 19 January 1989, leaf packs, upper riffles, Collected, PJ Spangler, RA Faitoute and CB Barr“ [collecting event PJS-VZ-890119-4]; 1 specimen “ VENEZUELA, T.F. Amazonas, Puerto Ayacucho (40 km S), El Tobogán, Caño Coromoto, 18 January 1989, blacklight, upper shelter,Collected, PJ Spangler, RA Faitoute and CB Barr“ [collecting event PJS-VZ-890118-4]; 2 specimens “ VENEZUELA, T.F. Amazonas, Puerto Ayacucho (40 km S), El Tobogán, Caño Coromoto, 23 January 1989, leaf packs, upper seep, Collected, PJ Spangler, RA Faitoute and CB Barr“; 7 specimens “ VENEZUELA, T.F. Amazonas, Puerto Ayacucho (40 km S), El Tobogán, Caño Coromoto, 24 January 1989, stream between cascades,Collected, PJ Spangler, RA Faitoute and CB Barr“ [one specimen with missing head; collecting event PJS-VZ-890124-5]; 2 specimens “ VENEZUELA, T.F. Amaz., Puerto Ayacucho (40 km S), at Tobogán, leaf packs, colln #12, 24Feb1986, P.J. Spangler“ [collecting event PJS-VZ-860224-1].

Description. Body elongate ( Fig. 1 b), CL: 3.00– 3.30 mm, 2.45 times as long as wide (CL/EW), dorsum moderately convex, surface shiny, with very fine dense short recumbent setae and sparse longer pale hairs. Head almost black, pronotum and elytra dark brown, margins of pronotum and elytra, legs and antennae (except for club) paler. Ventral side brown. Plastron setae on genae, hypomeron, lateral sides of prosternum, meso- and metaventrite and abdominal ventrites except for their median portion.

Head ( Fig. 2 a) partly retractable into prothorax, densely punctured and setose. Labrum short ( Fig. 2 c), partly concealed by clypeus, setose, lateral angles rounded; clypeus longer and wider than labrum, about 2.5 times as wide as long, densely setose; frontoclypeal suture visible, straight. Eyes well developed ( Fig. 2 a), slightly protruding from head outline, suboval in lateral view; cranial surface slightly raised near anterior margin of eyes, dorsally surrounded by longer setae ( Fig. 2 b). Maxilla ( Figs. 2 d–g): cardo with numerous hair-like setae along posterior margin; basistipes triangular, with few longer setae; mediostipes trapezoidal, with few acuminate setae; lacinia slightly elongated, distally with rows of dense, apically curved setae; galea two-segmented, posterior segment distinctly long and narrow, with sparse long setae on outer margin and apical sensory field; maxillary palpus four-segmented, terminal segment longest and widest, truncate apically, with apical sensory field. Mandibles ( Figs. 2 h–k) short and wide, lateral lobe present, setose; prostheca sclerotized with row of setae anteriorly. Labium ( Figs. 2 l–p): mentum transverse, ca. 2.7 times as wide as long, setose; palpus three-segmented, slightly shorter than maxillary palpus, terminal segment robust, truncate apically, with apical sensory field; ligula wide, anterior margin straight, setose. Antennae ( Figs. 3 a–c) eleven segmented; scape long, curved, pedicel short, both setose; segments 3–11 forming club, nearly as long as scape and pedicel combined; segments 3–6 almost without seta, segments 7–10 with transverse stripes of flattened, blunt or semi-blunt setae on proximal side, terminal segment with same type of setae apically.

Thorax. Pronotum widest behind middle, PW: 0.96–1.01 mm, PL: 0.87–0.92 mm; disc convex, with lateral tubercles, admedian grooves and carinae ( Fig. 3 d); lateral margins slightly explanate, with sparse punctures, explanated portion wider anteriorly; anterior angles rounded, slightly protruding; posterior angles orthogonal. Hypomeron slightly narrowed posteriad, widened behind procoxa. Prosternal process narrow and long, about 1.7 times as long as prosternum in front of coxae, with apex rounded and mesal line raised ( Fig. 3 e). Surface of prosternum with sparse setigerous punctures. Mesoventrite short and wide ( Fig. 3 e); mesoventral cavity deep and wide. Metaventrite with a small depression anteriorly; discrimen thin, depressed from the anterior 1/4 to posterior margin; disc flat, lateral sides with sparse larger punctures and diagonal row of punctures directed from discrimen to metacoxa ( Fig. 3 g). Hind wings with similar venation as in P. aquaticus ( Hinton 1939, Fig. 71). Elytra ( Fig. 1 b) 2.14–2.28 mm long (EL), 1.26–1.35 mm wide (EW); subparallel in anterior 0.55, then tapering toward feebly produced apices; disc moderately convex, with very short and fine setae ( Fig. 3 f), posterior third and lateral margins strongly declivous; anterolateral portion rounded; epipleuron narrow, setose. Each elytron with ten rows of large deep punctures, striae 3 and 4 fused before apex. Scutellum flat, almost rounded ( Fig. 3 f). Legs moderately long, femora club-like, basally with longer setae ( Fig. 3 k); tibiae not flattened, front tibiae and hind tibiae with fringe of golden cleaning setae ( Fig. 3 j); tarsi setose, terminal tarsomere longest, claws well developed ( Figs. 3 h–i); metacoxae transverse, with distinct short transverse carina near base.

Abdomen ( Figs. 3 l–m). First ventrite with intercoxal process triangular, depressed; surface setose, punctured; lateral sides carinate, reaching posterior margin of ventrite; ventrites transverse, with convex lateral sides, ventrite 5 wide. Aedeagus ( Figs. 4 a–b, d) elongate, fibula absent, corona membranous; parameres nearly as long as median lobe, widest at the base, distal 2/3 narrow, subparallel, apices subacute; median lobe subparallel in basal 4/5, apical fifth narrowed with subacute apex (ventral view). Median lobe and parameres with sparse, fine spines; phallobase ca 3/4 length of median lobe, parallel-sided. Ovipositor ( Figs. 4 c, e) with terminal segment short, cylindrical; preterminal segment elongate ca. 6.3 times as long as terminal segment, bearing several small spines and sensilla; basal segment ca. 1.15 times as long as preterminal and distal segments combined.

Distribution. Phanoceroides fernandesi is known from several localities near Puerto Ayacucho, Cerro Cuao and Cerro Autana in the state of Amazonas in eastern Venezuela ( Fig. 8 ).

Habitat. Larvae and adults of P. fernandesi live submerged in fast flowing, small, forest-shaded streams about 1–5 m wide with large boulders (frequently covered with moss), submerged wood, roots and accumulated leaf packs ( Fig. 5 ). See CReAC database for additional Paul Spangler’s field notes and water quality information for the species (CReAC 2015).

Differential diagnosis. It is very easy to distinguish both species of Phanoceroides , P. fernandesi being more slender with a shining body surface ( Figs. 1 a–b), shorter fringe of cleaning setae on front tibiae, smooth lateral sides of pronotum and less developed punctures on mesoventrite. This species corresponds to Phanoceroides sp. 1 in Maier (2013).

Etymology. The new species was named after our friend and colleague André Silva Fernandés.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Habitus of Phanoceroides species: a) P. aquaticus Hinton, 1939; b) P. fernandesi sp. n.

FIGURE 2. SEM photos of Phanoceroides fernandesi sp. n.: a) head dorso-lateral view; b) upper margin of right eye; c) labrum; d) right maxilla, dorsal view; e) left maxilla, ventral view; f) galea, ventral view; g) galea, dorsal view; h) left mandible, dorsal view; i) prostheca; j) left mandible, inner basal angle; k) mandible, ventral condyle; l) labium; m) lateral sensilla of second segment of labial palp; n) ventral sensilla of second segment of labial palp; o – p) terminal segment of labial palp with sensory field.

FIGURE 3. SEM photos of Phanoceroides fernandesi sp. n.: a) left antenna; b – c) antennal club; d) pronotum; e) prosternum and mesoventrite; f) scutellum and elytral setae; g) punctures of metaventrite; h) protarsus; i) same, detail of claws and empodium; j) cleaning fringe of protibia; k) femur; l) abdomen, ventral view; m) abdomen, dorsal view; n – o) plastron setae on abdominal segments.

FIGURE 4. Phanoceroides fernandesi sp. n.: a) aedeagus dorsal view; b) aedeagus, ventral view; c) ovipositor; d) SEM photo of apex of penis; e) SEM photo of apex of ovipositor. Scale (a – c): 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 5. Type locality of Phanoceroides fernandesi sp. n., Caño Coromoto above Tobogan de la Selva camp site, near Puerto Ayacucho, Amazonas state, Venezuela.

FIGURE 8. Distribution map, showing collection localities of Phanoceroides fernandesi sp. n.