Helicopsychidae, Ulmer, 1906

Waringer, Johann, Malicky, Hans, Živić, Ivana & Vicentini, Heinrich, 2017, The larvae of the European Helicopsyche species (Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae), Zootaxa 4277 (4), pp. 561-572 : 568

Key to the European species of Helicopsychidae

1 Dorsal head capsule with more than 17 pairs of primary setae ( Figs. 30, 31 ); propleuron with sharply-angled dorsal outline, its anterior process cuneiform, straight dorsally, and strongly tapering ( Fig. 32 ); submentum broadly triangular, with rounded posterior edge ( Fig. 33 )................................................................... Helicopsyche bacescui

- Dorsal head capsule with only 17 pairs of primary setae ( Figs. 1 , 22 , 34 ); propleuron with sharply-angled or rounded dorsal outline; submentum trapezoidal ( Figs. 24 , 40 ) or triangular ( Figs. 4 , 37 )...........................................

2 Propleuron in lateral view with sharply-angled dorsal outline ( Figs. 27 , 39 ); submentum trapezoidal ( Figs. 24 , 40 )........ 3

- Propleuron in lateral view rounded dorsally ( Fig. 9 ); submentum triangular ( Figs. 4 , 37 )............................ 4

3 Propleural anterior process long, nearly straight, and digitate ( Fig. 39 ); submentum posterior edge nearly straight and only slightly narrower than anterior edge; anterior edge straight ( Fig. 40 )........................... Helicopsyche lusitanica

- Propleural anterior process short, curved anterad, and apically acute ( Fig. 27 ); submentum posterior edge rounded and much narrower than anterior edge; anterior edge convex ( Fig. 24 )................................... Helicopsyche revelieri

4 Propleural anterior process straight and tapering only apically ( Fig. 36 ); submentum broadly triangular, with blunt posterior tip ( Fig. 37 )............................................................................. Helicopsyche sperata

- Propleural anterior process curved anterad and gradually tapering throughout its length ( Fig. 9 , black arrow); submentum heart-shaped, with pointed posterior tip ( Fig. 4 )......................................... Helicopsyche megalochari

Figures

FIGURES 27 – 33. Helicopsyche spp., final instar larvae. 27 – 29, Helicopsyche revelieri McLachlan 1884: 27, left foreleg, anterior face; 28, empty case, dorsal; 29, larva in case, ventral. 30 – 33, Helicopsyche bacescui Orghidan & Botosaneanu 1953: 30, head, dorsal (small black numbers: setal positions # 12 – 14 and 17 on left parietal; black circles: additional setae between setal positions # 12 and 17); 31, head, right lateral (small white numbers: setal positions # 12 and 17 on right parietal; white arrows: additional setae between setal positions # 12 and 17); 32, right propleuron, right lateral; 33, head, ventral. Scale bars for Figs. 27, 30 – 33: 0.1 mm; scale bars for Figs. 28 – 29: 1 mm.

FIGURES 1 – 6. Helicopsyche megalochari Malicky 1974, final instar larva. 1, Head, dorsal (small white and black numbers: right setal positions # 1 – 17 on the frontoclypeus and the right parietal—for setal positions # 5, 15 and 16, only setal bases are visible, the setae are missing; white arrows: left dorsolateral carina). 2, Head, right dorsolateral (black arrow: right antenna; white arrows: right dorsolateral carina). 3, Head, right lateral. 4, Head, ventral. 5, Left mandible, dorsal. 6, Right mandible, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 22 – 26. Helicopsyche revelieri McLachlan 1884, final instar larva. 22, Head, dorsal. 23, Head, right lateral. 24, Head, ventral. 25, Thorax, dorsal. 26, Metanotum, dorsal (sa 1 – sa 3: setal areas 1 – 3). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 34 – 40. Helicopsyche spp. 34 – 37, Helicopsyche sperata McLachlan 1876 a, final instar larva: 34, head, dorsal; 35, head, right lateral; 36, right propleuron, right lateral; 37, head, ventral. 38, Collecting site where larvae of H. sperata were attached to the lower surfaces of stones several meters downstream of a spring outlet at Agra (Tessino, Switzerland). 39 – 40, Helicopsyche lusitanica McLachlan 1884, final instar larva (redrawn after Vieira-Lanero et al. 2001): 39, right propleuron, right lateral; 40, submentum, ventral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 7 – 14. Helicopsyche megalochari Malicky 1974, final instar larva. 7, Head, pro- and mesonota, dorsal. 8, Metanotum, dorsal (sa 1 – sa 3: setal areas 1 – 3; black arrow: gland opening). 9, Left foreleg, anterior face (black arrow: anterior process of propleuron). 10, Left midleg, anterior face. 11, Left hind leg, anterior face. 12, Abdominal segment I, right lateral. 13, Detail of right lateral line of abdominal segment VI showing 4 lamella-shaped setae. 14, Detail of right lateral line of abdominal segment VIII showing 11 tubercula. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.