Xiphentedon Risbec, 1957

Gumovsky, Alex, 2023, Revision of Xiphentedon Risbec, 1957 and Colpixys Waterston, 1916 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with descriptions of new species from the Afrotropics, European Journal of Taxonomy 905, pp. 1-83 : 26

Genus Xiphentedon Risbec, 1957

Xiphentedon Risbec, 1957: 150 .

Cederholmia Gumovsky, 1997: 26 (as a subgenus of Entedon ), syn. nov.

Type species

Xiphentedon kayovei Risbec, 1957 , by monotypy and original designation.

Diagnosis

Pronotum with lateral semicircular ridge under protruding shoulders ( Fig. 2F ); face with V-shaped frontal sutures; propodeum with Y- or V-shaped smooth or coriaceous median strip (not carina), lateral propodeal sulcus complete (except for X. acutigena sp. nov.) ( Figs 1D , 18C ); prosternum with protruding flange (often with pubescence on ventral side) ( Figs 22A , 27E–F , 36C–D ); mesopectus densely pubescent above mesofurcal pit; notauli poorly traced as shallow depressions ( Fig. 13C ); mesepisternum with weak, but mostly traceable epicnemial protrusion ( Fig. 22D , epp); axillula with indentated projection ( Figs 12F , 16C , 18D , 19G , 20F , 24G , 28B, D , 30D , 36F ); metascutellum mostly in shape of a narrow bar, barely visible in dorsal view (for example, Figs 1D , 14E , 18C–D , 19D , 21C ); gaster of males (when known) with pale sub-basal spot ( Figs 15C–D , 23F , 24A , 33F , 35C , 37G ); WIP with broad red or violetblue field along apical margin followed by narrow blue, green and violet stripes ( Figs 14B , 15B , 18B , 19C , 20C , 21B , 25A , 26B , 29B , 30B , 31C , 33H , 36B ); antenna of both sexes with three-segmented funicle and two-segmented clava (males: figs 15C–D, 21E, 23G, 29G, 33F, 35C, 37G–H).

Three species groups are recognized: kayovei, danielssoni and forceps (all proposed here).

Remarks

The subgenus Cederholmia of Entedon , described by Gumovsky (1997) for two African species, E. (C.) halli and E. (C.) danielssoni , was diagnosed by the propodeal median strip. The comparison of both species with X. kayovei , the type species of Xiphentedon , suggests their prospective close relationship and supports placement within the same taxon. Since Xiphentedon is considered here to be a valid genus, Cederholmia is considered a junior synonym, with consequent new combinations of both its species.

Biology

The only available host record (for X. neserorum sp. nov.) concerns a leaf rolling weevil (Curculionoidea): perhaps either a curculionid or brentid.

Distribution

Afrotropical region: wide range of sub-Saharan countries.

Figures

Fig. 2. A–C. Entedon sparetus Walker, 1839, ♀ (reared from Gymnetron asellus (Gravenhorst, 1807)) (used for SEM). A. Head and mesosoma. B. Enlarged area in frame on Fig. A. C. Orifices enlarged. D. E. diotimus Walker, 1839, ♀, plica on lateral panel of pronotum (used for SEM). E–F. Lateral panel of pronotum. E. Colpixys necator Waterson, 1916, ♀ (NHMUK). F. Xiphentedon neserorum sp. nov., ♀ (paratype, NHMUK). Abbreviations: lpl = lateral pronotal plica; or = orifices; psh = lateral pronotal shoulder.

Fig. 1. Propodeum. A. Entedon sylvestris Szelényi, 1981, ♀ (used for SEM). B. Entedon crassiscapus Erdös, 1944, ♀ (used for SEM). C. Entedon magnificus (Girault & Dodd, 1913), ♀ (SANC). D. Xiphentedon neserorum sp. nov., ♀ (used for SEM). E. Pediobius ropalidiae (Risbec, 1958), ♀ (paratype, MRAC). F. Colpixys gigas Bouček, 1972, ♀ (paratype, NHMUK). Abbreviations: lc = lateral channel on sides of median carina; lp = lateral plica; ls = lateral sulcus of propodeum; mc = median carina; mf = median furrow; msc = metascutellum; mstr = median strip; smc = submedian carinae; spt = spiracular tubercle on propodeum.

Fig. 18. Xiphentedon musimba sp. nov., ♀, holotype (DRC; MRAC). A–B. Habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Dorso-lateral view. C. Propodeum. D. Posterior mesosoma in dorso-lateral view (axillula is arrowed). E. Face. F. Head in dorsal view.

Fig. 22. Xiphentedon danielssoni (Gumovsky, 1997) comb. nov. A–D. ♀, paratype (RSA; MZLU). E–F. ♀, from DRC (Mongbwalu; SIZK). A–B. Head and prothorax. A. Fronto-ventral view. B. Lateral view; pedicel and anelli in inset (B). C–D. Mesosoma.E. Habitus.F. Head in dorsal view.Abbreviations: epp = mesepisternal projection; lep = lower mesepimeron.

Fig. 27. Xiphentedon wieringai sp. nov., ♀, holotype (Gabon; RMNH). A, C, F. Head in dorsal (A) and frontal (C, F) views. B. Head, mesosoma and anterior part of metasoma. D. Propodeum and petiole. E. Mesosoma, ventral view. The flange on the arc of the prosternum is arrowed in E–F.

Fig. 36. Xiphentedon gerardi sp. nov., ♀, paratype (Benin; CIRAD). A. Head and mesosoma in ventral view. B. Wings, WIP. C–D. Lower face and prothorax, ventral view, the flange on the arc of the prosternum is arrowed. E. Mesoscutellum and propodeum. F. Axillula.

Fig. 13. Xiphentedon kayovei Risbec, 1957. A–D. ♀, holotype (Rwanda; MRAC). E–F. ♂ (Rwanda; MRAC). A, E. Habitus in lateral view. B. Head enlarged. C. Head and mesosoma in dorsal view. D. Part of mesosoma in lateral view, axillula is arrowed and is shown in inset. F. Head in frontal view.

Fig. 12. Xiphentedon kayovei Risbec, 1957. A–B. ♀, holotype (Rwanda; MRAC). C–F. ♂ (Rwanda; MRAC). A, C. Habitus in lateral view. B. Head in frontal view. D, F. Axillula. E. Propodeum.

Fig. 16. Xiphentedon neserorum sp. nov., ♀ (RSA; NHMUK). A. Head in latero-dorsal view. B. Head in frontal view. C. Axillula. D. Meso- and metasoma.

Fig. 19. Xiphentedon simoni sp. nov. ♀, holotype (Tanzania; SAMC). A–B. Habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Dorso-lateral view. C. Fore wing, WIP. D. Mesosoma. E–F. Head. E. Dorsal view. F. Frontal view. G. Posterior part of mesosoma, the axillula is arrowed.

Fig. 20. Xiphentedon dewittei sp. nov., ♀, holotype (DRC; MRAC). A–B. Habitus. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Fore wing, WIP. D. Head and anterior part of mesosoma. E. Propodeum. F. Part of mesosoma (axillula is arrowed).

Fig. 24.Xiphentedon jeanyvesi sp.nov.A–B.♂,holotype (Tanzania; CBGP).C–H. ♀, paratype (Tanzania; CBGP). A, C. Habitus. B. Mesosoma. D (and insets A, C). Head in dorsal view. E, H. Propodeum. F. Posterior part of mesosoma; the axillula is arrowed. G. Axillula.

Fig. 28. Xiphentedon wieringai sp. nov. A–B. ♀, holotype (Gabon; RMNH). C–D. ♀, ‘FCI’ specimen (CBGP). A, C. Propodeum (arrows indicate axillula). B, D. Axillula.

Fig. 30. Xiphentedon palabora sp. nov., ♀, holotype (RSA; SAMC). A–C. Habitus, in lateral (A), dorsolateral (B) and dorsal (C) views. D. Part of mesosoma, the axillula is arrowed. E. Mesosoma and anterior part of metasoma. F. Head in frontal view. G. Head and anterior part of mesosoma in fronto-lateral view.

Fig. 14. Xiphentedon kayovei Risbec, 1957, ♀ (Rwanda; MRAC). A–B. Habitus in lateral view. C. Habitus in dorsal view.D. Head and mesosoma.E. Propodeum.F–G. Head in frontal view.F. General view. G. Lower face enlarged.

Fig. 21. Xiphentedon danielssoni (Gumovsky, 1997) comb. nov., paratypes (RSA; MZLU). A–C. ♀. D–E. ♂. A–B, D. Habitus in lateral view. C. Mesosoma. E. Head and anterior part of mesosoma.

Fig. 15. Xiphentedon neserorum sp. nov., paratypes (RSA; SANC). A–B. ♀, habitus. C–D. ♂, habitus.

Fig. 23. Xiphentedon danielssoni (Gumovsky, 1997), comb. nov., line drawings from Gumovsky (1997). A–E. ♀. F–J. ♂. A, F. Habitus. C, I. Head in dorsal view. B, H. Head in frontal view. D, J. Head in fronto-dorsal view. E. Head in lateral view. G. Antenna.

Fig. 33. A–B. Xiphentedon forceps sp. nov. A–D, H. ♀, holotype (Ivory Coast; CBGP). E. ♀, paratype (Ivory Coast; CBGP). F. ♂, paratype (Ivory Coast; CBGP). A, C, F. Habitus in lateral (A) and dorsal (C, F) views. B. Mesosoma in lateral view, the axillula is arrowed. D. Propodeum. E. Head in frontal view. G. Wings, WIP.

Fig. 35. Xiphentedon gerardi sp. nov. A–B, D. ♀, holotype (Benin; MNHN). C, E. ♂, paratype (RSA; SANC). F. ♀, paratype (DRC; MRAC). A, C, F. Habitus. B, D. Mesosoma in lateral (B: the axillular projection is arrowed) and dorsal (D) views. E. Head and anterior part of mesosoma, fronto-lateral view.

Fig. 37. Xiphentedon acutigena sp. nov. A–B. ♀, holotype (Ivory Coast; CBGP). C–E. ♀♀, paratypes from Tanzania (C–D; CBGP) and RSA (E; SANC). F–H. ♂♂, paratypes from DRC (F; MRAC) and from RSA (G–H; NHMUK). A, C, G. Habitus (inset C: axilla). B, D. Mesosoma and petiole. E–F. Face, the genal spike is arrowed. H. Head.

Fig. 25. Xiphentedon jeanyvesi sp. nov., ♀, from CAR (SAM-HYM-P065301). A–C. Habitus. A. Fronto-dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Dorsal view. D. Mesosoma and posterior part of metasoma. E. Mesosoma in lateral view; the axillula is arrowed.

Fig. 26. Xiphentedon wieringai sp. nov. A–B. ♀, holotype (Gabon; RMNH). C–F. ♀, paratypes (CAR; SAMC). A–D. Habitus in lateral (A, D), dorsal (B) and dorso-lateral (C) views. E. Propodeum. F. Mesosoma in dorso-lateral view; the axillula is arrowed.

Fig. 29. Xiphentedon kivuensis sp. nov. A–F. ♀, holotype (DRC; MRAC). A–B. Habitus in lateral view. C. Head and anterior part of mesosoma. D. Head in dorsal view. E. Mesosoma in dorso-lateral view. F. Propodeum. G–H. ♂, paratype (DRC; MRAC). G. Habitus in lateral view. H. Posterior part of mesosoma. The axillula is arrowed in E and H, and shown in inset in E.

Fig. 31. Xiphentedon sangha sp. nov., ♀, holotype (CAR; SAM-HYM-P067745). A–C. Habitus in dorsal view. D–E. Head in frontal (D) and dorsal (E) views. F. Mesosoma, dorso-lateral view, the axillula is arrowed.