Scymnomorphus Weise, 1897

Wang, Xingmin & Ren, Shunxiang, 2012, A review of Chinese Scymnomorphus Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with description of five new species, Journal of Natural History 46 (31 - 32), pp. 1905-1920 : 1906-1907

Genus Scymnomorphus Weise

Scymnomorphus Weise 1897: 303 . Type species, designated by Pope (1962: 628): Scymnomorphus rotundatus Weise 1897 (Africa) ; Ślipiński and Tomaszewska, 2005: 380; Kovář, 2007: 572; Escalona and Ślipiński, 2012: 152.

Scotoscymnus Weise, 1901: 458 (unnecessary replacement name); Gordon, 1977: 189; Fürsch, 1985: 283; Miyatake, 1994: 235; Ren et al., 2009: 44.

Sukunahikona Kamiya, 1960: 22 . Type species by original designation: Sukunahikona japonica Kamiya 1960 . Synonymized by Fürsch (1985: 283).

Hikonasukuna Sasaji, 1967: 4 . Type species Hikonasukuna monticola Sasaji, 1967 . Fürsch, 1985: 287. Synonymized by Escalona and Ślipiński, 2012: 152.

Orculus Sicard, 1931: 233 . Type species Orculus castaneus Sicard, 1931 (monotypy). Fürsch, 1985: 289. Synonymized by Escalona and Ślipiński, 2012: 152.

Diagnosis description

Body minute and oval, distinctly convex; dorsum pubescent ( Figure 2 ). Head transverse; small; clypeal and frontal regions usually prominent, sometimes rostrate ( Figure 1A ). Eyes small and convex, coarsely faceted. Antenna 10-segmented, with a distinct two-segmented club ( Figure 1C ). Terminal palpomere elongate-conical ( Figure 1D ). Pronotum always with distinct line or ridge separating anterior corners from pronotal disc, sometimes extending along lateral edge. Elytra with lateral margin slightly flared or with distinct flat ridge. Elytral punctures at least along suture in apparent rows; epipleuron narrow, incomplete apically, without cavities. Prosternum strongly reduced and narrow, prosternal process reduced to a narrow carina ( Figure 1E ). Mesoventrite small and transverse between middle coxae; about three times as wide as long. Metaventrite broad and elevated, always strongly and densely punctured. Abdomen with six visible ventrites. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete or reaching lateral margin, divided into two lines, usually with associated pits and pores ( Figure 1F ). Tarsi four-segmented ( Figures 1G, H ). Male genitalia asymmetrical; parameres reduced or absent ( Figure 3B–E ). Female genitalia: ovipositor triangular elongate, lightly sclerotized bearing short styli; spermatheca composed of two or more than two round areas ( Figure 1I ).

Distribution

China, Oriental region, Africa, Australia, Central America, Madagascar.

Key to the species of Scymnomorphus from China

1. Body uniformly yellowish brown, or brown, or dark brown............... 2 Body yellowish brown, with dark areas................................... 7

2. Body elongate oval; abdominal postcoxal line incomplete, reaching lateral margin and bulging out in middle, divided into two lines. TL: 1.25 mm, TW: 0.83 mm ........................................... S. yadongensis sp. nov. Body short oval; abdominal postcoxal line incomplete, reaching lateral margin smoothly, divided into two lines......................................... 3

3. Elytron with large punctures............................................ 4 Elytron with fine punctures.............................................. 5

4. Hind wing absent; Abdominal ventrite 3–5 without large punctures. TL: 0.94 mm, TW: 0.73 mm ............................... S. monticola (Sasaji) Hind wing developed; Abdominal ventrite 3–5 with six large punctures forming two rows. TL: 1.04 mm, TW: 0.76 mm ....... S. magnopunctatus sp. nov.

5. Penis guide quadrate and elongate in lateral view, more than three times as long as wide............................................................ 6 Penis guide short and stout in lateral view, less than three times as long as wide. TL: 1.28–1.38 mm, TW: 0.8–0.96 mm ........... S. cuspidatus sp. nov.

6. Penis guide in lateral view elongate, flattened and quadrate, six times as long as wide. TL: 1.38–1.46 mm, TW: 1.04–1.09 mm ....... S. isolateralis sp. nov. Penis guide in lateral view flattened and quadrate, three times as long as wide. TL: 1.00– 1.08 mm, TW: 0.75–0.80 mm ................ S. japonicus (Reitter)

7. Body yellowish brown, with sutural area reddish brown. TL: 1.02 mm, TW: 0.78 mm ....................................... S. xiaomengyangus sp. nov. Head and prothorax dark red or reddish brown, elytra black or dark brown with a blackish suture. TL: 0.95–1.10 mm, TW: 0.75–0.85 m ....................................................................... S. bicolor (Kamiya)

Figures

Figure 1. Scymnomorphus isolateralis sp. nov. (A) head frontal view, (B) mandible, (C) antenna, (D) maxilla, (E) prothorax, (F) abdomen, (G) hind leg, (H) tarsi, (I) female genitalia. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 2. (A) Scymnomorphus isolateralis sp. nov., (B) Scymnomorphus japonicus (Kamiya), (C) Scymnomorphus magnopunctatus sp. nov., (D) Scymnomorphus cuspidatus sp. nov., (E) Scymnomorphus yadongensis sp. nov., (F) Scymnomorphus xiaomengyangus sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 3. Scymnomorphus isolateralis sp. nov., (A) abdomen; (B–E) male genitalia: (B) penis, (C) apex of penis, (D) tegmen, lateral view, (E) tegmen, ventral view; (F–J) Scymnomorphus japonicus (Reitter), (F) abdomen; (G–J) male genitalia: (G) penis; (H) apex of penis; (I) tegmen, lateral view; (J) tegmen, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.