Zatypota elegans Matsumoto

Matsumoto, Rikio & Takasuka, Keizo, 2010, A revision of the genus Zatypota Förster of Japan, with descriptions of nine new species and notes on their hosts (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae), Zootaxa 2522, pp. 1-43 : 22-26

Zatypota elegans Matsumoto , sp. nov.

Female. Head ( Figs 6 , 19 ). Flagellum with 21–22 segments; frons impunctate and polished; face and clypeus almost impunctate, polished moderately covered with pubescence, the former weakly separated from the latter by a shallow supraclypeal suture, slightly convex in lateral view; face between antennal socket and supraclypeal suture about 1.3–1.4 x its minimum width between eyes, with a pair of very shallow vertical furrows arising from supraclypeal suture; clypeus 2.0 x as wide as its length, with apical margin rounded and weakly truncate medially; eye bare, its inner margin almost straight to slightly convergent downward; ocelli of moderate size, eye remote from lateral ocellus by maximum diameter of the latter or a little more; mandible slightly twisted, with the lower tooth located a little inward, with upper tooth much longer than the lower, moderately tapered, about 0.6 x as wide as the basal width at the middle, outer face of mandible with some rather long pubescence; palpi formula 4: 3; malar space about 0.6–0.8 x basal width of mandible, weakly granulate between lower end of eye and upper end of mandible base; hypostomal carina very narrowly lamellate between the lower articulation of mandible and junction of occipital and hypostomal carinae; vertex with inter-ocellar area weakly raised; outline of gena behind eye almost straight anteriorly and moderately rounded posteriorly in dorsal view; occipital carina complete throughout, in dorsal view moderately bowed forward.

Mesosoma . Pronotum ( Figs 31 , 43 ) with anterior margin weakly reflexed and thickened, mediodorsally produced into a backwardly directed tooth, a dorsomedian bridge connects it with hind margin, lateral face polished, with epomia straight and distinct, upper end of epomia a little remote from upper margin of pronotum and lower part extend downward to reach lower margin; mesoscutum in front of scuto-scutellar groove 1.1 x as long as wide in dorsal view, bare and polished all over, moderately convex in lateral view, with distinct almost straight notauli converging to a shallow hollow located at the middle of mesoscutum; mesopleuron ( Fig. 55 ) with a distinct somewhat sinuate epicnemial carina, its upper end surpassing the level of lower corner of pronotum and rather far from posterior margin of pronotum, almost impunctate, bare and polished laterally, densely covered with pubescence ventrally, with a short but distinct groove below speculum; mesopleural suture very weakly foveorate; scutellum convex; propodeum ( Figs 67 , 79 ) with rather dense pubescence anteriorly and laterally; areas basalis and superomedia, and areas posterialis and posteroexterna fused respectively, carinae delimiting these combined areas distinct; lateral longitudinal carina indistinct anteriorly; pleural carina complete; propodeal spiracle touching pleural carina; metapleuron ( Fig. 79 ) moderately covered with pubescence; submetapleural carina complete, strong with no expansion anteriorly.

Wings. Fore wing ( Fig. 91 ) with vein Rs+M basad of cu-a by 2 x the width of the vein, 2rs-m about 0.2 x the length of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu; vein cu-a moderately inclivous; vein Cu1a separated from 1m-cu by the length of Cu1b. Hind wing ( Fig. 103 ) with vein M+ Cu moderately bowed; distal abscissa of Cu absent; vein cu-a weakly inclivous to vein 1A.

Legs. Legs relatively slender; fore femur 4.5–5.5 x as long as maximum width; hind femur 5.0–5.9 x as long as maximum width: hind tibia 10.0–10.5 x as long as apical width; first tarsal segment of hind leg a little shorter than second and third segments combined; fifth segment as long as the third.

Metasoma ( Fig. 115 ). T1 irregularly strigose, with pair of posterolateral oblique impressions, with dorsomedian longitudinal carina extending to 0.8 of its length and moderately convergent anteriorly and parallel posteriorly in dorsal view; dorsolateral longitudinal carina reaching to spiracle of T1 and indistinct posteriorly; T2 with very sharply impressed anterolateral and posterolateral oblique grooves, the former is deeper and broader; these grooves delimiting a central evenly convex smooth rhombic area, furnished with very short, dense and distinct longitudinal ridges on them; area behind postero-lateral oblique groove smooth; T3–5 similar to T2, with anterior oblique groove more transverse, making the central areas triangular; T6 with faint posterolateral oblique groove; T1 1.3–1.4 x as long as apical width; T2 0.9 x as long as T1 and 0.7– 0.8 x as long as apical width. Ovipositor projecting beyond apex of metasoma by 0.45 x length of hind tibia, straight; upper valve of ovipositor weakly thickened at a little behind the middle, tapered to sharp point; lower valve moderately thickened sub-basally and medially, then tapered to very sharp point.

Coloration. Head mostly ivory with central part of frons, occiput and upper two thirds of gena black; upper end of yellowish white stripe of frontal orbit extend backwards behind lateral ocellus, somewhat broadened posteriorly. Flagellum blackish brown, pedicel and scape whitish below. Mesosoma black, with propleuron and ventro-lateral margin of pronotum, postero-dorsal corner of pronotum, tegula, subalar prominence and mesepimeron yellowish white; median lobe of mesoscutum with pair of yellowish white markings laterally; anterolateral area of lateral lobe of mesoscutum with yellowish white markings; mesoscutum broadly reddish brown between median lobe and scutellum; upper and posterior parts of mesopleuron reddish brown, with extreme margin darkened; scutellum whitish yellow. Legs white slightly tinged with brown; coxa, trochanter, trochantellus and basal half of femur of fore and mid leg ivory; hind coxa darker ventrally; hind femur whitish sub basally and apically; basal 0.2 and apical 0.4 of hind tibia dark brown; each tarsal segments darkened apically. Wings hyaline, pterostigma brown. Metasomal tergites dark brown to black; T3–5 with median area defined by antero-lateral and postero-lateral oblique grooves mostly yellowish white. Ovipositor brown, sheath black.

Length. Fore wing 3.2–3.6 mm.

Male. Similar to female; flagellum with 20 segments; legs stouter than in Ψ, hind femur 4.0–4.1 x as long as maximum width.

Length. Fore wing 3.0– 3.4 mm.

Cocoon ( Fig. 133 ). White to milky, sub-cylindrical, rather densely spun, with somewhat irregular whorls of looser silk on its surface, with a distinct caudal hole; silk whorls of field collected cocoon somewhat brownish, those of reared specimens tinged with yellow. The cap of cocoon is cut off circularly by adult female on its emergence.

Variation. Palpi formula 5: 3 in one paratype female. Paratype specimens more reddish, with following parts reddish brown to light brown: pronotum, mesoscutum mostly, mesopleuron, propodeum laterally metapleuron and metasomal tergites. median rhombic area of T2 yellowish white.

Host. Platnickina sterninotata (Böesenberg & Strand) (Theridiidae) .

Biological notes. Winter is passed in a stage of early larva on dorso-lateral surface at the base of host spider abdomen ( Fig. 132 ). Overwintered larva matures early in spring and spins a cocoon on the tree trunk in April. As cocoons were collected in June and September in the field, there seem to be two or more generations a year.

Comments. This species resembles Z. alborhombata (Davis) and Z. fonsecai Gauld from Central America in having face and clypeus entirely whitish and having the upper end of the frontal orbital whitish stripe extended back beyond the ocelli. From these species Z. elegans can be distinguished by lack of dark marking on the hind femur (blackish basal ring and outer longitudinal stripe present in Z. alborhombata and Z. fonsecai ), pair of deep, oblique groove of T1–5 with many longitudinal minute ridges on them (grooves weak on T4–5 and at most with weak ridges on the groove on T1&2), strigose T1 and smooth T2 (T1–2 weakly coriaceous). From all other Japanese species of the genus this species can be separated entirely whitish face and clypeus.

The host spider, P. sterminotata is supposed to form no web to catch prey and to wonder for other spiders unlike that other hosts of the genus forming an irregular three-dimensional web. It intrudes webs of Theridiidae , Linyphidae and Araneidae and attacks the owner.

Etymology. The specific name refers to beautiful coloration of body.

Distribution records. Japan: Honshu.

Specimens examined. Type series (All reared specimens were from P. sterminotata ). Holotype Ψ, 12.III.2007 (early instar larva on host, cocooned 30.III., emer. 10.IV.), Yata-cho (34°39’46”N, 135°44’04”E, (WGS 84), 230m a.s.l.), Yamato-Kouriyama, Nara Pref., Japan, (R.Matsumoto), [OMNH, TI-393]. Paratypes: [Honshu] 1ɗ, 13.V.2007 (cocoon, emer. 19.V.), Aobayama, Maizuru, Kyoto Pref., (R.M.); 1ɗ, 24.IV.2010 (cocoon, emer. 3.V.), Arimafuji, Sanda, Hyogo Pref., (R.M.); 1ɗ2ΨΨ, 26.IV.2010 (cocoon, emer. 1– 5.V.), Obuchi-ike, Nara, Nara Pref., (R.M.); 1ɗ, 21.III.2007 (larva on host, cocooned 30. III., emer. 13.IV.), same locality as holotype, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 16.IV.2007 (larva on host, emer. 29.IV.), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ, 9.III.2008 (larva on host, cocooned 22. III., emer. 1.IV.), same locality, (R.M.); 2ɗ, 30.IV.2008 (cocoon, emer.

3– 5.V.), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ, 6.VI.2008 (cocoon, emer. 10.VI.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 29.IV.2009 (cocoon, emer. 4.V.), same locality, (R.M.) (BMNH); 1ɗ2ΨΨ, 2.V.2009 (cocoon, emer. 8– 11.V.) same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ, 22.X.2009, same locality, (R.M.) (BMNH); 1ɗ, 6.V.2007 (cocoon, emer. 11.V.), Iimoriyama, Shijonawate, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 1ɗ, 6.V.2009 (cocoon, emer. 11.V.), Tawaraguchi-cho, Ikoma, Nara Pref., (R.M.); 1ɗ, 29.IV.2009 (cocoon, emer. 4.V.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 28.IX.2007 (cocoon, emer. 4.X.), Kuragari-touge, Higashiosaka, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 2ΨΨ, 8.V.2008 (cocoon, emer. 14–15.V.), Higashitoyoura-cho, Higashiosaka, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 2ɗɗ, 1.V.2009 (cocoon, emer. 10.V.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 18.VI.2006 (cocoon, emer. 23.VI.), Mikusayama, Nose, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 2ɗɗ, 24.III.2008 (larva on host, cocooned 3. IV., emer. 12–14.IV.), Satsukiyama, Ikeda, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 1ɗ2ΨΨ, 6.II.2009 (larva on host, cocooned 24-26.II., emer. 5– 9.III.), 1Ψ, 19.V.2009 (cocoon, emer. 22.V.), Okuina, Inagawa, Hyogo, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 2.II.2009 (larva on host, cocooned 24.II., emer. 7.III.), Futatabisan, Kobe, Hyogo, (R.M.).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 13. Scanning electon micrography of head of Zatypota spp. (female) in anterior view (1 – 12) and lateral aspect (13). 1, Z. albicoxa; 2, Z. baragi (paratype); 3, Z. brachycera (paratype); 4, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 5, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 6, Z. elegans (paratype); 7, Z. grachilipes; 8, Z. maculata (paratype); 9, Z. percontatoria; 10, Z. sulcata (paratype); 11, Z. takayu (paratype); 12, Z. yambar (paratype); 13, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 14 – 25. Scanning electron micrography of head of Zatypota spp. (female) in posterior view. 14, Z. albicoxa; 15, Z. baragi (paratype); 16, Z. brachycera (paratype); 17, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 18, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 19, Z. elegans (paratype); 20, Z. grachilipes; 21, Z. maculata (paratype); 22, Z. percontatoria; 23, Z. sulcata (paratype); 24, Z. takayu (paratype); 25, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 26 – 37. Scanning electron micrography of pronotum and anterior part of mesoscutum of Zatypota spp (female) in dorsal aspect. 26, Z. albicoxa; 27, Z. baragi (paratype); 28, Z. brachycera (paratype); 29, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 30, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 31, Z. elegans (paratype); 32, Z. grachilipes; 33, Z. maculata (paratype); 34, Z. percontatoria; 35, Z. sulcata (paratype); 36, Z. takayu (paratype); 37, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 38 – 49. Scanning electron micrography of pronotum of Zatypota spp (female) in lateral view. 38, Z. albicoxa; 39, Z. baragi (paratype); 40, Z. brachycera (paratype); 41, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 42, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 43, Z. elegans (paratype); 44, Z. grachilipes; 45, Z. maculata (paratype); 46, Z. percontatoria; 47, Z. sulcata (paratype); 48, Z. takayu (paratype); 49, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 50 – 61. Scanning electron micrography of mesopleuron of Zatypota spp (female) in lateral view. 50, Z. albicoxa; 51, Z. baragi (paratype); 52, Z. brachycera (paratype); 53, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 54, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 55, Z. elegans (paratype); 56, Z. grachilipes; 57, Z. maculata (paratype); 58, Z. percontatoria; 59, Z. sulcata (paratype); 60, Z. takayu (paratype); 61, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 62 – 73. Scanning electron micrography of propodeum of Zatypota spp (female) in dorsal view. 62, Z. albicoxa; 63, Z. baragi (paratype); 64, Z. brachycera (paratype); 65, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 66, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 67, Z. elegans (paratype); 68, Z. grachilipes; 69, Z. maculata (paratype); 70, Z. percontatoria; 71, Z. sulcata (paratype); 72, Z. takayu (paratype); 73, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 74 – 85. Scanning electron micrography of propodeum and metapleuron of Zatypota spp (female) in lateral view. 74, Z. albicoxa; 75, Z. baragi (paratype); 76, Z. brachycera (paratype); 77, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 78, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 79, Z. elegans (paratype); 80, Z. grachilipes; 81, Z. maculata (paratype); 82, Z. percontatoria; 83, Z. sulcata (paratype); 84, Z. takayu (paratype); 85, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 86 – 97. Fore wings of of Zatypota spp (female). 86, Z. albicoxa; 87, Z. baragi (paratype); 88, Z. brachycera (paratype); 89, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 90, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 91, Z. elegans (paratype); 92, Z. grachilipes; 93, Z. maculata (paratype); 94, Z. percontatoria; 95, Z. sulcata (paratype); 96, Z. takayu (paratype); 97, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 98 – 109. Hind wings of of Zatypota spp (female). 98, Z. albicoxa; 99, Z. baragi (paratype); 100, Z. brachycera (paratype); 101, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 102, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 103, Z. elegans (paratype); 104, Z. grachilipes; 105, Z. maculata (paratype); 106, Z. percontatoria; 107, Z. sulcata (paratype); 108, Z. takayu (paratype); 109, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 110 – 121. Scanning electron micrography of first and second metasomal tergite of Zatypota spp (female). 110, Z. albicoxa; 111, Z. baragi (paratype); 112, Z. brachycera (paratype); 113, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 114, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 115, Z. elegans (paratype); 116, Z. grachilipes; 117, Z. maculata (paratype); 118, Z. percontatoria; 119, Z. sulcata (paratype); 120, Z. takayu (paratype); 121, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 122 – 141. Host spider, larva and cocoon of Zatypota spp. 122 – 123, Z. albicoxa; 124 – 125, Z. baragi; 126 – 127, Z. brachycera; 128 – 129, Z. chryssophaga; 130 – 131, Z. dendrobia; 132 – 133, Z. elegans; 134 – 135, Z. maculata; 136 – 137, Z. percontatoria; 138 – 139, Z. sulcata; 140 – 141, Z. takayu.