Pentaceros Cuvier, 1829

Kim, Seong-Yong, 2012, 3366, Zootaxa 3366, pp. 1-111 : 94

Genus Pentaceros Cuvier, 1829

( Fig. 76)

Pentaceros Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829: 30 (type species:

Pentaceros capensis Cuvier, 1829 ).

Pseudopentaceros Smith, 1844 : unnumbered (type species: Pentaceros richardsoni Smith, 1844 ) [junior synonym of Pentaceros Cuvier, 1829 ].

Diagnosis. Subocular shelf present on second infraorbital; subocular shelf present on fourth infraorbital; posteroventral margin of fourth infraorbital sutured with preopercle; subocular shelf present on fifth infraorbital; fifth infraorbital firmly attached to sphenotic; nasal bone firmly attached to ethmoid posteromedially; ethmoid projection blunt; ethmoid-maxillary ligament connected with ventral surface of nasal; preopercular sensory canal mostly covered by wide bridges; interopercle thin; ventral margin of interopercle concave; supratemporal firmly attached to neurocranium; supratemporal wide and disk like; mid-lateral corner of pelvic bone having processes connected, forming a small penetrated pore interlocked with ring-like structure of pelvic spine; base of anterior edge of anterior dorsal spines, except for first spine, serrated; parhypurapophysis robust; cheek scales scute-like and is firmly attached to skin; many exposed tubercles present on dentary, anguloarticular, nasal, lateral ethmoid, parietal, posttemporal, and opercle.

Remarks. Pentaceros contains six species, Pentaceros capensis ( Cuvier 1829) (= type species), P. decacanthus ( Günther, 1859) , P. japonicus (Döderlein in Steindachner and Döderlein, 1883), P. quinquespinis ( Parin and Kotlyar, 1988) , P. richardsoni (Smith, 1844) and P. wheeleri (Hardy, 1983) . Among them, P. richardsoni and P. wheeleri have been previously included in the genus Pseudopentaceros , which is synonymous with Pentaceros in this study. This genus is easily separable from other genera due to their lack of the vomerine tooth.