Cuphea antisyphilitica Kunth (1824: 202)

Facco, Marlon Garlet & Cavalcanti, Taciana Barbosa, 2023, Taxonomic Revision of Cuphea sect. Trispermum s. l. (Lythraceae), Phytotaxa 588 (1), pp. 1921-1935 : 1921-1935

2. Cuphea antisyphilitica Kunth (1824: 202) .

Lectotype (first step designated by Lourteig 1987: 27 , second step lectotypification here designated):—[ COLOMBIA or VENEZUELA]. Specific locality unknown, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. ( P [00679424] image!, isolectotypes B, F [fragm.] image!, P p.p. [01901590] image!). Figs. 6F–K , 17 .

Cuphea acutissima Saint-Hilaire (1833: 105) . Lectotype (first step designated by Lourteig 1987: 29, second step lectotypification here designated):— BRAZIL. S ã o Paulo: “Lieux sablonneux près la fasenda d’Araracoara [probably Cajuru municipality, approx. - 21.256, -47.296] province de S. Paul bords de la route qui conduit à la ville du même nom”, October [1819], Saint-Hilaire C1 1008 (P [01901580] image!, isolectotypes MPU image!, P [01901581] image!).

Cuphea antisyphilitica var. acutifolia Bentham (1840: 316) . Lectotype (designated by Lourteig 1987: 29):—[ GUYANA]. Moist savannahs of the Upper Rupunoony [Rupununi river, approx. 2.366, -59.450], [1830?], Schomburgk s.n. (K [000533016] image!, isolectotype KFTA image!), syn. nov.

Cuphea antisyphilitica f. gracillima Koehne (1877:285) . Lectotype (first step designated by Lourteig 1987:29, second step lectotypification here designated):— BRAZIL. [Goiás]: “Boccaina”, [1819], Pohl 2463 = D978 (W [0068313] image!, isolectotypes K [2 sheets] image!, W [0068314] image!).

Cuphea antisyphilitica f. subhirsuta Koehne (1900: 158) . Lectotype (here designated):— COLOMBIA. Cauca: Highlands of Popayan, 1600–2000 m, Lehmann 7332 (K [000533160] image!, isolectotype F image!).

Cuphea apurensis Lourteig (1996: 31) . Type:— VENEZUELA. Apure: Dtto. Muñoz, Hato “El Polvero”, 79 km al S de Elorza , sabanas de banco adyacentes al caño Cicature (afluente del alto Rio Cinaruco ), 80 m, 06°38’N, 69°37’W, 28 April 1987, Aymard, Schargel & Balen 5648 (holotype MO [4074333] image!, isotype PORT image!), syn. nov.

Cuphea callosa Bacigalupi (1931: 18) . Type:— COLOMBIA. Santander: marshy soil on the northern slope of the Mesa de los Santos , alt. 1000–1500 meters, eastern Cordillera , 11–15 December 1926, Killip & Smith 15032 (holotype GH [00068435] image!, isotypes NY image!, US image!).

Cuphea glauca Pohl ex Koehne (1877: 288) . Cuphea glauca f. strigosa Koehne (1877: 288) . Lectotype (here designated):— BRAZIL. [Tocantins]: “Rio Reason”, [1819], Pohl 2281 = D981 (W [0022505] image!, isolectotypes K [2 sheets] image!, M image!, W [0068369] image!), syn. nov.

Cuphea glauca f. hirsuta Koehne (1877: 288) . Lectotype (here designated):— BRAZIL. Piauí: [Cajazeira], August 1839, Gardner 2582 (W [0068370] image!, isolectotypes F image!, K [2 sheets] image!, NY [2 sheets] image!, OXF image!, P [3 sheets] image!, W [11014] image!), syn. nov.

Cuphea impexa Koehne (1903: 143) . Lectotype (designated by Lourteig 1987: 31):— BRAZIL. [Piauí, border with Bahia]: “Marshy place Serra da Batalha”, September 1839, Gardner 2844 (K [000533080] image!, isolectotypes K p.p. [000533081] image!, OXF image!).

Cuphea melampyrifolia Pohl ex Koehne (1877: 288) . Lectotype (first step designated by Lourteig 1987: 35, second step lectotypification here designated):— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “Habitat in provincia Minas Geraes inter Agua boa et Rio Jequitinhonha”, [1820], Pohl 3124 = D972 (W [0022493] image!, isolectotypes F image!, K [2 sheets] image!, W [0022494; 0022495] image!), syn. nov.

Cuphea patula Saint-Hilaire (1833: 101) . Lectotype (first step designated by Lourteig 1987: 27, second step lectotypification here designated):— BRAZIL. [Rio de Janeiro]: “In arenosis maritimis prope praedium Manguinhos [approx. -21.396, -41.010], ad fines provinciarum Rio de Janeiro et Espirito Sancto”, [1818], Saint-Hilaire B2 243 (P [01901586] image!, isolectotypes F [fragm.] image!, MPU image!, P [01901587] image!).

Cuphea radula (A.St.-Hil.) Koehne (1877: 287) . Cuphea radula f. glabrescens Koehne (1877: 287) . Cuphea acutissima var. radula Saint-Hilaire (1833: 105) . Lectotype (first step designated by Lourteig 1987: 29, second step lectotypification here designated):— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “in campis prope praedium Olho d’Agua, haud longè à vico Contendas [Brasília de Minas, -16.215, - 44.438], parte deserta boreali-occidentali prov. Minas Geraes”, [1817], Saint-Hilaire s.n. (P [01901582] image!, isolectotypes F [fragm.] image!, MPU image!, P [01901583] image!).

Cuphea radula f. hirtella Koehne (1877: 287) . Lectotype (here designated; fide Koehne 1903):— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “Curalinho [Diamantina, district of Extraç ã o; -18.281, -43.527]”, 14 April 1892, Glaziou 19176 (R [000000145] image!, isolectotypes K image!, P [2 sheets] image!).

Cuphea radula f. lanicaulis Koehne (1900: 158) . Lectotype (here designated):— BRAZIL. Maranh ã o: “inter Therezina [Teresina] et Caxias”, 1878, Schwacke 682 (RB [00208857] image!).

Cuphea ramulosa Martius ex Koehne (1877: 289) . Cuphea ramulosa var. hirta Hoffmannsegg ex Koehne (1877: 289). Lectotype (first step designated by Lourteig 1987: 27, second step lectotypification here designated):— BRAZIL. Pará: “Habitat in arenosis provinciae Para, Santarém [-2.470, -54.701]”, June 1850, Spruce 380 (P [01901588] image!, isolectotypes K image!, P [01901589] image!).

Cuphea ramulosa var. virgata Hoffmannsegg ex Koehne (1877: 289) . Lectotype (designated by Lourteig 1987: 27):— BRAZIL. Pará: specific locality unknown, [1801–1807], Sieber s.n. (BR [0000008023872] image!).

Cuphea reflexifolia Koehne (1897: 24) . Lectotype (first step designated by Lourteig 1987: 31, second step lectotypification here designated):— BRAZIL. [Distrito Federal]: “in limosis civit. Goyaz, Burity Vermelho [Paranoá, Núcleo Rural Buriti Vermelho, approx. -15.907, -47.409], m. jun., Comm. Expl. do Planalto central do Brazil”, 27 June 1895, Glaziou 21427 (P [01901827] image!, isolectotypes BR, C image!, GH image!, K image!, P [01901826] image!, R image!).

Cuphea sessilifolia Martius (1841: 7) . Cuphea sessilifolia var. pilosa f. major Koehne (1877: 290) . Lectotype (first step designated by Lourteig 1987: 31, second step lectotypification here designated):— BRAZIL. Bahia: “Ilheos [Ilhéus, -14.794, -39.030], in campis maritimis, Prov. Bahiensis”, [August 1836], Luschnath s.n. in Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 421 (BR [0000005180240] image!, isolectotypes BR [0000005179596; 0000005179923] image!, F image!, GH image!, HAL image!, K image!, L [4 sheets] image!, M [2 sheets] image!, NY [2 sheets] image!, P [2 sheets] image!, W [2 sheets] image!), syn. nov.

Cuphea sessilifolia var. pilosa f. minor Koehne (1877: 290) . Lectotype (first step designated by Duré & Molero 2000: 236, second step lectotypification here designated):— BRAZIL. Bahia: specific locality unknown, 1834, Blanchet 1727 (G [00414398] image!, isolectotype G [00414397] image!).

Cuphea sessilifolia var. strigosa Koehne (1877: 291) . Lectotype (here designated):— BRAZIL. Bahia: “Muritiba [approx. -12.626, - 38.990]”, 1841, Blanchet 3475 (W [0022420] image!, isolectotypes NY image!, P image!), syn. nov.

Subshrubs 10–100 cm tall; stems erect to decumbent, indumentum hirsute and pubescent, long glandular trichomes, 1–1.3 mm long, short eglandular trichomes, <0.5 mm long, or entirely strigose, with one-armed trichomes; internodes 0.5–5 cm long; brachyblasts absent. Leaves opposite, chartaceous to coriaceous, sessile to petiolate, petioles 0.5–1.5 mm long, blades 8–30 × 3–12 mm, narrow-ovate, ovate to oblong, rarely elliptic, apex acute, base obtuse, subcordate to cordate, margin plane to revolute, indumentum strigose on both surfaces, one-armed trichomes, sometimes glandular trichomes present, or glabrous; brochidodromous. Racemes 15–25 cm long, frondose to frondose-bracteose, compound, elongated, indistinct; bracts 2–17 × 1–7 mm, subequal pairs, similar to leaves in shape and indumentum. Flowers alternate; pedicels 1–4.5 mm long; bracteoles 0.4–0.5 mm long, ovate to suborbicular; floral tubes 7–9 mm long; spur obtuse, deflexed; outer surface purple to vinaceous on the dorsal region, green ventrally, indumentum glandular, pubescent, and strigose, one-armed trichomes, or just strigose; inner surface villous behind the stamens, pilose on the rest of the tube; petals 6, pink, lilac to purple, subequal, two dorsal 3.5–5.4 × 1.4–1.7 mm, obovate, four ventral 4–6.5 × 1.5–3.1 mm, obovate; stamens free in the upper third of the floral tube, five antesepalous exserted, four antepetalous subexserted; pistil 3.5–6.3 mm long; ovary glabrous; style glabrous, rarely slightly pilose; ovules 3; nectary ca. 0.5–0.8 × 0.7 mm, deflexed. Seeds (1–)2–3, 2.1–2.2 × 1.5–1.9 mm, obovate, apex obtuse to truncate, base slightly acute, margin obtuse.

Phenology: —Collected with flowers and fruits all year round.

Distribution and habitat: — Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay, and Venezuela ( Fig. 17 ); Amazonian savannas, cerrado sensu stricto, sandy riverbanks, sandy grasslands, wet grasslands, “campos rupestres”, “veredas”, “restingas”, and disturbed places; 80–2000 m elev.

Conservation status: — Cuphea antisyphilitica was categorized as Least Concern (LC) due to its wide geographic distribution, as well as being common and well-collected.

Representative specimens examined: —BOLIVIA. Beni: Ballivián, Espiritu en la zona de influencia del rio Yacuma, 16 October 1980, Beck 5126 (P image!); idem, 15 August 1985, Beck 5665 (P image!); idem, 31 August 1986, Sigle 17 (P image!). Santa Cruz: Ichilo, Buena Vista, 10 March 1967, Steinbach 815 (P image!). BRAZIL. Amapá: Rio Jari, frequent in Kamana savannas, 28 August 1961, Egler & Irwin 45976-A (P image!). Amazonas: Iranduba, estrada Cacau Pirera-Manacapuru, 13 July 2000, Kinupp et al. 1411 (INPA!); Manaus, in dry open just ploughed up area, 15 May 1971, P.J.M. & Maas et al. 314 (INPA!). Bahia: [Jacobina], Serra Jacobina, 1836, Blanchet 2602 (BR image!, F image!, K image!, P image!, W image!); Palmeiras, entrada para o Morro do Pai Inácio, na base do morro, 12º27’33”S, 41º28’40”W, 06 August 2016, Facco et al. 482 (CEN!); Palmeiras, BR-242, entrada para Orquidário, 12°27’31”S, 41°27’55”W, 08 August 2016, Facco et al. 490 (CEN!); Rio de Contas, “habitat in campis editoribus ad V. d. Rio das Contas inter. Provinciae Bah.”, Martius s.n. (M [0146130] image!); Rio de Contas, estrada Rio de Contas-Jiló, 07 January 1999, Cavalcanti et al. 2446 (CEN!); Rio de Contas, estrada Rio de Contas-Mato Grosso, km 14, próximo à ponte do rio Fazendola, 13°28’56”S, 41°51’52”W, 14 August 2016, Facco et al. 497 (CEN!); specific locality unknown, Blanchet 1280 (M image!, W p.p. image!); specific locality unknown, 1835, Blanchet 1694 (P image!); specific locality unknown, Blanchet 3217 (F image!, P image!, W image!); specific locality unknown, “mediterranea prov. Bahiensis”, 1837, Luschnath s.n. (BR [0000005752546] image!). Ceará: Guaraciaba do Norte, estrada para Reriutaba, 27 February 1981, Fernandes & Martins s.n. (EAC [0009783] image!); Chapada da Ibiapaba, 07 March 1981, Fernandes & Nunes s.n. (EAC [0009877] image!). Distrito Federal: Brasília, Fazenda Santa Cecília, Núcleo Rural Rajadinha II, 14 September 2012, Fernandes 255 (CEN!); Planaltina, EEAE (Vereda do Marco), ponto 1, 14 July 2008, Amaral & Eugênio 2130 (CEN!). Espírito Santo: Conceiç ã o da Barra, Parque Estadual de Itaúnas, trilha da Borboleta, 01 April 2015, Moraes 26 (VIES!); Vitória, Reserva Ecológica Restinga de Camburi, 28 November 1997, Assis & Weiler-Júnior 294 (CEN!, VIES!). Goiás: [city of Goiás], [1828], Burchell 6486 (BR image!, K image!); Alto Paraíso de Goiás, rodovia para S ã o Jorge/chácara Portal da Chapada, 14º09’55”S, 47º35’57”W, 13 February 2005, Pastore 1264 (CEN!); Cavalcante, [1819], Pohl 2391 = D955 (K image!, W image!); Itapirapu ã, GO-070, Itapirapu ã - Goiás, Km 12, 15º52’S, 50º30’W, 16 March 1989, Cavalcanti et al. 447 (CEN!). Maranhão: Balsas, Vila Nova de Carli, área de monitoramento ambiental 2, 09 March 1998, Oliveira & Silva 972 (CEN!); Carolina, Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, Gleba I, PT 18 , 07°15’14”S, 47°05’27”W, 27 October 2015, Sevilha et al. 5597 (CEN!); Carolina, laje de arenito ao longo do rio Farinha, 06°43’50”S, 47°22’40”W, 07 April 2016, Sevilha et al. 5684 (CEN!); “inter Theresina et Caxias”, 1877–1878, Jobert 1233 (P image!, R image!). Mato Grosso: Água Boa, BR-158, Nova Xavantina-Água Boa, km 51, 14°18’40”S, 52°10’08”W, 05 April 2018, Pereira-Silva et al. 17048 (CEN!); Santa Cruz do Xingu, Parque Estadual do Xingu, limite norte do parque, 09°41’08”S, 52°37’17”W, 04 March 2011, Zappi et al. 3115 (CEN!, RB!, K image!). Mato Grosso do Sul: Coxim, 20 km antes da Serra da Alegria, 09 October 1976, Allem 221 (CEN!). Minas Gerais: inter Diamantina et Formaç ã o, 09 April 1892, Schwacke 8258 (RB!); Gouveia, rodovia Diamantina-Gouveia (BR-259), 300 m sul do entroncamento para Datas, a oeste da rodovia, 18°25’35”S, 43°41’30”W, 22 January 2004, Mello-Silva et al. 2445 (CEN!); Itacambira, entroncamento BR-367-Itacambira, 15 km do entroncamento, 17°15’00”S, 43°05’13”W, 05 February 2015, Cavalcanti et al. 3902 (CEN!); “habitat in campis inferioribus, ad rivulos etc. retro fl. S. Franc. versus Goyazanam in Prov. M.G.”, Martius s.n. (M [0146129] image!). Pará: Itaituba, Parque Nacional do Tapajós, km 60 da estrada Itaituba-Jacarecanga, 20 November 1978, Silva & Rosário 3858 (INPA!, NY image!); Rio Trombetas, near Cachoeira Porteira, 28 May 1974, Campbell et al. P22378 (INPA!, US image!); Santarém, specific locality unknown, 1849–50, Spruce 451 (M image!); specific locality unknown, [1801–1807], Sieber s.n. (BR [0000008024350] image!). Piauí: Serra do Uruçuí, 09°03’S, 45°04’W, 23 March 1978, Miranda 143 (RB!). Rondônia: Pimenta Bueno, rodovia Cuiabá-Porto Velho, BR-364, km 188, 19 June 1984, Ferreira et al. 4637 (CEN!, NY image!, P image!). Roraima: Boa Vista, Lago da Fazenda de S ã o Joaquim, 29 June 1994, Absy 187 (INPA!); Bonfim, rodovia BR-401, Boa Vista para Bonfim, Rio Arraia, perto da Guiana, ponto 8, 26 June 1974, Pires & Leite 14697 (IAN!). São Paulo: Barretos, ribeir ã o Anhumas, 20°26’00”S, 48°50’00”W, 19 March 1997, Pastore et al. 772 (CEN!); Boa Esperança do Sul, várzea natural do Rio Jacaré-Guaçu, Fazenda Itaquere, 29 April 1955, Kuhlmann 3603 (CEN!, SP image!). Sergipe: Estância, 11°15’00”S, 37°24’00”W, 21 February 1978, Orlandi 173 (RB!); Itaporanga D’Ajuda, Fazenda Trapsa, 31 August 2007, Sales 7 (CEN!). Tocantins: Dianópolis, ponte da fazenda Iguaçú, sobre o rio Limoeiro, 11°36’09”S, 46°31’02”W, 29 September 2003, Cavalcanti et al. 3279 (CEN!); Palmeiras do Tocantins, margem direita do córrego Grota Seca, 06°35’34”S, 47°29’07”W, 18 January 2010, Pereira-Silva & Moreira 14939 (CEN!). Specific locality unknown: “Ad Rio S. Catherina”, Pohl 3429 (W image!). COLOMBIA. Meta: Puerto Lopez, Hacienda Llano Grande, 07 March 1971, Sastre & Pinto 1006 (P image!); San Martín, margen derecha del río Humadea, Finca “La Isla”, 29 March 1971, Pinto E. & Bernal Q. 1656 (P image!); Villavicencio, bassin de l’Orenoque (Rio Meta), Apiay, 06 November 1952, Humbert & Fernandez 27192 (P image!). GUYANA. Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo: Rupununi Distr., Mountain Point, 02º58’00”N, 59º39’00”W, 13 June 1995, Jansen-Jacobs et al. 4065 (CEN!); Dadanawa ranch, road E to Shea, 0–2 km from ranch compound, 02º50’00”N, 59º30’00”W, 05 July 1996, Clarke 2119 (P image!). Potaro-Siparuni: 3 km NE of Surama village along trail to Surama Lake, 04º08’00”N, 59º02’00”W, 30 April 1992, Hoffman & Allicock 1518 (P image!); northern Pakaraimas, Kato Village, Annuyeng Creek & Annuyeng Melu (Falls), 04º39’00”N, 59º48’00”W, 05 June 1995, Mutchnick 1539 (P image!). PARAGUAY. Canindeyú: Ygatimí, a 8 km con destino a Asunción” [24°5’S, 55°30’W], 15 December 1995, Duré et al. 785 (BCF, PY); Ygatimí, a 8 km con destino a Asunción, 24°10’S, 55°40’W” [24°5’S, 55°30’W], 15 December 1995, Duré et al. 786 (P image!). VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Atures, cuenca del Río Manapiare, 05º27’00”N, 65º51’00”W, 16 August 1978, Huber 2245 (P image!); West base of Cerro Parú, at base camp on Caño Asísa, 16 February 1951, Cowan & Wurdack 31497 (P image!). Bolívar: Carretera El Dorado hacia Santa Elena de Uairen, km 198 al sur de El Dorado, base of Kamá-meru, 7–10 December 1972, Steyermark 106640 (P image!); Gran Sabana, ca. 10 km SW of Karaurin Tepui at junction of Río Karaurin and Río Asadon (Río Sanpa), 05º19’00”N, 61º03’00”W, 23 April 1988, Liesner 23672 (P image!); vía Nueva Fortuna-Vieja Fortuna, a 5 km de Nueva Fortuna, región del embalse de Guri, bajo Caroní, 07º07’00”N, 63º14’00”W, 13 September 1989, Briceño & Rosales 69 (P image!).

Cuphea antisyphilitica is one of the species with the widest range of distribution, occurring from northern to central South America, in different types of habitats, such as savanna and grassland formations. It presents a wide morphological variation, being generally characterized by narrow-ovate, ovate to oblong leaves, with an obtuse, subcordate to cordate base, and by frondose to frondose-bracteose racemes, elongated and indistinct from the foliage.

The circumscription of C. antisyphilitica was problematic because of its close proximity to C. sessilifolia , both in morphology and in geographical distribution. Cuphea sessilifolia , described by Martius (1841), was defined by weak characters, such as ovate to ovate-oblong, sessile leaves with a cordate base. The morphological diversity in both led to the description of several infraspecific categories and new species (e.g., Koehne 1877 , 1903) to accommodate variations in habit, leaf shape, and indumentum. In the latest revision of C. sect. Trispermum , Lourteig (1987) synonymized several of these species and infraspecific categories into C. antisyphilitica and C. sessilifolia , but acknowledged that problems remained. The ongoing molecular phylogeny of Cuphea (Cavalcanti, pers. comm.) points to the synonymization of C. sessilifolia under the oldest name, C. antisyphilitica , together with all related taxa.

A total of 20 taxa were accepted as synonyms of C. antisyphilitica , including names synonymized by Lourteig (1987) and new synonymizations performed here. Cases on lectotypification and inclusion of new synonyms are discussed below.

Cuphea antisyphilitica var. acutifolia , C. melampyrifolia , and C. sessilifolia var. strigosa , considered as valid taxa by Lourteig (1987) , were synonymized here by the weak morphological characters that define them, such as leaf shape and stem indumentum. Cuphea glauca and its forms, described by Koehne (1877) and excluded from Lourteig’s (1987) revision, and C. apurensis , described by Lourteig (1996) , were also synonymized for the same reason. These characters are found in the morphological variation of C. antisyphilitica throughout its distribution.

The collection locality of C. antisyphilitica is not described in the “ Nova genera et species plantarum ”, nor in the type materials. Only the popular name of the species, “Chiagari”, and that the plant was used in folk medicine against gonorrhea are mentioned in the protologue ( Kunth 1824). Considering the itinerary of the expedition of F.W. von Humboldt and A.J.A. Bonpland ( Kohlhepp 2005) and the geographical distribution of C. antisyphilitica , it was probably collected in Venezuela or Colombia.

Cuphea antisyphilitica f. subhirsuta was described by Koehne (1900) from the collection “ Lehmann 7332 ”. Lourteig (1987) made a mistake in citing as the “ holotype ” of this taxon the same as the typical species (“ Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. ”). As there are two specimens “ Lehmann 7332 ”, in K and F, the one deposited in K (K000533160) was chosen here as lectotype, as it has a greater number of branches, and flowers and fruits. Koehne (1900) described the locality of C. antisyphilitica f. subhirsuta as “ Honda, Tolima, Columbia ”, but the collection was made in Popayán, Cauca, Colombia, according to the information on the specimen label.

Cuphea glauca was described by Koehne (1877) based on the manuscripts of J.B.E. Pohl, together with two forms ( f. strigosa and f. hirsuta ). The type materials were separated between these forms, and no material was assigned to the typical species. Cuphea glauca was lectotypified here under “ Pohl 2281 = D981 ” deposited in W (0022505), one of the materials cited for C. glauca f. strigosa (the only form that has Pohl collections). The label of this specimen bears the collection location, Pohl’s diary number (“ D981 ”) and Koehne’s handwritten notes (signed “ E.K ”). Thus, C. glauca f. strigosa became a homotypic synonym of the typical species. Among the materials cited for C. glauca f. hirsuta (“ Martius s.n. ” and “ Gardner 2582 ”), the specimen “ Gardner 2582 ” deposited in W (0068370), which bears Koehne’s handwritten notes (“ E.K. ”) on the label, was chosen here as lectotype.

Cuphea acutissima var. radula , described by Saint-Hilaire (1833), was raised to the rank of species by Koehne (1877) , accompanied by two forms ( C. radula f. glabrescens and C. radula f. hirtella ). The type materials were not designated among the forms, which are: “ Blanchet 2602 ”, “ Saint-Hilaire s.n. ” (same as C. radula ), and “ Pohl 2391 = D955 ”. Koehne (1900) described C. radula f. lanicaulis and, when publishing the monograph of Lythraceae a few years later ( Koehne 1903 ), the author revealed that the type materials cited in “ Flora Brasiliensis ” ( Koehne 1877 ) belonged to C. radula f. glabrescens . Lourteig (1987) performed the lectotypification of the forms of C. radula , designating “ Blanchet 2602 ” for C. radula f. glabrescens , and “ Pohl 2391 = D955 ” for C. radula f. hirtella . Since the type materials belong to only one of the forms and include the type of the typical species, it was necessary to correct the lectotypifications of Lourteig (1987) . Cuphea radula f. glabrescens was then included as homotypic synonym of C. radula , and C. radula f. hirtella was lectotypified here under “ Glaziou 19176 ”, one of the type materials cited by Koehne (1903) for this form. The chosen specimen is deposited in R, being well preserved and bearing complete information on the label.

Lourteig (1987) did not found the specimen “ Schwacke 682 ”, the only material cited by Koehne (1900) for C. radula f. lanicaulis . The author commented that the specimen of the same origin, “ Jobert 1233 ” (P), could be a duplicate of the type material. According to Urban (1906), C. Jobert accompanied C.A.W. Schwacke between 1877 and 1878 on his trip to the Brazilian states Maranh ã o, Piauí, and Pará. In this treatment, the only specimen “ Schwacke 682 ” found is deposited in RB, and on its label is handwritten “nº 682 (I, 1233)”. Since there is no reference to “ Jobert 1233 ” in Koehne’s protologue (1900), the specimen in RB (00208857) was chosen here as the lectotype of C. radula f. lanicaulis .

Cuphea ramulosa was described by Koehne (1877) from C.F.P. von Martius’ manuscripts, accompanied by two varieties ( var. hirta and var. virgata ). In the protologue, the author separated the type materials between the varieties ( var. hirta : “ Spruce 380, 451 ”, “ Sieber s.n. ”; var. virgata : “ Sieber s.n. ”) and designated no material for the typical species. Lourteig (1987) chose “ Spruce 380 ” (P) as the lectotype of C. ramulosa , and the two specimens “ Sieber s.n. ”, both in BR, as the lectotypes of the varieties. However, by choosing “ Spruce 380 ” (P), C. ramulosa var. hirta became a homotypic synonym of C. ramulosa , so there was no need for Lourteig (1987) to designate a lectotype for this variety. The lectotypification of C. ramulosa var. virgata is correct and was maintained here.

In the journal Flora, Martius (1841) described C. sessilifolia without indication of collector. Lourteig (1987) cited the type material as “ Martius 421 ”, deposited in BR, which she called “ holotype ”. One of the three exsiccates in BR is handwritten “ Mart. Herb. Flor. Bras. Nº 421 ”, the locality “ Ilheos ”, followed by “Luschnath”. Other materials were found in the consulted herbaria with the printed label “ Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 421 ”, but without collector. As pointed out by Moraes & Falcade (2015), exsiccata with labels “ Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº... ” are from collections made by collectors such as B. Luschnath, and sent to C.F.P. von Martius, who published new species in Flora, between 1837 and 1841. The number on the label is corresponding to which the species was published in Flora. According to Hind (2011), specimens at BR usually provide evidence identifying the collectors because they bear the original collector’s labels, which was observed for C. sessilifolia . In this way, the designation of the type material in BR by Lourteig (1987) was accepted here, where the exsiccate with the complete data (BR0000005180240) was chosen as the lectotype (second step).

Koehne (1877) described C. sessilifolia var. pilosa , with two forms, and C. sessilifolia var. strigosa . The type materials were designated as follows: C. sessilifolia var. pilosa f. major , “ Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 421 ” (same as the typical species), “ Blanchet 1280, 3217, 3217a ”; C. sessilifolia var. pilosa f. minor , “ Blanchet 1727 ”, “ Riedel 74 ”; C. sessilifolia var. strigosa , “Sellow 487”, “ Blanchet 1028, 1694, 3475 ”. Lourteig (1987) unnecessarily lectotypified C. sessilifolia var. pilosa f. major under “ Blanchet 1727 ”, since the description of this taxon was based on the type of C. sessilifolia , which makes it a homotypic synonym of this species. Furthermore, “ Blanchet 1727 ” is one of the materials cited by Koehne (1877) for C. sessilifolia var. pilosa f. minor . Duré & Molero (2000) correctly lectotypified C. sessilifolia var. pilosa f. minor under “ Blanchet 1727 ” (G), despite calling it a “ holotype ”.

Lourteig (1987) erroneously designated “ B. Luschnath s.n. in Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil. Nº 421 ” as the lectotype of C. sessilifolia var. strigosa , since this material was cited by Koehne (1877) for C. sessilifolia var. pilosa f. major . Therefore, a new lectotypification was performed here, where the specimen “ Blanchet 3475 ”, one of the materials mentioned by Koehne (1877) for C. sessilifolia var. strigosa , deposited in W (0022420), was chosen. This specimen bears the name of the variety handwritten by E. Koehne , in addition to his signature “ E.K. ”.

Figures

FIGURE 6. A–E. Cuphea anisoclada. A. Habit; B. Detail of a branch; C. Lateral view of floral tube; D. Pistil; E. Seed. F–K. Cuphea antisyphilitica. F. Habit; G. Flowering branch; H. Floral tube in lateral view, without petals; I. Floral tube in longitudinal-dorsal section, without petals; J. Pistil; K. Seed. A: Maguire 33644; B–E: Steyermark et al. 115626; F: Sevilha et al. 5684; G: Facco et al. 497; H–J: Facco et al. 490; K: Absy 187. Scale bar.A: 5 cm; C, H: 3 mm; D, I, J: 2 mm; E, K: 1 mm. Photo. F: Anderson Sevilha.

FIGURE 17. Geographical distribution of Cuphea antisyphilitica.