Calpodes salianus Grishin, 2023

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, Insecta Mundi 2023 (26), pp. 1-115 : 79-80

Calpodes salianus Grishin , new species

https://zoobank.org/ 9916050C-DBCE-4EDA-A05C-6BB74C2BD7B3

( Fig. 8 part, 195–196, 432–434)

Definition and diagnosis. Phylogenetic trees reveal that a specimen from Peru identified as Calpodes salius (Cramer, 1775) (type locality in Suriname) is not monophyletic with and shows prominent genetic differentiation from it ( Fig. 8): e.g., their COI barcodes differ by 5.2% (34 bp), and therefore represents a new species. This new species keys to “ Saliana salius ” (O.14.17) in Evans (1955) but differs from it by longer costal shoulder of the discal cell spot that has an appearance of a separate spot shifted distad (at the base too) but joined with the lower spot (instead of a single spot with a flatter base and irregular outer margin), and the lack of ash-gray overscaling at the base of ventral hindwing (this area is maroon-colored instead with violet sheen) ( Fig. 195–196), ampulla more protruding dorsad, and more convex costa near ampulla ( Fig. 434). Due to the cryptic nature of this species, most reliable identification is achieved by DNA and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly276558.9.2:A84G, aly276558.9.2:A150G, aly 2258.12.5:G486C, aly272.25.11:T84C, aly 1660.4.4:C157T, aly638.8.1:G327G (not A), aly638.8.1:A369A (not G), aly827.13.1:C42C (not G), aly827.13.1:C75C (not T), aly525.2.6:G186G (not A), and COI barcode: T19C, A44T, T121C, A175G, T596C.

Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-18112H11, GenBank OR837712, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTCGGTATTTGAGCAGGAATATTAGGTTCTTCATTAAGTTTATTAATTCGTACAGAATTAGGTAATCCTGGTTCATTAATT GGAGATGACCAAATTTATAATACCATTGTTACAGCTCACGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTAATACCTATTATGATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATT GATTAGTACCATTAATATTAGGAGCCCCAGATATAGCTTTTCCTCGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGAATACTCCCCCCTTCATTAACTTTATTAAT TTCAAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGTGCAGGAACAGGTTGAACAGTTTATCCCCCCCTTTCAGCTAATATCGCCCATCAAGGATCTTCAGTTGATCTA GCAATTTTTTCTTTACATTTAGCAGGAATTTCATCAATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACTACAATTATTAATATACGAATTAGAAATTTAATAT TTGACCAAATACCATTATTTGTTTGATCTGTAGGAATTACAGCATTATTATTACTATTATCATTACCAGTTTTAGCAGGAGCTATTACAATACTTCT TACTGACCGAAATCTAAATACATCTTTCTTTGACCCTGCAGGAGGAGGTGACCCTATTTTATACCAACATTTATTT

Type material. Holotype: ♂ currently deposited in the National Museum of Natural History , Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA ( USNM), illustrated in Fig. 195–196, bears the following four rectangular labels, three white: [ PERU 300m | 30 Km S.W. | Pto. Maldonado | 26 Oct. ’83 | S. S. Nicolay], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-18112H11 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01531430], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Calpodes | salianus Grishin ].

Type locality. Peru: Madre de Dios Region, 30 km SW of Puerto Maldonado, elevation 300 m.

Etymology. The name reflects its somewhat similar appearance to C. salius . Made longer, the name signifies it is a more southern relative. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.

Distribution. Currently known only from the holotype collected in the Amazonian region of Peru.