Cryptoperla formosana (Okamoto, 1912)

Mo, Raorao, Liu, Ruijun, Wang, Guoquan, Li, Weihai & Murányi, Dávid, 2021, Two new and one poorly known species of the Cryptoperla formosana species group (Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae) from China, Zootaxa 5032 (2), pp. 237-246 : 244-245

Key to males of species of Cryptoperla formosana species group

1. Basal cercal segment has a single apical lobe bearing dense bristles or hairs....................................... 2

- Basal cercal segment has a single or multidentate apical spur lacking dense bristles or hairs......................... 4

2. Basal cercal segment lacks a thick cluster of digitate bristles (figs. 1‒2 in Sivec 1995)............ C. fujianica Sivec, 1995

- Basal cercal segment has a thick cluster of digitate bristles extending medially.................................... 3

3. Inner margin of basal cercal segment lacks distinct long bristles (figs. 2‒5 in Huo & Du 2018)........ C.dactylina Du, 2018

- Inner margin of basal cercal segment bears distinct long bristles....................... C. kawasawai Maruyama, 2002

4. Cercal spur is simple without teeth....................................................................... 5

- Cercal spur is multidentate............................................................................ 14

5. Cercal spur is hook-like, strongly curved dorsally (figs. 15‒16 in Stark & Sivec 2007a)..... C. hubleyi Stark & Sivec, 2007

- Cercal spur is straight or slightly curved................................................................... 6

6. Cercal spur has a blunt tip.............................................................................. 7

- Cercal spur has a sharp tip.............................................................................. 9

7. Cercal spur is fully transparent, without apical setae (fig. 14 in Stark & Sivec 2007b)....... C. uchidai Stark & Sivec, 2007

- Cercal spur is not fully transparent, with apical setae......................................................... 8

8. Cercal spur may extend to distal end of cercal segment 3, with 2‒3 long apical setae; cercal segment 2 has a short dorsal process (fig. 49 in Stark 1989).............................................................. C. bisaeta ( Kawai, 1968)

- Cercal spur does not extend past cercal segment 2, with 1‒2 short apical setae; cercal segment 2 lacks dorsal process (figs. 30, 33 in Stark 1989)....................................................................... C. kali Stark, 1989

9. Inner margin of apical half of basal cercal segment lacks long bristles (figs. 1C‒1E in Kawai, 1968)............................................................................................... C. ishigakiensis ( Kawai, 1968)

- Inner margin of apical half of basal cercal segment has distinct long bristles...................................... 10

10. Cercal spur is very long and slightly exceeds subsequent five segments (figs. 3‒4 in Sivec 1995).... C. stilifera Sivec, 1995

- Cercal spur is shorter and does not exceed subsequent four segments........................................... 11

11. Cercal spur is bicolored and its apical half transparent (figs. 17, 19 in Stark 1989)................... C. akha Stark, 1989

- Cercal spur has uniform color.......................................................................... 12

12. Aedeagus has a pair of horn-like basal lobes ( Figs. 3c, 3e‒3f ).................................. C. bicornata sp. nov.

- Aedeagus has two pairs of apical lobes................................................................... 13

13. Aedeagus has a pair of ventral setal patches (fig. 8 in Uchida & Isobe 1988) .............. C. formosana ( Okamoto, 1912)

- Aedeagus lacks ventral setal patches ( Figs. 4c , 5c , 6a )....................................... C. cunicidata sp. nov.

14. Inner margin of apical half of basal cercal segment lacks long bristles (figs. 1‒3 in Wu 1973; Fig. 1b ).................................................................................................... C. aculeata ( Wu, 1973)

- Inner margin of apical half of basal cercal segment has long bristles............................................ 15

15. Cercal spur consists of several polyp-like structures with apical hair tufts (figs. 1‒3 in Sivec 2005)...... C. dui Sivec, 2005

- Cercal spur lacks polyp-like structures................................................................... 16

16. Cercal spur is spatulate with serrate apex (figs. 45, 48 in Stark 1989)........................ C. chiangi ( Banks, 1940)

- Cercal spur is not spatulate but with spines or teeth......................................................... 17

17. Cercal spur consists of a major spur and 3‒10 smaller dorsal spines (figs. 50‒53 in Stark 1989)... C. fraterna ( Banks, 1938)

- Cercal spur consists of multidentate teeth................................................................. 18

18. Cercal spur with 1‒3 long teeth (figs. 1, 4 in Stark 1989)...................................... C. karen Stark, 1989

- Cercal spur with ca. 10 short teeth (figs. 2, 4 in Stark & Sivec 2007a).............. C. curvata Stark & Sivec, 2007

Figures

FIGURE 1. Cryptoperla aculeata (Wu, 1973) (a–b: holotype; c–d: female paratype). a. Male head and pronotum, dorsal view. b. Male basal cercal segments, apical view. c. Female head and pronotum, dorsal view. d. Female terminalia, ventral view.

FIGURE 3. Cryptoperla bicornata sp. nov. (male). a. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. b. Terminalia, dorsal view. c. Terminalia and aedeagus, dorsal view. d. Cerci, dorsal view. e. Terminalia and aedeagus, ventral view. f. Terminalia and aedeagus, lateral view.

FIGURE 4. Cryptoperla cunicidata sp. nov. (male). a. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. b. Aedeagus and left cercus after being cleared, dorsal view. c. Aedeagus, lateral view. d. Cerci, dorsal view.

FIGURE 5. Cryptoperla cunicidata sp. nov. (male). a. Terminalia and aedeagus, dorsal view. b. Vesicle, lateral view. c. Terminalia and aedeagus, ventral view. d. Terminalia and aedeagus, oblique lateral view.

FIGURE 6. a. Aedeagus of Cryptoperla cunicidata sp. nov., ventral view. b. Type locality of C. bicornata sp. nov., Long Yu Bay Scenic Area. c. Type locality of C. cunicidata sp. nov., Nanling National Forest Park.