Paragrallomyia albibasis

Ferro, Gustavo Borges & Marshall, Stephen A., 2020, A redefinition of Paragrallomyia Hendel (Diptera: Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae) and a revision of the P. albibasis complex, Zootaxa 4822 (1), pp. 39-70 : 44-45

Key to species in the Paragrallomyia albibasis complex

1) Cell r 4+5 closed at wing margin ( Fig. 55). Anterior half of postpronotal lobe with three to four strong black setae ( Figs. 53, 55).............................................................. Paragrallomyia vulpes (Cresson) Costa Rica

- Cell r 4+5 open at wing margin ( Fig. 1). Anterior half of postpronotal lobe bare or with a dense row of five or more long black setae............................................................................................... 2

2) Epicephala merging immediately behind ocellar plate, postocellar part of frontal vitta thus short and abruptly tapered to a point anterior to postocellar setae ( Figs. 4, 31, 39, 49)............................................................. 3

- Epicephala converging but not immediately merging near the ocellar plate, postocellar part of frontal vitta thus reaching postocellar setae ( Figs. 6, 15, 17)............................................................................. 7

3) Frontal vitta with a velvety black spot anterior to ocellar plate ( Figs. 31, 39, 49).................................... 4

- Frontal vitta darkened, without rounded black velvety spot ( Figs. 4, 20).......................................... 6

4) Epicephalon somewhat elevated above level of fronto-orbital plate ( Fig. 49). Copulatory fork with short quadrate inner basal lobes, less than twice as long as wide ( Fig. 52)... Paragrallomyia thiemei (Enderlein) Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guiana, Peru, Venezuela.

- Epicephalon flat, about same level as fronto-orbital plate ( Figs. 31, 33). Copulatory fork with long apically rounded inner basal lobes, more than three times as long as wide ( Figs. 34, 42)..................................................... 5

5) Rounded black velvety spot on frontal vitta swollen ( Fig. 33). Ejaculatory apodeme large, blade wider than sperm pump ( Fig. 34)............................................................... Paragrallomyia nodulosa n. sp. Costa Rica

- Rounded black velvety spot on frontal vitta flat ( Fig. 41). Ejaculatory apodeme small, sperm pump wider than blade ( Fig. 42).................................................................. Paragrallomyia quadrifurca n. sp. Panama

6) Epicephalon somewhat elevated above frontal vitta level ( Fig. 20). Copulatory fork with developed inner basal lobes, lobes less than half as long as the posterior ones ( Fig. 23)........................... Paragrallomyia colombiana n. sp. Colombia

- Epicephalon flat, about same level as frontal vitta ( Fig. 4). Copulatory fork with small quadrate inner basal lobes ( Fig. 5)............................................................ Paragrallomyia aequorea n. sp. (male only) Colombia

7) Mid and hind tibiae flattened, sulcus on outer face strongly pronounced and curved ( Figs. 24, 37)...................... 8

- Mid and hind tibiae cylindrical or nearly so, sulcus on outer face weak or absent ( Figs. 18, 45)....................... 10

8) Frontal vitta brown or dark brown, without black spot anterior to ocellar plate ( Fig. 27). Fronto-orbital plate orange brown...................................................... Paragrallomyia ecuadoriensis n. sp. Ecuador. (female only)

- Frontal vitta with a black spot anterior to ocellar plate ( Figs. 25, 35). Fronto-orbital plate brown or dark brown........... 9

9) Thorax uniformly blackish. Abdominal tergites dark brown/black. Relatively large, body length 7–8 mm ............................................................................. Paragrallomyia pseudoalbibasis n. sp. Costa Rica

- Thorax brown laterally, black on mesonotum only. Abdominal tergites brown. Relatively small, body length 4–5 mm ............................................................. Paragrallomyia diminuta n. sp. Costa Rica (female only)

10) Frontal vitta orange brown or dark brown, uniformly pigmented ( Fig. 15, 17)..................................... 11

- Frontal vitta colour variable, but always with a black spot anterior to ocellar plate................................. 12

11) Frontal vitta and postpronotal lobe orange-brown ( Fig. 17). Female cervical sclerite with a white rounded swelling. Paired spermathecal duct stems thin and with spine-like processes on apical half, duct no more than half as wide as one of the paired spermatheca. Paired spermatheca oval and with sparse micro finger-like processes ( Fig. 19). Single spermatheca broad basally, tapered apically and covered by small spine-like appendices........ Paragrallomyia citrina n. sp. Costa Rica (female only)

- Frontal vitta and postpronotal lobe dark brown ( Fig. 15). Female cervical sclerite smooth, without swelling. Paired spermathecal duct stems smooth and heavily swollen in the middle, swelling about same width as paired spermatheca ( Fig. 16). Paired spermathecae oval and smooth. Single spermatheca cylindrical and smooth, without spine-like processes........................................................................ Paragrallomyia caliensis n. sp. Colombia (female only)

12) Black spot anterior to ocellar plate strong and teardrop shaped ( Fig. 47).................................................................................................... Paragrallomyia teresacristinae (Albuquerque) Brazil

- Black spot anterior to ocellar plate rounded and sometimes weak.............................................. 13

13) Epicephalon flat, about same level as fronto-orbital plate. Mesonotum with two rows of long black setae on postpronotal lobe margin ( Fig. 29)............................................. Paragrallomyia inpai (Albuquerque) Brazil, Bolivia

- Epicephalon somewhat swollen, above level of fronto-orbital plate ( Figs. 43). Margin of postpronotal lobe margin bare or with sparse and small dark microsetulae...................................................................... 14

14) Cervical sclerite with a brownish rounded swelling in both sexes. Four spermathecae ( Fig. 44)........................................................................................... Paragrallomyia quaternaria n. sp. Bolivia

- Cervical sclerite smooth or with a small oval white swelling (female unknown for P. bifurcata ). Known females with three spermathecae ( Figs. 7, 11, 13).......................................................................... 15

15) Female cervical sclerite smooth, without swelling and covered by white pruinosity. Fronto-orbital plate yellowish-brown ( Figs. 12, 14).............................................................. Paragrallomyia brasiliensis n. sp. Brazil

- Female cervical sclerite with a white opaque oval swelling. Fronto-orbital plate dark brown ( Figs. 6, 8, 10)............. 16

16) Pleural membrane greyish with a white vertical stripe on P3 ( Fig. 6, 8). Single spermatheca cylindrical with small finger-like processes ( Fig. 7)......................... Paragrallomyia albibasis (Enderlein) Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico

- Pleural membrane uniformly darkened ( Fig. 10). Single spermatheca forked and smooth, with small rounded swellings ( Fig. 11).................................................... Paragrallomyia bifurcata n. sp. Costa Rica (female only)