Drosophilidae

Magnacca, Karl N., Foote, David & O’Grady, Patrick M., 2008, A review of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae and their host plants, Zootaxa 1728, pp. 1-58 : 29

alien Drosophilidae

Although they are often the most abundant species on bait sponges, alien drosophilids – primarily D. immigrans , D. simulans , and D. suzukii – were relatively uncommonly reared from native substrates. The large populations of most aliens are maintained primarily by the abundant fleshy fruits of exotic plants, especially Psidium spp. (guava, Myrtaceae ), Passiflora tarminiana (banana poka, Passifloraceae ), and Rubus spp. (brambleberries, Rosaceae ), rather than native plants. The only species reared in large numbers was D. immigrans , which could be found in bark, leaves, flowers, and fruit, especially of Clermontia (Campanulaceae) . This species was present in high enough numbers that it could potentially exert competition pressure on Hawaiian drosophilids in their native host plants. Drosophila suzukii was also found breeding in the fruit of native Rubus , but relatively few natives (mostly Elmomyza) utilize it, apparently as a secondary host.