identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C687D0FFE54368FF64FB9246FFFB57.text	03C687D0FFE54368FF64FB9246FFFB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chilosphex	<div><p>Key to the species of  Chilosphex</p><p>1 Males .............................................................................................. 2</p><p>- Females............................................................................................ 3</p><p>2 Episternal sulcus ending at level of scrobe; medial emargination of S8 broad: 3.5 × as wide as lateral tooth (Fig. 3e); metasoma black.............................................................................  Ch. argyrius (Brullé)</p><p>- Episternal sulcus extending to anteroventral margin of pleuron; medial emargination of S8 narrow: 1.5 × as wide as lateral tooth (Fig. 3f); metasoma basally reddish...................................  Ch. pseudargyrius (Roth in de Beaumont)</p><p>3 Medial clypeal lobe slightly emarginate (Fig. 2a); scutum coarsely, densely micropunctate with scattered punctures (Fig. 3a); episternal sulcus ending at level of scrobe; metasoma reddish basally or entirely black.............  Ch. argyrius (Brullé)</p><p>- Medial clypeal lobe distinctly emarginate (Fig. 2b); scutum finely, sparsely micropunctate with scattered punctures (Fig. 3b); episternal sulcus extending to anteroventral margin of pleuron; metasoma reddish basally............................................................................................  Ch. pseudargyrius (Roth in de Beaumont)</p><p>Genus  Chilosphex Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976</p><p>Chilosphex Menke in Bohart &amp; Menke 1976:39, 128. Type species:  Sphex argyrius Brullé, 1833 by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis. The following characters are the main recognition features of  Chilosphex: clypeus broad, flattened, its free margin in female emarginate and divided into three lobes; male antenna without placoids; second submarginal cell of forewing higher than broad; claws with two ventral teeth; female foreleg without well-defined tarsal rake; pectens of inner hindtibial spur coarse and well-spaced from each other; spiracle of T1 located in distal part of tergum; male S8 rectangular, with lateral teeth (Fig. 3e, f).</p><p>The following are the characters shared by both included species. Head. Clypeus, subantennal sclerite and paraocular area with dense appressed, silvery setae. Vertex, occiput and gena microsculptured, with scattered punctures and fine, sparse, inconspicuous, appressed, pale setae. Erect setae pale.  Mesosoma . Mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum dull, obliquely areolate-rugose. Propodeal enclosure dull, transversely areolate-rugose. Erect setae of mesosoma pale. Wings moderately smoky; veins dark brown. Legs black, with black spines.</p><p>MALE. Head. Clypeus nearly trapeziform; medial lobe slightly elongate, not or slightly longer than lateral one, slightly emarginate apically; lateral lobe moderately defined; lateral emargination insignificant (Fig. 2c, d). Mandible and palpi black or dark brown.  Mesosoma . Scutum slightly shiny, coarsely, densely micropunctate with scattered punctures. Metasoma. T1 with appressed, silvery setae posteriorly.</p><p>FEMALE. Head. Mandible brownish or reddish in basal half, black apically. Palpi dark brown.</p><p>Classifications. Both species were originally described in  Sphex . Kohl (1890) and Roth (1963) assigned  S. argyrius to the subgenus  Palmodes Kohl, 1890, as did Roth (1967) for  Sphex pseudargyrius . The absence of a foretarsal rake in the female and the short episternal sulcus of  Sphex argyrius Brullé, 1833 allowed A. Menke in Bohart and Menke (1976) to transfer this species and  S. pseudargyrius Roth, 1967 to the new genus  Chilosphex (Bohart &amp; Menke 1976) . Menke, however, did not realize that the episternal sulcus is long in  Ch. pseudargyrius, he probably had not seen specimens.</p><p>Life history (Berland 1958; Bohart &amp; Menke 1976; Kazenas 2001; Arens 2017). Females nest in cliffs, cracks in stones and rocks, in crevices and other cavities between stones and bricks in walls, and stone fences. The nest consists of one cell, the cavity of which is lined with stems of plants, collected on the ground near the nest and carried in the mandibles. Prey are bush crickets of the genera  Pholidoptera Wesmaël, 1838 and  Metrioptera Wesmaël, 1838 ( Orthoptera:  Tettigoniidae), which are paralyzed and delivered to the nest on the ground in the amount of three or four per cell. The egg is laid to the side of the abdomen near the base of a hind leg.</p><p>Remarks. Morphologically, the genus is clearly different from the related genera  Prionyx Vander Linden, 1827 and  Palmodes Kohl, 1890 . It closely resembles  Palmodes by the shape of the clypeus, the claws with two ventral teeth and by lacking placoids on the male antenna, but differs in the absence of a distinctly defined tarsal rake of the female foreleg and the rectangular male S8 with lateral teeth ( Palmodes has a defined tarsal rake on the female foreleg and male S8 rectangular with the apical margin slightly emarginate or triangular).  Chilosphex also resembles the subgenus  Calosphex Kohl, 1890 ( = niveatus species group of  Prionyx) in having the claws with two ventral teeth and in lacking placoids on the male antenna, but differs in lacking pale fasciae on the metasoma, and by the shape of clypeus (the clypeus of  Calosphex without distinct emargination and the metasoma with pale fasciae).  Chilosphex also resembles the subgenus  Harpactopus F. Smith, 1856 ( = crudelis species group of  Prionyx) in having the claws with two teeth on the ventral margin, but differs in lacking placoids on the male antenna and in having the female clypeus with a lateral emargination, thus divided into three lobes ( Harpactopus has the male antenna with placoids and the female clypeus without the lateral emargination, not trilobate).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C687D0FFE54368FF64FB9246FFFB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Danilov, Yuriy N.;Odintsev, Oleg A.	Danilov, Yuriy N., Odintsev, Oleg A. (2022): Review of the digger wasps of the genus Chilosphex Menke in Bohart and Menke 1976 (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Prionychini). Zootaxa 5200 (6): 587-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5200.6.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5200.6.6
03C687D0FFE64369FF64FB3647D0F898.text	03C687D0FFE64369FF64FB3647D0F898.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chilosphex argyrius (Brulle 1833)	<div><p>Chilosphex argyrius (Brullé, 1833)</p><p>(Figs 1, 2a, c, 3a, с, e, 4a, c, e)</p><p>Sphex argyrius Brullé 1833: 367, ♀. Holotype or syntypes: ♀, Greece: Morea, now Peloponnesus: Carithène (MNHN).— Kohl 1885a:179; Ed. André 1888:137, 152; Kohl 1890:327; Dalla Torre 1897:415; Roth 1925:379; Gussakovskij 1930: 211; Roth 1963:146; Roth in de Beaumont 1967:369.— As  Chilosphex argyrius: Bohart &amp; Menke 1976:128; Kazenas 2001:14; Dollfuss 2008:1399; Arens 2017:626; Danilov, Mokrousov 2017:54; Danilov 2017:214; Danilov 2019:77; Pulawski 2022:1.</p><p>Sphex emarginatus Brullé 1833:368, ♂. Holotype: ♂, Greece: Morea Peninsula, now Peloponnesus: Carithène (MNHN). Junior primary homonym of  Sphex emarginatus Villers, 1789 . Synonymized with  Sphex argyrius by Kohl 1885a:179 and 1885b:165.—F. Smith 1856:242; Kirchner 1867:218.</p><p>Diagnosis. Both sexes of  Ch. argyrius differ from  Ch. pseudargyrius in having the episternal sulcus ending at level of the scrobe (the episternal sulcus extending to anteroventral margin of the pleuron in  Ch. pseudargyrius). The female of  Ch. argyrius differs from  Ch. pseudargyrius in having the scutum moderately shiny, coarsely, densely micropunctate with scattered punctures ( Ch. pseudargyrius has the scutum moderately shiny, but finely, sparsely micropunctate with scattered punctures).The male differs from  Ch. pseudargyrius by the shape of S8 whose medial emargination is broad: 3.5 × as wide as the lateral tooth (the medial emargination of S8 is narrow: 1.5 × as wide as the lateral tooth in  Ch. pseudargyrius).</p><p>Description.  Mesosoma . Pronotum microsculptured, with scattered punctures and fine, sparse, inconspicuous, semiappressed, pale setae. Pronotal collar and scutum laterally with appressed, silvery setae. Pronotal lobe, mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum without sparse appressed, silvery setae. Episternal sulcus ending at level of scrobe (Fig. 3c). Propodeal enclosure with fine, inconspicuous, brownish setae.</p><p>MALE (Fig. 4e). Body length 15–20 mm. Metasoma entirely black. Medial emargination of S8 broad: 3.5 × as wide as lateral tooth (Fig. 3e). FEMALE (Fig. 4a, c). Body length 19–24 mm. Head. Medial clypeal lobe moderately longer and slightly broader than lateral one, slightly emarginate; lateral emargination slightly defined (Fig. 2a).  Mesosoma . Scutum moderately shiny, coarsely, densely micropunctate with scattered punctures (Fig. 3a). Metasoma black with following red: T1–T2, S1 apically, and S2; entirely black in melanistic specimens.</p><p>Material examined (Fig. 1).   BULGARIA. Haskovo Province: Svilengrad municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.933334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.35/lat 41.933334)">Dervishka Mogila</a> [41°55′60.0″N 26°21′00.0″E], 20.VI.2008, leg. M. &amp; Z. Halada (1 ♂, OLBL) ;   CROATIA. Dubrovnik-Neretva County: Konavle, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.516666/lat 42.4)">Prevlaka</a> [42°24′00.0″N 18°31′00.0″E], 19.VI.2011, leg. V. Sorokina (2 ♀, SZMN) ;   FRANCE. Vaucluse Department: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=5.1805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.123997" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 5.1805/lat 44.123997)">Bédoin</a> [44°07′26.4»N 5°10′49.8»E], 25.VI.1990, leg. Perraudin (1 ♂, OLBL) ;   GREECE. Thessaly: Magnesia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.566666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.9/lat 39.566666)">Keramidi</a> [39°34′00.0″N 22°54′00.0″E], 7.V.2014, leg. M. Snižek (2 ♂, OLBL) ;   South Aegean: Cyclades, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.9/lat 37.45)">Syros</a> [37°27′00.0″N 24°54′00.0″E], 1867, leg. Erber (8 ♂, 10 ♀, ZISP) ;   IRAN. Golestan Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=54.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 54.433334/lat 36.833332)">Gorgan</a> [formely Astrabad] [36°50′N, 54°26′E], 15.V.1905, leg. Filippovich (2 ♂, 1 ♀, ZISP) ;  17.VI. 1905 (1 ♂, ZISP);   ITALY. Sicily: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.351528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.93303" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.351528/lat 37.93303)">20 km S Palermo</a> [37°55′58.9″N 13°21′05.5″E], 18.VI.2012, leg. J. Halada (1 ♂, OLBL) ;   RUSSIA. Dagestan: Derbent District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.233&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.908" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.233/lat 41.908)">Kamyshchay River valley</a> [41°54′28.8″N 48°13′58.8″E], 10.VI.2017, leg. M. Mokrousov (7 ♂, 3 ♀ [melanistic], SZMN) ;   10 km S <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.27&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.961002" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.27/lat 41.961002)">Derbent</a> [41°57′39.6″N 48°16′12.0″E], 11.VI.2017, leg. M. Mokrousov (3 ♂, SZMN) ;   TURKMENISTAN. Ashgabat, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=58.083332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 58.083332/lat 37.9)">Archabil</a> [formely Firyuza] [37°54′N, 58°5′E], 28.VI.1928, leg. V. Gussakovskij (1 ♂, ZISP) ;   Balkan Province: Sunt-Hasardag Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=56.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 56.35/lat 38.516666)">Sunt mountain</a> [38°31′N, 56°21′E], 21.VI.1952, leg. Odintsova (1 ♀, ZISP) ;   Esenguly District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=53.975277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.46472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 53.975277/lat 37.46472)">Atrek river</a> [37°27′53.0″N 53°58′31.0″E], V.1914, leg. S. Bilkevitch (1 ♀, ZISP)  .</p><p>Distribution. Spain, Italy, France, Luxemburg, Croatia, * Bulgaria, Greece, Slovenia, Russia (Dagestan), Algeria, Turkey, Israel, Iraq, Iran, Turkmenistan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C687D0FFE64369FF64FB3647D0F898	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Danilov, Yuriy N.;Odintsev, Oleg A.	Danilov, Yuriy N., Odintsev, Oleg A. (2022): Review of the digger wasps of the genus Chilosphex Menke in Bohart and Menke 1976 (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Prionychini). Zootaxa 5200 (6): 587-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5200.6.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5200.6.6
03C687D0FFE0436CFF64FF534757FE5A.text	03C687D0FFE0436CFF64FF534757FE5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chilosphex pseudargyrius (Roth in de Beaumont 1967)	<div><p>Chilosphex pseudargyrius (Roth in de Beaumont, 1967)</p><p>(Figs 1, 2b, d, 3b, d, f, 4b, d, f)</p><p>Sphex pseudargyrius Roth in de Beaumont 1967: 369, ♀, ♂. Holotype: ♀, Turkey: Mersin: Mut (J. Gusenleitner collection, Linz, Austria), examined.— As  Chilosphex pseudargyrius: Bohart &amp; Menke 1976:128; Dollfuss 2008:1400; Ljubomirov &amp; Yildirim 2008:22; Yildirim 2014:29; Koçak &amp; Kemal 2015:278; Danilov 2019:77; Pulawski 2022:2.</p><p>Diagnosis. Both sexes of  Ch. pseudargyrius differ from  Ch. argyrius in having the episternal sulcus extending to anteroventral margin of pleuron (the episternal sulcus ending at level of scrobe in  Ch. pseudargyrius). The female of  Ch. pseudargyrius differs from  Ch. argyrius in having the scutum moderately shiny, finely, sparsely micropunctate with scattered punctures ( Ch. argyrius has the scutum moderately shiny, but coarsely, densely micropunctate with scattered punctures). The male differs from  Ch. argyrius by the shape of S8, whose medial emargination is narrow: 1.5 × as wide as the lateral tooth (the medial emargination of S8 is broad: 3.5 × as wide as the lateral tooth in  Ch. argyrius).</p><p>Description.  Mesosoma . Pronotum and mesoscutum microsculptured, with scattered punctures and fine, sparse, inconspicuous, appressed, pale setae. Pronotal collar and metanotum with appressed, silvery setae. Episternal sulcus extending to anteroventral margin of pleuron (Fig. 3d). Propodeal enclosure with fine, inconspicuous, pale setae.</p><p>MALE (Fig. 4d). Body length 16 mm.  Mesosoma . Pronotal lobe, mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum with sparse appressed, silvery setae partly concealing integument. Metasoma black with following red: T1, T2 anterolaterally, and S1 apically, S2. Medial emargination of S8 narrow: 1.5 × as wide as lateral tooth (Fig. 3f). FEMALE (Fig. 4b, f). Body length 16–24 mm. Head. Medial clypeal lobe distinctly longer than lateral one, narrow, not broader than lateral one, distinctly emarginate; lateral emargination moderately defined (Fig. 2b).  Mesosoma . Scutum moderately shiny, finely, sparsely micropunctate with scattered punctures (Fig. 3b). Pronotal lobe, mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum with appressed, silvery setae moderately concealing integument. Metasoma black with following red: T1–T2, T3 anterolaterally, and S1 apically, S2, S3.</p><p>Material examined (Fig. 1). Type material. Holotype of  Sphex pseudargyrius Roth in de Beaumont 1967: ♀, Turkey, Mersin Province: Mut [36°38′45.0″N 33°26′15.0″E], 9–13.VI.1965, leg. J. Gusenleitner [MCZL]. Paratype of  Sphex pseudargyrius Roth in de Beaumont 1967: ♂, the same place, 13.VI.1965, leg. M. Schwarz [MCZL]. Other material. IRAN. Sistan and Baluchestan: N foothills of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.737778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.316666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.737778/lat 37.316666)">Kuh-e Taftan</a> [28°36′15.5″N 61°07′54.6″E], 25.V.1955, D. Steinberg (1 ♀, ZISP). TURKEY. Antalya Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.737778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.316666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.737778/lat 37.316666)">Akseki</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.737778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.316666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.737778/lat 37.316666)">Murtiçi</a> [36°52′59.5″N 31°45′49.8″E], 3.VI.1996, leg. M. Snižek (1 ♂, 1 ♀, OLBL); Mardin Province: Mardin [37°19′00.0″N 40°44′16.0″E], 21.VI.1997, leg. M. Halada (1 ♀, OLBL).</p><p>Distribution. Turkey, * Iran.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C687D0FFE0436CFF64FF534757FE5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Danilov, Yuriy N.;Odintsev, Oleg A.	Danilov, Yuriy N., Odintsev, Oleg A. (2022): Review of the digger wasps of the genus Chilosphex Menke in Bohart and Menke 1976 (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Prionychini). Zootaxa 5200 (6): 587-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5200.6.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5200.6.6
