identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C6043AFFE4916AFCC8FEF0FBABF95D.text	03C6043AFFE4916AFCC8FEF0FBABF95D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caprella carinata Arimoto 1934	<div><p>Caprella carinata Arimoto, 1934</p><p>나AEḦnjņaeffių대ȒNj (ljḏ)* (Figs. 2 - 4)</p><p>Caprella carinata Arimoto, 1934: 496, figs. 2, 8, 17, 21 - 22, 27.</p><p>Caprella (Caprella) carinata: Arimoto, 1976: 97, figs. 51 - 53.</p><p>Caprella eximia sensu Lee &amp; Hong, 2011: 59, fig. 42D, E.</p><p>Material examined. 35 males, 41 females, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.47333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.4525" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.47333/lat 38.4525)">Geojin-ri</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.47333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.4525" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.47333/lat 38.4525)">Geojin-eup</a>, Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 38°27 ʹ 09 ʺ N, 128°28 ʹ 24 ʺ E, S.G. Lee, by SCUBA diving, 29 August 2018 ; 12 males, 6 females, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.79529&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.944168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.79529/lat 37.944168)">Namae-ri</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.79529&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.944168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.79529/lat 37.944168)">Hyeonnam-myeon</a>, Yangyang-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 37°56 ʹ 39 ʺ N, 128° 47 ʹ 43 ʺ E, S.G. Lee, by SCUBA diving, 30 August 2018 ; 8 males, 9 females, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.18195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.466946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.18195/lat 37.466946)">Gyo-dong</a>, Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do, Korea, 37°28 ʹ 01 ʺ N, 129°10 ʹ 55 ʺ E, S.G. Lee, by SCUBA diving, 31 August 2018 ; 2 males, 3 females, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.52556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.378887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.52556/lat 38.378887)">Gajin-ri</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.52556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.378887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.52556/lat 38.378887)">Jukwang-myeon</a>, Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 38°22 ʹ 44 ʺ N, 128°31 ʹ 32 ʺ E, S.G. Lee, by SCUBA diving, 21 April 2019 ; 2 males, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.43861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.485558" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.43861/lat 38.485558)">Chodo-port</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.43861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.485558" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.43861/lat 38.485558)">Hyeonnae-myeon</a>, Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, 38°29 ʹ 08 ʺ N, 128°26 ʹ 19 ʺ E, Y.H. Kim, by port survey, 11 January 2023 .</p><p>Description. Male (MABIK CR00257943): Body (Figs. 2A, 3A) 11.6 mm long. Head smooth without process. Eyes small and round. Pereonite 1 elongate and fused with head; pereonite 2 with a projection anterodorsally, a pair of projections laterally, two pairs of projections posterodorsally and two pairs of anteriorly curved projections middorsally and posterodorsally; pereonite 3 longest; pereonites 3, 4 with dorsal and lateral projections, elongated gill; pereonite 5 subequal to pereonites 2, 4, with dorsal and lateral projections; pereonites 6, 7 short, with dorsal projections; length ratio of pereonites 2 - 7 = 1.00: 1.06: 0.99: 1.00: 0.50: 0.40.</p><p>Antenna 1 (Fig. 3B) 0.67 × body length; peduncular articles with sparse short; length ratio of peduncular articles 1 - 3 = 1.00: 1.58: 1.17; flagellum slender, 21-ar- ticulate, 0.84 × peduncle, each article with 1 aesthetasc ventrodistally.</p><p>Antenna 2 (Fig. 3C) setose, shorter than antenna 1, not reaching the distal end of peduncular article 3 of antenna 1; peduncular articles 4, 5 and flagellum article 1 with many long swimming setae ventrally; length ratio of peduncular articles 3 - 5 = 1.00: 3.72: 4.02; flagellum biarticulate, 0.85 × peduncular article 5.</p><p>Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 3D) small; basis broken, with an- terodistal process; merus with simple setae distally; car- pus subtriangular, with expending rounded lobe and long simple setae ventrodistally; propodus narrowing distally, palm slightly convex, with unequal setae, proximal projection conspicuously provided; dactylus falcate, slightly exceeding palm; length ratio of 6 articles = 1.00: 0.31: 0.37: 0.70: 1.45: 1.33.</p><p>Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 3E) attached midanterior margin of pereonite 2, long and slender; basis, anterior margin ser- rate slightly; basis, ischium, merus with process on each distal portion, propodus elongate, longer than basis, width 0.38 × length, with a small robust (grasping) seta on proximal projection, palm with triangular projection near distal margin, small poison tooth situated nearly triangular</p><p>B</p><p>projection; dactylus falcate, slightly curved; length ratio of 6 articles = 1.00: 0.13: 0.24: 0.09: 1.33: 0.98.</p><p>Pereopod 5 (Fig. 4A), stout; basis with large triangular process posterodistally; ischium short; merus expanded posteriorly with simple setae; propodus longest, with long simple setae posteriorly, palm defined by a pair of robust (grasping) setae midanteriorly; dactylus falcate; length ratio of 6 articles = 1.00: 0.32: 1.05: 1.08: 2.16: 2.11.</p><p>Pereopod 6 (Fig. 4B) similar to pereopod 5, but merus more elongated than that of pereopod 5; length ratio of 6 articles = 1.00: 0.25: 1.14: 1.08: 2.16: 2.11.</p><p>Pereopod 7 (Fig. 4C) similar to pereopod 6, but basis and merus narrower and more elongated than that of pereopod 6; length ratio of 6 articles = 1.00: 0.18: 0.91: 0.77: 1.50: 1.16.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 4D) with a pair of appendages, lateral lobes and a dorsal lobe; plumose setae on dorsal lobe missing; penes medial.</p><p>Female (DKUAMP202410): Body (Figs. 2B, 4E) about 7.9 mm long; generally as in male, but stouter than male, pereonites 3, 4 with rounded brood pouches.</p><p>Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 4F) similar to that of male but each article shorter than those of male.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 4G) without appendage, with a pair of lateral lobes and a dorsal lobe; with a pair of plumose setae on dorsal lobe.</p><p>Remarks. Caprella carinata is morphologically similar to C. acanthogaster Mayer, 1890, C. eximia Mayer, 1890, and C. mutica Schurin, 1935, and can be characterized by the following features: (1) pereonites 2 - 5 with dorsal projections; (2) gnathopod 2 elongate, with propodus bear- ing a poison tooth and a robust (grasping) seta; (3) gill elongated; and (4) pereopods 5 - 7, bases with triangular process posterodistally and palms of propodi defined by a pair of midanterior robust (grasping) setae (Mayer, 1890; Arimoto, 1976; Lee and Hong, 2011; Heo et al., 2020). These morphological similarities often lead to misidentification among these species. However, C. carinata can be distinguished from these species by the following features: (1) pereonite 1 with anteriorly curved dorsal projection (vs. without dorsal projection on C. acanthogaster, C. eximia, and C. mutica); (2) pereonite 2 and gnathopod 2 without hair (vs. with hair on C. mutica); (3) pereonites 2 - 5 with lateral projections (vs. without lateral projection in C. eximia); (4) antenna 1, peduncular articles of equal thickness (vs. peduncular article 3 widening distally in C. acanthogaster and C. mutica); and (5) gnathopod 2, propodus with straight poison tooth (vs. curved poison tooth in C. eximia) (see Table 1).</p><p>Confusion between Caprella acanthogaster and C. mutica is common (Arimoto, 1976; Kim and Lee, 1978; Heo et al., 2020), and historical records have also mis- identified C. carinata as C. eximia (Lee and Hong, 2011) . Distinguishing these species is particularly challenging in juvenile or female specimens, underscoring the need for refined classification keys and molecular data to clarify the taxonomy of these closely related species.</p><p>Distribution. Korea (East Sea), Japan (Yamada Bay, Kuji Bay, Sunosaki to Kinkazan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6043AFFE4916AFCC8FEF0FBABF95D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kim, So-Yeon Shin and Young-Hyo	Kim, So-Yeon Shin and Young-Hyo (2025): A new record of the species Caprella carinata (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Caprellidae) from Korean waters. Journal of Species Research 14 (2): 200-205, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16967524
