taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C38781EC6E7F65FFD1F9CEFEF58374.taxon	description	Resembling most Mendoncia iodioides (Moore) Heine, differing from this species by the longer pedicels, the larger, pinnately veined bracteoles, and the stellate-hairy calyx. — Type: J. J. Wieringa, Mackinder & Nana 5855 (holo WAG 2 sheets, WAG 0237438 & WAG 0237439; iso K, YA), Cameroon, Littoral Region, in the proposed Ebo F. R., N 4 ° 21.53 ' E 10 ° 25.07 ', alt. 910 m, 9 Mar. 2007. Liana, climbing to canopy. Branchlets, leaves, inflorescences (bracteoles outside) hispid-hairy mixed with shorter, stellate and / or branched hairs. Leaves opposite: petiole ± terete, slightly grooved above, 25 – 40 (– 50) mm long; lamina broadly ovate-elliptic, 1.2 – 1.5 times as long as wide, 5.5 – 16 by 4 – 12 cm, rounded to subcordate at base, rounded to acute at apex, glabrescent, more rapidly so above; main lateral nerves 5 – 6 (– 7) pairs. Inflorescence axillary, fasciculate, (1 –) 3 – 4 - flowered. Pedicel 20 – 40 (– 50) mm long. Bracteoles ovate, 25 – 30 by 15 – 20 mm, pinnately, reddish purple veined, obtuse at base, 2 – 3 mm apiculate at the apex, minutely pustulate inside. Flowers only partly known; calyx shallowly lobed, 1.5 – 2.5 mm long, stellately hairy outside; corolla (not seen by us) white-yellow (Cable et al. 3884); disc cupular, c. twice as long as the calyx, glabrous; ovary ellipsoid, c. 9 mm long, appressed-pubescent. Fruits ellipsoid, c. 2 cm long, velutinous, black at maturity. Habitat & Distribution — Tropical submontane rain forest in Cameroon, Littoral and SW Regions. Altitude 700 – 910 m. Additional specimens studied. CAMEROON, South-West Region, Cable et al. 3884 (BR, K, P, WAG), Kupe Mt, SW Kupe village, 17 July 1996; Etuge 2769 (BR, K, P, WAG), ibid., 12 July 1996; SchÖnenberger et al. 50 (BR, K, WAG), Kupe Mt, SW slope, N 4 ° 45 ' E 9 ° 41 ', 8 Nov. 1995. Littoral Region, Osborne & Beheng 118 (K), Ebo Forest proposed National Park, near research station, 2006; Van der Burgt & Ngansop 1700 (BR, K, MO *, P, SCA *, WAG, YA *), Ebo proposed National Park, trail to Iboti, 2 Dec. 2013. Conservation status — Both the EOO (271 km 2) and AOO (16 km 2) indicate Endangered. Since none of the localities is currently protected while there is extensive logging in Cameroon, and the number of subpopulations is only two which could be considered, depending on a likely difference in logging pressure, as either 1 – 2 locations, we assess this species as Endangered (EN B 1 ab (i-v) & 2 a, b (i-v )). In case the areas where this species occurs would be protected as National Parks, its status should be reconsidered to become Vulnerable (VU D 2). Note — SchÖnenberger 50 was used in the phylogenetic study of the Thunbergioideae by Borg et al. (2008), identified as M. phytocrenoides. Magnaghi & Daniel (2017) have also identified specimens of this consistently as M. phytocrenoides. However, the distinct venation of the bracteoles and general indumentum distinguish this species from both M. iodioides and M. phytocrenoides.	en	Breteler, F. J., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): A synopsis of Mendoncia (Acanthaceae) in continental Africa including the description of two new species from western Central Africa and a new subspecies from West Africa. Blumea 63 (2): 109-119, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.03
03C38781EC6B7F65FFD1FD20FE44859C.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Conservation status — The EOO (252 749 km 2) indicates Least Concern, the AOO (160 km 2) Endangered. With at least 15 subpopulations, of which some in protected areas or with recent collections, we assess this species as Least Concern, but with the continuation of habit loss in West Africa it might have to be moved to Vulnerable. Note — Magnaghi & Daniel (2017) did not record this species for Sierra Leone, our record is based on Jaeger 7539 (P) which is indeed not cited by them.	en	Breteler, F. J., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): A synopsis of Mendoncia (Acanthaceae) in continental Africa including the description of two new species from western Central Africa and a new subspecies from West Africa. Blumea 63 (2): 109-119, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.03
03C38781EC6B7F64FFD1FB48FEBE829B.taxon	description	Habitat & Distribution — Tropical rain forest in Gabon. Altitude up to c. 300 m. Additional specimen studied. GABON, Ngounié, Breteler et al. 14049 (BR, BRLU, E, K, LBV, MO, WAG), between Yombi and Fougamou, eastern slope of Koumounabouali ridge, S 1 ° 20 ' E 10 ° 40 ', in disturbed primary forest, 22 Sept. 1997. Conservation status — Mendoncia floribunda has only been collected twice, resulting in an AOO of 8 km 2. The type was collected 125 years ago in present day Libreville and this subpopulation should be considered lost, resulting in a current AOO of 4 km 2. The other known locality does not have any protected status, while there is continuous logging in this area. We therefore assess this species as Critically Endangered (CR, B 2 a, b (ii, iii )). Note — Lirayea floribunda of Pierre was based on Jolly 101 ­ bis, a specimen consisting of a few inflorescences attached to a part of a stem and a single, separate leaf. The inflorescence is like that of M. lindaviana, but the hairy leaf is not, because M. lindaviana has glabrous leaves. Pierre (1896) did not want to describe this leaf as belonging to his Lirayea floribunda, because it was not attached to the flowering element of his type material. Flowering or fruiting herbarium material of the cauliflorous M. lindaviana for instance, is very rarely found attached to a leafy branch, because these elements are, in nature, usually separated by several meters. When only the flowering element of Jolly 101 ­ bis is taken into account, it is understandable that Heine (1966) synonymised Pierre’s name under Mendoncia lindaviana. In his reasoning, however, Heine made a mistake in notifying that Zenker 965, to which Pierre’s type material was compared, is an isotype of Afromendoncia lindaviana. The latter is only based on Soyaux 156, Zenker 965 was not yet collected. The collection Breteler et al. 14049 shows that a cauliflorous Mendoncia like M. lindaviana but with hairy leaves does exist. Collecting of this specimen was carefully executed by climbing the supporting tree in order to assure that the leafy branchlets were collected from the same individual as the flowering elements. The hairy leaves have been compared with the single leaf of Jolly 101 ­ bis with the inevitable conclusion that both collections belong to the same species: Mendoncia floribunda, distinct from M. lindaviana. The type specimen of Mendoncia floribunda in P does not show any corolla’s, although Pierre (1896) described them in his protologue and they are depicted in the accompanying illustration by Delpy. They may have been lost. The type material is numbered Jolly 101 ­ bis and Delpy refers to it as such on the illustration. Pierre in his protologue of the basionym Lirayea floribunda, however, refers to it as Jolly 101.	en	Breteler, F. J., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): A synopsis of Mendoncia (Acanthaceae) in continental Africa including the description of two new species from western Central Africa and a new subspecies from West Africa. Blumea 63 (2): 109-119, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.03
03C38781EC6A7F64FFD1FC4BFA5C804E.taxon	description	– Bracteoles ovate-elliptic, rounded to obtuse at base, (10 –) 12 – 15 (– 18) by 8 – 10 (– 15) mm; part of pedicel above attachment of bracteoles ≤ 1 mm long. — Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), Tanzania ........................... a. subsp. gilgiana	en	Breteler, F. J., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): A synopsis of Mendoncia (Acanthaceae) in continental Africa including the description of two new species from western Central Africa and a new subspecies from West Africa. Blumea 63 (2): 109-119, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.03
03C38781EC697F67FFD1FC94FDB787B3.taxon	description	Mendoncia gilgiana Lindau (Benoist) var. tisserantii auct. non Benoist; Adam (1981) 2032, pl. 1031; Hawthorn & Jongkind (2006) 442. Differing from Mendoncia gilgiana (Lindau) Benoist subsp. gilgiana by the larger cordate bracteoles and a longer pedicel part above the attachment of the bracteoles. In general, this subspecies is more glabrous than the typical subspecies. — Type: X. M. van der Burgt 1290 (holo WAG; iso K), Guinea, Ziama Mts., N 8 ° 22 ' 35 " W 9 ° 19 ' 36 ", alt. 960 m, 11 Sept. 2008. Habitat & Distribution — Submontane rain forest or semi-deciduous forest in Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, and Ghana. Altitude 520 – 960 m. Additional specimens studied. GHANA, Eastern Region, Atewa Range F. R., 4 Apr. 1969, Hall & Enti GC 39461 (K). – GUINEA, Nzérékoré, Cheek et al. 13865 (K, WAG), Ziama Mts, alt. 543 m, 24 Oct. 2008. Goman et al. 97 (K, WAG), ibid., alt. 520 m, 21 Oct. 2008. – IVORY COAST, Danané, Aké Assi 5424 (K), between Danané and Nzo, 24 Aug. 1958; Aké Assi 7047 (P), Nimpleu, near Mont Momy, Oct. 1961; Toumodi, Farron 566 (WAG), Orumbo-Boka, 19 Sept. 1981. – LIBERIA, Lofa, Baldwin 9971 (K), Vonjama Distr., Nekabozu, 24 Oct. 1947; Nimba, Adam 29700 (P *), Granga Mt, 1 Oct. 1975. – UNKNOWN, Nozeran s. n. (P), border Ivory Coast with Guinea, Sept. 1955. Conservation status — Mendoncia gilgiana subsp. occidentalis has an EOO of 66 377 km 2 and an AOO of 32 km 2 from six or seven subpopulations in a region where there is an enormous pressure from population growth and logging. Considering the species occurs in four different countries which each their own forestry laws and dynamics, we consider the number of localities to be four or five. We assess this subspecies as Endangered (EN: B 2 a, b (i, ii, iii, iv, v )). This species has quite specific habitat requirements (submontane forests) and is not likely to be much more widespread than is currently known.	en	Breteler, F. J., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): A synopsis of Mendoncia (Acanthaceae) in continental Africa including the description of two new species from western Central Africa and a new subspecies from West Africa. Blumea 63 (2): 109-119, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.03
03C38781EC697F66FFD1F962FD688317.taxon	distribution	Distribution — SE Nigeria, SW Cameroon. Additional specimens studied. CAMEROON, South-West Region, Van Andel et al. 3729 (WAG), Cameroon Mt, Njonje, 20 June 2001. Conservation status — The areas of occupancy (AOO) is 8 km 2 while the extent of occurrence (EOO) cannot be calculated for only two collections. The species is evaluated as Critically Endangered because the recent collection originates from the very margin of a protected area in an area with high population pressure, while the collection by Talbot is over a century old, from an unprotected site, and it has not been found in Nigeria since, so we infer past and future decline of habitat and population size (CR, B 2 a, b (i, ii, iii, iv, v )). Note — Heine (1966) reduced M. iodioides to a variety of M. phytocrenoides, but consequently, in Flore du Gabon as well as on his identification slips in the Paris herbarium, used ioides instead of iodioides. This is not permissible when referring to Moore’s specific epithet, and it is in this paper treated as an orthographic error. The character by which Heine distinguished his two varieties in the Flore du Gabon (Heine 1966) is found in the type of indumentum, mainly composed of stellate hairs for the type variety and mainly of simple hairs for var. iodioides. This difference in indumentum indeed exists, but should be attributed the other way around, M. phytocrenoides has an indumentum of mainly simple hairs. The illustration on p. 75 of the Flore du Gabon shows the type variety with mainly simple hairs and not var. iodioides. Moreover, Mann 1839, the type of M. phytocrenoides, is not the only collection of the type variety as Heine (1966) claimed. Here again he confounded the two varieties because at that time it was var. iodioides that was known only by the type. Magnaghi & Daniel (2017) consider iodioides as a synonym of phytocrenoides because they found the pubescence character to be not consistent, but also because they state that the varieties overlap geographically. But besides the difference in indumentum, there are more characters to differentiate between these two species, notably the size and shape of the bracteoles and the length of the pedicel, and in our delimitation their distributions do not overlap. Therefore, Mendoncia iodioides is here reinstated as a distinct species. Moore (1913) described the style of Afromendoncia iodioides as hairy. Investigation of the holotype from BM revealed a glabrous style like in Van Andel 3729 (WAG), the second collection of this species. At present fruits of M. iodioides are unknown.	en	Breteler, F. J., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): A synopsis of Mendoncia (Acanthaceae) in continental Africa including the description of two new species from western Central Africa and a new subspecies from West Africa. Blumea 63 (2): 109-119, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.03
03C38781EC687F66FFD1FDC1FD4485A2.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Cameroon, (Equatorial Guinea?), Gabon, Central African Republic, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa). Conservation status — The EOO of this species is 1 792 644 km 2, and the AOO based on herbarium vouchers using 2 km squares is 312 km 2. Some of the records are from protected areas, and this species occurs over a range of countries and different forest types which will have different logging pressures. This results in our assessment of at least 20 locations, and hence we consider it Least Concern (LC). Note — We have not seen any specimens from Equatorial Guinea, but given its presence along the northern, eastern and southern borders just inside Cameroon and Gabon we find it very likely it occurs in mainland Equatorial Guinea as well.	en	Breteler, F. J., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): A synopsis of Mendoncia (Acanthaceae) in continental Africa including the description of two new species from western Central Africa and a new subspecies from West Africa. Blumea 63 (2): 109-119, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.03
03C38781EC687F66FFD1FB4CFAB98288.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo (Kinshasa). Conservation status — Our currently known distribution results in an EOO of 790 730 km 2 and an AOO (based on 2 km squares) of 68 km 2. We estimate the number of subpopulations to be about 12. Several of these subpopulations (partly) occur in currently protected areas, and the unprotected ones are located in different zones in different countries, facing different potential threats (logging, mining). We assess the number as locations as 11, and only a part of them to have a direct threat of habitat loss. We therefore assess this species as Least Concern (LC). Note — The distribution of M. phytocrenoides is highly disjunct, because there is no collection known from the area between Lastoursville and Bélinga in Gabon on the one hand and Kiaselala in eastern Congo (Kinshasa) (A. Léonard 3905, BR, P) on the other hand. Analysis of the most eastern collection did not reveal any character by which it differs from the Gabon material. We did not have access to two other collections from this region that are cited by Magnaghi & Daniel (2017). More or less similar disjunct distributions are reported for Dichapetalum dewildei Breteler (Breteler 1978), Protomegabaria meiocarpa J. Léonard (Breteler 2012, 2014), Sorindeia winkleri Engl. (Breteler 2003), and Stapfiella lucida Robyns (Leal & Sosef 2011). The explanation of these disjunctions might be the very high precipitation in this part of eastern Congo, similar to that of Gabon, which was not known until recently satellite rainfall data became available (Deblauwe et al. 2016).	en	Breteler, F. J., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): A synopsis of Mendoncia (Acanthaceae) in continental Africa including the description of two new species from western Central Africa and a new subspecies from West Africa. Blumea 63 (2): 109-119, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.03
03C38781EC687F68FC8BFC3EFDB58757.taxon	description	By its small leaves resembling Mendoncia gilgiana Benoist subsp. gilgiana, differing by its single-flowered inflorescences and by its indumentum of hispid hairs mixed with some stellate / branched hairs. — Type: Schoenmaker 177 (holo WAG 2 sheets WAG 0088063 & WAG 0088064), Gabon, Ogooué-Maritime, Rabi-Kounga, c. S 1 ° 45 ' E 9 ° 57 ', 22 Nov. 1991. Liana. Branchlets hispid mixed with some smaller, stellate and / or branched hairs, glabrescent and corky ribbed lengthwise when older. Leaves opposite: petiole semi-terete, grooved above, 6 – 12 mm long, hairy like branchlet; lamina ovate-elliptic, (4 –) 6 – 10 by (2 –) 3 – 4 cm rounded at base, acutely 0.5 – 1.5 cm acuminate at apex, sparsely pubescent both sides on midrib and the 3 – 4 pairs of main lateral nerves, the latter distinct beneath, glabrescent. Flowers axillary, solitary. Pedicel (in fruit) 20 – 25 mm long, hairy like branchlet. Bracteoles (in fruit) ovate-elliptic, c. 25 by 15 mm, palmately 4 – 5 nerved, strigose hispidulous mixed with stellate and / or branched hairs outside, glabrous inside. Calyx in fruit c. 2 mm long, glabrous. Corolla and stamens unknown. Fruit ovoid, 17 by 11 mm, glabrous. Habitat & Distribution — Tropical rain forest in West Gabon. Altitude 0 – 100 m. Additional specimen studied. GABON, Ogooué-Maritime, McPherson 15543 (K), Rabi-Kounga, c. S 1 ° 45 ' E 9 ° 57 ', 22 Nov. 1991. Conservation status — Mendoncia rabiensis is only known from a single population with probably only a single individual sampled (see notes), in an area that is currently not formally protected. There is some logging in the area, but when Shell will abandon their oil exploitation (as is expected in the short term), and with the construction of a new road from Port-Gentil to the South, the area will be under more severe pressure by wood extraction and settlers. Therefore, the species is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR; 2 a, b (ii, iii, v )). Notes — McPherson 15543 (K) resembles the holotype in all aspects. It has been collected on the same day, at the same locality, and with the same field notes: ‘ liana, bracts and fruits pale green’. We consider it likely the material is derived from the same plant. Magnaghi & Daniel (2017) saw McPherson 15543 in K bearing already a new annotation label of M. rabiensis by the first author and discuss why they think it fits M. combretoides. It indeed shares with that species relatively small leaves and branched trichomes, however, M. combretoides does not have simple fairly long hispid hairs as are found in M. rabiensis, and it usually has several flowers per axil where M. rabiensis has only one. According to Magnaghi & Daniel (2017) M. combretoides may have small simple appressed hairs as well, but we could not find these. Also, the difference in geography (Upper Guinea vs Gabon) should not easily be put aside.	en	Breteler, F. J., Wieringa, J. J. (2018): A synopsis of Mendoncia (Acanthaceae) in continental Africa including the description of two new species from western Central Africa and a new subspecies from West Africa. Blumea 63 (2): 109-119, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.03
