identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C187B8FFEEFFEFFF072C971F570618.text	03C187B8FFEEFFEFFF072C971F570618.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chicoreus (Triplex) brunneus (Link 1807)	<div><p>Chicoreus (Triplex) brunneus (Link, 1807)</p><p>Figs 3A–R; 4A–U</p><p>Purpura brunnea Link, 1807: 121 (reference to Martini, 1777: figs 990, 991, 993, 994)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187B8FFEEFFEFFF072C971F570618	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Houart, Roland;Russini, Valeria;Fassio, Giulia;Oliverio, Marco	Houart, Roland, Russini, Valeria, Fassio, Giulia, Oliverio, Marco (2025): Developmental types and a new cryptic species of Chicoreus (Gastropoda: Muricidae) from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 5723 (2): 245-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.5
03C187B8FFEEFFEFFF072E631BB001CD.text	03C187B8FFEEFFEFFF072E631BB001CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Muricinae Rafinesque 1815	<div><p>Subfamily Muricinae Rafinesque, 1815</p><p>Remarks. Recently, muricids have been typically classified into 12 subfamilies (e.g.: Houart 2018; Merle et al. 2022), integrating information from molecular phylogenetics (Barco et al. 2010, 2012) and anatomical and shell characters. However, the most recent molecular phylogenetic analysis (Russini et al. 2023), provided strong evidence to restrict the concept of the subfamily Muricinae s.s. to the clade including the type genus ( Murex) and related taxa ( Bolinus, Chicomurex, Chicoreus, Haustellum, Hexaplex, Muricanthus, Naquetia, Phyllonotus, Siratus, Vokesimurex), thus excluding from the subfamily the genera Timbellus, Flexopteron, Ponderia, and Pterynotus as in part already suggested by Barco et al. (2010) and Merle et al. (2011).</p><p>Genus Chicoreus Montfort, 1810</p><p>Subgenus Triplex Perry, 1810</p><p>Type species (by monotypy): Triplex foliatus Perry, 1810 (= Murex palmarosae Lamarck, 1822), Indo-West Pacific.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187B8FFEEFFEFFF072E631BB001CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Houart, Roland;Russini, Valeria;Fassio, Giulia;Oliverio, Marco	Houart, Roland, Russini, Valeria, Fassio, Giulia, Oliverio, Marco (2025): Developmental types and a new cryptic species of Chicoreus (Gastropoda: Muricidae) from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 5723 (2): 245-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.5
03C187B8FFEAFFF5FF072B2618730081.text	03C187B8FFEAFFF5FF072B2618730081.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chicoreus (Triplex) microphyllus (Lamarck 1816)	<div><p>Chicoreus (Triplex) microphyllus (Lamarck, 1816)</p><p>Fig. 5A; F–R</p><p>Murex microphyllus Lamarck, 1816: pl. 415, fig. 5.</p><p>Murex microphyllus Lamarck, 1822: 1822: 163 .</p><p>Chicoreus poirieri Jousseaume, 1881: 349 .</p><p>Murex jousseaumei Poirier, 1883: 58, pl. 6, fig. 1.</p><p>Type Material. Lectotype of Murex microphyllus . INDO-WEST PACIFIC • dd; unknown locality; MHNG 1099/22, designated by Houart (1992: 59).</p><p>Lectotype of Chicoreus poirieri . NEW CALEDONIA • dd; unprecised locality; MNHN-IM-2000-863, designated by Houart (1992: 59).</p><p>Lectotype of M. jousseaumei . NEW CALEDONIA • dd; unprecised locality; MNHN-IM-2000-981, designated by Houart (1992: 59).</p><p>Material Examined. Dozens of lots not assessed genetically or without a readable protoconchs, examined by us during the years, are not listed here.</p><p>NEW CALEDONIA • 1 lv, juv; secteur de Touho, MONTROUZIER stn 1240; 20°47'S, 165°15' E; 0–2 m; (Fig. 5H–J); MNHN-IM-2018-1787 • 1 lv, juv; Belep Islands; 16.9 mm; (Fig. 5P–R); RH .</p><p>VANUATU • 1 lv, ad; E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=167.21666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.566667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 167.21666/lat -15.566667)">Aoré Island</a>, Mambeto Point, SANTO 2006, stn DR09; 15°34' S, 167°13' E; 12 m; (Fig. 5K–L); MNHN-IM-2009-4998 .</p><p>PAPUA NEW GUINEA • 1 lv, ad; Hansa Bay, Laing Island; 61.4 mm; (Fig.5M–N); RH .</p><p>PHILIPPINES • 1 lv, ad; Balabac Island; 10–30 m; 57.6 mm; (Fig. 5O); RH .</p><p>Distribution. Throughout the Tropical Indo-West Pacific.</p><p>Description. Shell up to 90 mm in length, stout. Spire high, with 1.75–2.5 protoconch whorls and up to 9 rounded teleoconch whorls. Protoconch paucispiral, whorls rounded, glossy.</p><p>Last whorl with 3 frondose varices, each with 5 or 6 short, open, frondose spines, intermediate spinelets short. Adapical spines usually short to obsolete but specimens with long shoulder spine not uncommon. Other axial sculpture of 3 or occasionally 2 low intervarical, nodose ridges. Spiral sculpture of 6 or 7 squamous cords, P1–P6 or P1–s6, flanked by squamous secondary cords and threads. Small nodules formed where primary cords cross axial sculpture.</p><p>Aperture ovate. Columellar lip fully adherent, usually bearing series of weak denticles along the edge. Moderately strong callus delineating large, deep anal sulcus. Outer lip crenulate, strongly lirate for short distance within. Siphonal canal moderately short, narrowly open, abaperturally bent at tip, bearing 2 or 3 short, frondose, open spines.</p><p>Colour pale brown with darker spiral cords and dark brown siphonal canal. Aperture glossy white or bluish-white. Columellar lip peach, pale orange or bluish-white.</p><p>Remarks. Similar to the case of Chicoreus brunneus, none of the type specimens examined for C. microphyllus and its synonyms has a preserved protoconch. For the sake of stability and in accordance with previous authors (Radwin &amp; D'Attilio, 1976; Houart, 1992; Merle et al. 2011), we restrict the concept of Chicoreus microphyllus to the lineage with paucispiral protoconch, and keep the two synonyms Chicoreus poirieri Jousseaume, 1881 and Murex jousseaumei Poirier, 1883, within the same concept.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187B8FFEAFFF5FF072B2618730081	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Houart, Roland;Russini, Valeria;Fassio, Giulia;Oliverio, Marco	Houart, Roland, Russini, Valeria, Fassio, Giulia, Oliverio, Marco (2025): Developmental types and a new cryptic species of Chicoreus (Gastropoda: Muricidae) from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 5723 (2): 245-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.5
03C187B8FFF4FFF7FF072C571E5106ED.text	03C187B8FFF4FFF7FF072C571E5106ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chicoreus (Triplex) phyrtos Houart & Russini & Fassio & Oliverio 2025	<div><p>Chicoreus (Triplex) phyrtos sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 6A–P urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E9F72DE7-9278-4256-8DDE-2F16FD213E87</p><p>Etymology. FROm The ancIenT GReek φυρτός, LaTInIZed phyrtos, meaning mixed. This name is used here because illustrations of Chicoreus microphyllus in previous publications are probably a mixture of two species.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. PAPUA NEW GUINEA • 1 lv, ad; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.81667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.81667/lat -5.2)">Kranket Island</a>, PAPUA NIUGINI stn PR90; 05°12' S, 145° 49' E; 55.4 mm; MNHN-IM-2013-14939.</p><p>Paratypes. PAPUA NEW GUINEA • 1 lv, juv; E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.1666665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.85/lat -5.1666665)">Tab Island</a>, PAPUA NIUGINI stn PR4; 05°10' S, 145°51' E; 30 m; outer slope; 32.5 mm; MNHN-IM-2013-10234 • 1 lv, juv; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.8/lat -5.15)">Padoz Reef</a>, PAPUA NIUGINI stn PR12; 05°9' S, 145°48' E; 2–30 m; 31.2 mm; MNHN-IM2013-15254 • 1 lv, ad; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.81667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.81667/lat -5.2)">Kranket Island</a>, Cape Jantzen, PAPUA NIUGINI stn PR16; 05°12' S, 145°49' E; 13 m; 58.2 mm; MNHN-IM-2000-40288 • 1 lv, 1 ad; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.81667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.81667/lat -5.133333)">East Wonad Island</a>, PAPUA NIUGINI stn PR53; 05°8' S, 145°49' E; 20 m; 72.3 mm; MNHN-IM-2013-13871 • 1 lv, ad; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.81667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.81667/lat -5.2)">Kranket Island</a>, Cape Jantzen, PAPUA NIUGINI stn PR97; 05°12' S, 145°49' E; 58.6 mm; MNHN-IM-2000-40289 • 1 lv, juv; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.81667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.81667/lat -5.2)">Kranket Island</a>, Cape Jantzen, PAPUA NIUGINI stn PR97; 05°12' S, 145°49' E; 19.9 mm; MNHN-IM-2013-15318 .</p><p>Type locality. Papua New Guinea, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.81667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.81667/lat -5.2)">Kranket Island</a>, 05°12' S, 145° 49' E .</p><p>Distribution. Specimens of Chicoreus phyrtos sp. nov. with intact protoconch or having been subjected to a molecular analysis were only collected in Papua New Guinea, living at 2–30 m depth.</p><p>Description. Shell up to 72.3 mm in length at maturity. Length/width ratio 2.06–2.12. Slender, lanceolate, narrowly ovate, heavy, weakly spinose and nodose. Subsutural ramp narrow, weakly sloping, weakly concave; broader and more strongly sloping in early whorls.</p><p>Shell dark brown or blackish brown, lighter coloured in interspaces of primary spiral cords and between primary and secondary cords. Occasionally with lighter coloured spiral cords, forming broad, cream to light brown spiral bands; lighter coloured 6 or 7 first teleoconch whorls. Ventral part of siphonal canal whitish on left side. Subsutural uniformly dark brown. Aperture bluish-white within, columellar lip and outer lip light orange for a short distance within.</p><p>Spire high, acute, with 2.50–2.75 protoconch whorls and teleoconch up to 10 moderately broad, convex, elongate, weakly shouldered, spinose and nodose whorls. Suture of whorls impressed. Protoconch small, conical, acute, with a strong, narrow, single keel abapically, otherwise smooth; whorls convex, glossy; maximum width and height 1000 µm; terminal lip delicate, raised, curved, of sinusigera type.</p><p>Axial sculpture of teleoconch whorls consisting of axial ribs on first whorl and low strong narrow, nodose varices and axial ribs from second to last whorl. First whorl with 10 or 11 ribs, second to last whorl with 3 narrow, rounded, moderately high varices and 2 or 3 intervarical, nodose ribs from second to antepenultimate whorl. Last whorl with 3 or 4 intervarical ribs. Spiral sculpture of low, rounded, narrow, squamous and nodose primary, secondary and tertiary cords, and additional numerous threads. Subsutural ramp with adis, IP and additional threads, followed by P1, s1, P2, s2, P3, s3, P4, s4, P5, s5, t, on convex part of whorl and ADP, ads, MP, ms, ABP, abs on siphonal canal. Additional several strongly nodose, narrow threads between primary and secondary cords and on top of primary cords P1–P6 and ADP, MP, MP which extend as short, broad, frondose spines on varices. P1 spine short, P2 spine shorter, then spines increasing in length abapically, P6 cord with longest spine. Secondary cords ending as short, ventrally bent, open spinelets between primary spines.</p><p>Aperture moderately large, ovate. Columellar lip narrow with weak, low, or moderately high knobs on entire length of outer edge and high, narrow parietal tooth at adapical extremity. Anal notch deep, narrow. Outer lip strongly crenulated with short lirae within, extending as strong crenulations at lip. Siphonal canal short, 26–29% of total shell length, moderately narrow, straight, strongly dorsally recurved at tip, narrowly open ventrally, bearing 3 frondose, short spines extending from spiral cords. ADP and MP spines weakly adapically recurved at tip, ABP spine shortest, abapically bent, occasionally with an additional abs.</p><p>Operculum dark brown, ovate, with apical nucleus.</p><p>Remarks. Chicoreus phyrtos sp. nov. is morphologically indistinguishable from C. microphyllus (Fig. 5A, F–R) except in having a 2.50–2.75 whorls conical protoconch with a sinusigeral notch, indicating a planktotrophic larval phase vs C. microphyllus with 1.75–2.5 rounded protoconch whorls indicating a lecithotrophic larval development.</p><p>A shell with broken or strongly eroded protoconch cannot be correctly identified using any other morphological character of the shell.</p><p>The protoconch of Chicoreus phyrtos sp. nov. is similar to that of C. torrefactus (G.B. Sowerby II, 1841) (Fig. 5C) once considered a synonym of C. microphyllus (e.g. Radwin &amp; D'Attilio 1976: 39). However, C. torrefactus is clearly different molecularly, and differs morphologically from both C. phyrtos sp. nov. and C. microphyllus in having a broader last teleoconch whorl, a columellar lip with a usually smooth or smoother outer edge and a characteristic notch at abapical extremity of that lip (Fig. 5B), a feature already noted by Houart (1984: 57, text fig. 4) to separate C. torrefactus from C. dovi Houart, 1984 . Both C. phyrtos and C. microphyllus lack this distinctive notch (Fig. 5A).</p><p>Chicoreus akritos Radwin &amp; D'Attilio, 1976 also differs in the protoconch morphology, having 2–3 rounded whorls, but also usually differs in having a more variable shell morphology with broader or/and longer varical spines and a comparatively broader last teleoconch whorl relative to the width of the previous whorls.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187B8FFF4FFF7FF072C571E5106ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Houart, Roland;Russini, Valeria;Fassio, Giulia;Oliverio, Marco	Houart, Roland, Russini, Valeria, Fassio, Giulia, Oliverio, Marco (2025): Developmental types and a new cryptic species of Chicoreus (Gastropoda: Muricidae) from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 5723 (2): 245-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.5
