identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03CEDB06FFB2FF87BB69F8BE20B7FD77.text	03CEDB06FFB2FF87BB69F8BE20B7FD77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camerunia Aurivillius 1893	<div><p>Genus Camerunia Aurivillius, 1893</p><p>Camerunia Aurivillius, 1893: 211 . Type species: Camerunia insignis Aurivillius, 1893, by monotypy.</p><p>Hemijana Aurivillius 1901b: 21 . Syn. nov. Type species: Jana subrosea Aurivillius, 1893, by monotypy. Catajana Strand 1910: 98 . Syn. nov. Type species: Dreata bimaculata Dewitz, 1879, by original designation.</p><p>Camerunia – Aurivillius 1901b: 27; 1904: 698. — Gaede 1927: 306. — Forbes 1955: 94, 129. — Fletcher &amp; Nye 1982: 29. — Vári et al. 2002: 150. — Nässig &amp; Oberprieler 2008: 56. — Kitching et al. 2018: suppl. material 1.</p><p>Hemijana – Gaede 1927: 302. — Forbes 1955: 94, 129. — Fletcher &amp; Nye 1982: 75. — Vári et al. 2002: 150. — Nässig &amp; Oberprieler 2008: 56. — Kitching et al. 2018: suppl. material 1.</p><p>Catajana – Gaede 1927: 306. — Forbes 1955: 129 (as synonym of Hemijana). — Fletcher &amp; Nye 1982: 32. — Vári et al. 2002: 150. — Nässig &amp; Oberprieler 2008: 56. — Kitching et al. 2018: suppl. material 1.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Camerunia species are medium- to large-sized, brightly-coloured, highly distinctive monkey moths with broad, papery wings and, compared to other Janinae, have a proportionally small body. There is a superficial resemblance to the peculiar genus Hibrildes, which, unlike Camerunia, displays a high degree of sexual dimorphism (Poulton 1929). Male Hibrildes have almost translucent wings with markings mostly limited to densely packed dark brown scales along well-defined veins. The females, in contrast, are well-marked and polymorphic, displaying aposematic colouration that varies from pale yellow through to orange, with a dark discal bar-like marking present on both pairs of wings. The male genital morphology of the two genera is, however, very different; those of Hibrildes are highly modified with lateral processes on the uncus and tripartite valves (Minet 1994; Oberprieler et al. 2003).</p><p>Redescription of the adult</p><p>Antenna bipectinate in both sexes, rami shorter in females of some species. Ground colour of body and forewing varying from white, through yellow to brown; hindwing white, yellow or pink. Forewing triangular, rounded at apex and outer margin gently arcuate; hindwing ovoid, outer margin arcuate. Both wings often with transverse fasciae; forewing may display basal and discal markings. Vein CuP of the forewing present and highlighted with brown scaling in some species.</p><p>MALE GENITALIA. Uncus reduced, fused with tegumen. Tegumen broad with a pair of long apically rounded lateral projections. Gnathos with spinose or clavate process. Valve trapezoidal or triangular with well-defined costa and sacculus, cleft in some species. Juxta trapezoid, emarginate distally. Vinculum V-shaped. Saccus cylindrical, rounded at apex. Phallus as long as valve, slightly curved medially; carina scobinate in some species; coecum rounded. Vesica with scobination.</p><p>Molecular characterisation</p><p>The barcode region of Camerunia species was variable with intraspecific pairwise distances (PWD) for the five sampled taxa ranging from 0.0–5.8%, while interspecific PWDs were 6.0–13.1%. They diverged from the outgroup taxon Hibrildes by 13.6–16.5%. Aside from C. subrosea (Aurivillius, 1893) comb. nov. and C. smithi sp. nov., each of the remaining species was assigned numerous Barcode Index Numbers (BIN) in BOLD as a result of the large intraspecific divergences. Although the BINs in general showed geographical concordance, no differences in habitus or genital morphology were observed in the individuals assigned to each BIN, and thus any further taxonomic splitting (which would ultimately be based solely on barcodes) could not be justified.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Members of this genus are widely distributed from north-eastern South Africa as far north as Uganda and westwards to Sierra Leone and Guinea. With the exception of C. orphne and C. smithi sp. nov., which inhabit forested environments, all other species are found in open woodland and forest-savanna mosaics.</p><p>Descriptions of the species</p><p>Due to incomplete taxon sampling in the phylogeny, the species are presented below based on the configurations of the male genitalia. The genus naturally divides into two groups, one with flattened lateral processes of the tegumen ( C. orphne, C. flava and C. albida) and another with cylindrical processes ( C. smithi sp. nov., C. bimaculata (Dewitz, 1879) comb. rev. and C. subrosea (Aurivillius, 1893) comb. nov.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEDB06FFB2FF87BB69F8BE20B7FD77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Takano, Hitoshi	Takano, Hitoshi (2025): Taxonomic revision of Camerunia Aurivillius, 1893 and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae: Janinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 134-175, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3085, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3085/13751
03CEDB06FFB4FF88BB66FD6A23A7FB88.text	03CEDB06FFB4FF88BB66FD6A23A7FB88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camerunia orphne (Schaus 1893)	<div><p>Camerunia orphne (Schaus, 1893)</p><p>Figs 1–8, 37–38, 48, 54</p><p>Homochroa orphne Schaus, 1893: 30, pl. 1 fig. 7. Type locality: “ Sierra Leone ”.</p><p>Camerunia insignis Aurivillius, 1893: 211 . Type locality: “ Camerun interior; Gabun ”.</p><p>Camerunia orphne – Aurivillius 1901b: 27. — Gaede 1927: 306, pl. 46 fig. c. — Kitching et al. 2018: suppl. material 1.</p><p>Camerunia insignis – Aurivillius 1901b: 27 (syn.).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The largest species of the genus, C. orphne cannot be easily confused with any other species of Camerunia, with perhaps the exception of C. smithi sp. nov., which is smaller and distributed allopatrically. In both these species, a dark brown basal patch is present on the forewing, but the discal markings are comprised of dots in C. smithi, whereas in C. orphne, it is a bar as wide as the cell, along the medial vein. The configuration of the male genitalia is most similar to C. flava and C. albida, with the flattened, apically rounded lateral processes of the tegumen, but the long, clavate, denticulate, apical process of the gnathos is unique to C. orphne .</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype of Homochroa Orphne</p><p>SIERRA LEONE • ♂ (Fig. 2); “No. 19248 / W. Schaus / Collection. [black border; partially handwritten] // TYPE / No. / A.M.N.H. [red card] // Homochroa / orphne / Type. Schs, [handwritten in Schaus’s hand]”; AMNH.</p><p>Lectotype of Camerunia insignis (by present designation)</p><p>CAMEROON • ♂ (Fig. 3); “Kamer. / int. / Pr. // 272. [handwritten] // Camerunia / insignis / Aur. ♂ typ. [handwritten] // 16,1. [handwritten]”; MfN .</p><p>Paralectotype of Camerunia insignis</p><p>GABON • ♀ (Fig. 8); “Gabun / 1890. Mocquerys [black border] // Camerunia / insignis / Aur. ♀ typ. [handwritten] // 16,1. [handwritten]”; MfN .</p><p>Other material examined (24 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀)</p><p>CAMEROON • 1 ♂; [unspecified locality]; D.G. Rutherford leg.; OUMNH. – North • 1 ♀; Bascho [= Bashéo]; 28 Aug. 1906; A. Schultze leg.; MfN. – South • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Bitje; 610 m a.s.l.; G. Bates leg.; NHMUK. – Southwest • 1 ♀; Bibundi; 15–30 Oct. 1904; G. Tessmann leg.; MfN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Victoria; P. Preuss leg.; MfN • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 1892; G. Zenker leg.; MfN .</p><p>CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC – Nana-Grébizi • 1 ♀; Fort Crampel; NHMUK .</p><p>DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO – Lualaba • 1 ♂; Kapanga; Mar. 1934; F.G. Overlaet leg.; RMCA .</p><p>GABON – Estuaire • 1 ♂; Monts de Cristal; 8 Dec. 1990; 700 m a.s.l.; P. Basquin leg.; RCPB .</p><p>GHANA – Ashanti • 2 ♂♂; [unspecified locality]; Mar. 1907; G.C. Dudgeon leg.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Friapere Forest; 1913; NHMUK .</p><p>GUINEA – Mamou • 2 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-12.191667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.818889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -12.191667/lat 10.818889)">Chute de Ditinn</a>; 10°49′08″ N, 12°11′30″ W; 771 m a.s.l.; 18–25 Sep. 2019; M. Geiser, M. Leno, S. Koivagui, W. Miles, L. Mulvaney and S. Sáfián leg.; ANHRT .</p><p>IVORY COAST – Montagnes • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.636833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.4541664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.636833/lat 7.4541664)">Mont Tonkoui</a>; 7°27′15″ N, 7°38′12.6″ W; 1200 m a.s.l.; Jun. 2016; ANHRT . – Woroba • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.5765834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.968806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.5765834/lat 7.968806)">Dolla Ranch</a>; 7°58′07.7″ N, 07°34′35.7″ W; 481 m a.s.l.; 1–5 Jun. 2018; M. Aristophanous, W. Miles, P. Moretto and Y. Outtara leg.; ANHRT .</p><p>LIBERIA – Maryland • 1 ♂; Cape Palmas; Seaton leg.; NHMUK. – Nimba • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.783334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.0333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.783334/lat 7.0333333)">Bahn</a>; 7°02′ N, 8°47′ W; 457 m a.s.l.; 24 Sep. 1953; W. Peters leg.; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Nimba Mountains, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.635933&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.546061" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.635933/lat 7.546061)">Mount Gangra</a> summit; 7°32′45.82″ N, 08°38′09.36″ W; 974 m a.s.l.; 17–25 Mar. 2017; S. Sáfián and G. Simonics leg.; ANHRT .</p><p>NIGERIA – Enugu • 1 ♀; Ogruga [= Ogrugru]; NHMUK .</p><p>REPUBLIC OF CONGO – Cuvette-Ouest • 1 ♂; Odzala-Kokoua National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.863056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.54722226" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.863056/lat 0.54722226)">Bangassou Forest near Lobo</a>; 0°32′50″ N, 14°51′47″ E; 400 m a.s.l.; 21–26 Sep. 2024; M. Bashford, G. László, M. Talani and A. Volynkin leg.; ANHRT .</p><p>SIERRA LEONE • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; [unspecified locality, but most likely Freetown]; P. Bainbridge leg.; NHMUK. – North West • 1 ♂; Batkanu; F.G. FitzGerald leg.; NHMUK. – Northern • 3 ♂♂; Kalainkay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-11.945556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.181111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -11.945556/lat 9.181111)">near Kamabai</a>; 9°10′52″ N, 11°56′44″ W; 80 m a.s.l.; 3–6 Nov. 2015; R. Goff leg.; ANHRT. – Western Area • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-11.945556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.181111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -11.945556/lat 9.181111)">Freetown</a>; 19 Apr. 1917; P.A. Buxton leg.; OUMNH • 1 ♂; Wilberforce; 9 Nov. 1911; C.A. Foster leg.; OUMNH .</p><p>TOGO – Plateaux • 2 ♂♂; Forêt de Missahohe, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=0.575&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.944722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 0.575/lat 6.944722)">Kpalime</a>; 6°56′41″ N, 0°34′30″ E; 610 m a.s.l.; 31 Jul. 2013; P. Moretto leg.; ANHRT .</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Male (Figs 2–6, 48)</p><p>FOREWING LENGTH. 28–40 mm.</p><p>UPPERSIDE. Ground colour of head, thorax and abdomen brown; vertex creamy-white, patagium mahogany, tegula with paler beige scales turning darker mahogany posteriorly. Antenna bipectinate, brown. Abdomen covered with greyish scales and tufts of bronze, longer ciliate scales medially forming crest which runs along abdomen. Each abdominal segment with bronze scales along posterior margin, giving abdomen banded appearance. Eighth sternite truncate posteriorly, weakly sclerotised, its surface punctate. Wing veins and termen well-defined with dark brown scaling. Forewing triangular, rounded at apex, outer margin gently arcuate, almost straight; ground colour beige to brown. Basal marking dark chocolate turning black towards anal margin, under half length of cell; its outer margin arcuate, slightly sinuate, with white fascia on inner (and sometimes outer) edge of border. Antemedial fascia dark brown, indistinct, following margin of basal marking. Discal marking black with greyish-white scaling internally, in form of bar along outer edge of medial vein. Postmedial fasciae dark brown, arcuate, evenly crenulate, outer of two more indistinct; fasciae arising almost perpendicularly from dark brown spot on costa, sharply curving inward at vein M2 and terminating almost perpendicularly along anal margin. Space CuA1 and dorsal portion of CuA2 with well-defined darker brown marking filling space between postmedial fasciae. Submarginal fasciae dark brown, crenulate, broadly running in parallel with postmedial fasciae; inner of two arising from small dark brown marking on costa, outer arising from dark brown rectangular sub-apical marking perpendicular to costa. Subterminal area irrorated with darker scales and dark brown triangular patch, its inner margin arising ventrad of apex, widening proximad as far as submarginal fascia in space M2 and terminating along termen around vein CuA1. Fringe brown with pale greyish-white scales forming dots at termination points of veins.</p><p>HINDWING. Outer margin arcuate; ground colour pale yellow, sometimes with ferruginous tint basally. Postmedial fascia dark brown, arcuate and angled at vein M2, weakly crenulate, terminating at dark brown spot along anal margin. Submarginal fascia dark brown, composed of dark brown lunules between veins running parallel with postmedial fascia. Subterminal fascia dark brown, strongly crenulate. Fringe as on forewing.</p><p>UNDERSIDE. Ground colour of body golden yellow; wings yellow, veins and termen well-defined with dark brown scaling. Forewing costa highlighted with gold scaling to apex. Postmedial and submarginal fasciae often absent but when present, similar to upperside but finer and not bilineate. Dark brown patch in subterminal area often present but less well-defined. Hindwing postmedial, submarginal and subterminal fasciae as on upperside but better defined. Both postmedial and submarginal fasciae often bilineate, outer of both less well-defined.</p><p>MALE GENITALIA (Figs 37–38). Uncus reduced, fused with tegumen. Tegumen broad with pair of long flattened, apically rounded, truncate lateral projections, its inner surface setose. Gnathos with long clavate process, serrate basally becoming smooth towards its rounded apex. Valve trapezoidal, apically bifurcate. Costa with short, blunt, distal process at apex; costal margin slightly concave. Sacculus well-defined, third width of valve at base, tapering towards apex before broadening into short, pointed distal process. Juxta trapezoid, proximally V-shaped, distally bifurcate, with broad u-shaped emargination; each process heavily serrated. Vinculum V-shaped. Saccus cylindrical, rounded at apex. Phallus slightly longer than valve, gently curved medially; carina scobinate; coecum rounded. Vesica with scobination.</p><p>Female (Figs 7–8)</p><p>FOREWING LENGTH. 36–48 mm.</p><p>Similar to male but larger, and rami of antenna half the length.</p><p>Variation</p><p>Specimens from southern Cameroon, Gabon and D.R. Congo are in general larger (especially the females) and the males often display a strong pinkish hue at the base of the hindwing (Figs 5, 8). In the male genitalia, the extent of the serrations at the base of the clavate process of the gnathos varies greatly among individuals across its range.</p><p>Molecular characterisation</p><p>This species has been assigned three BINs: BOLD:AAO6637 (West Africa), BOLD:AAV7630 (D.R. Congo) and BOLD:ABZ1011 (Gabon). Intraspecific PWDs were 0.0–3.6% (n = 6) diverging from its nearest neighbour, C. subrosea (Aurivillius, 1893) comb. nov. by 8.6–11.2% (n = 4).</p><p>Larval foodplant</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Distribution (Fig. 54)</p><p>This species is distributed in forested and savanna-forest mosaic habitats from Sierra Leone in the west to Central African Republic in the east and southward to Lualaba Province of D.R. Congo. It is known from Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Republic of Congo and Democratic Republic of Congo. It is likely present in Benin and Equatorial Guinea and may be found in Angola.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The holotype of Homochroa orphne (Fig. 2) was collected by Lieutenant-Colonel William George Clements of the Royal Army Medical Corps, who was stationed in Sierra Leone for 13 months in 1891–92. A list of the lepidopteran species collected during his tour of service was published in 1893 with the assistance of the American entomologist William Schaus, who after his travels in Central and South America had settled at Ormonde Lodge, Twickenham, London by 1890 (contrary to Heinrich &amp; Chapin (1942) who stated 1901 – see Mitglieder-Verzeichniss in ‘Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift’ (1890) and NHMUK Entomology Accessions Register for 1892). Perhaps the scientific endeavours of Godman &amp; Salvin and their team of specialists working on the ‘Biologia Centrali-Americana’ publications to which Schaus had contributed by sharing Lepidoptera specimens, had enticed him to become London-based. Although Clements (1893: iii) stated that his specimens originated “with very few exceptions” from the “rocky peninsula of Sierra Leone ” [= Western Area Peninsula], he sent several non-lepidopteran specimens to NHMUK from military cantonments in Freetown (Tower Hill Barracks [B.M. 1891–132] and Kortright Hill [B.M. 1892–11]), and it is assumed the type locality of the majority of the Lepidoptera taxa is in the broader Freetown Municipality. Although the publication in which the original description appears is co-authored, the authorship of the new taxa should be attributed solely to Schaus (and not to Schaus &amp; Clements as seen in some web sources), for Clements clearly stated in the introduction (Schaus &amp; Clements 1893: vi) that the descriptions are “from his [Schaus’] pen”. It appears Schaus retained the majority of Clements’ Sierra Leonean Lepidoptera in his own collection after publication (Clements donated the remainder of the non-lepidopteran specimens he collected directly to NHMUK in 1893 [B.M. 1893–20]), and the types of the taxa described in the 1893 paper are now housed in AMNH (and not USNM as stated by Prozorov et al. 2023).</p><p>The description of Camerunia insignis was based on a male and a female in Otto Staudinger’s collection, now in MfN. To preserve the stability of nomenclature by fixing the published name to a single specimen, the male specimen from Cameroon is hereby designated as the lectotype (Fig. 3). This specimen was collected by Paul Preuss in “ Camerun interior”, which likely refers to Barombi station in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. Having departed Sierra Leone for Cameroon in 1888 (Anonymous 1900), Preuss joined the Zintgraff Expedition as a botanist and naturalist, where he was put in charge of Barombi station (Zintgraff 1895). Preuss had been collecting Lepidoptera for Staudinger since his arrival on the African continent (Anonymous 1901) and had supplied him with specimens from Barombi soon after his arrival in Cameroon, which Staudinger then shared with other entomologists for research purposes (e.g., Kirby 1890). After a brief return to Germany in 1889, Preuss was then permanently employed by the German Foreign Office (Auswärtiges Amt) as a scientific researcher in Cameroon and as an employee of the government, Preuss had no option but to make his collections available to the state (Anonymous 1900). It was at this time that the MfN started to receive specimens from Preuss, not only from Barombi but also from Buea and Victoria [= Limbé] with Ferdinand Karsch working up the various insect groups (e.g., Karsch 1893) in several publications during the early 1890s. Although only “Kamer. / int.” appears on the label, Staudinger stated in his publications that Barombi station was located “im Hinterlande von Kamerun ” (Staudinger 1891) and “im Inneren Kameruns” (Staudinger 1896) and thus it is assumed that this label refers to the Barombi station area. Staudinger attached square printed labels on cream paper with a black border (often cut off) for Preuss’ specimens (see lectotype label in Fig. 3), whereas those acquired by MfN directly from Preuss seem to be labelled with rectangular “ Kamerun / Barombi-Stat. / Preuss S.” labels printed on blue paper.</p><p>The paralectotype female (Fig. 8) was collected by Albert Mocquerys, a commercial natural history collector based in Gabon during the early 1890s. It appears Staudinger was the sole recipient and distributor of Lepidoptera collected by Mocquerys in 1890, from “ Gabun ” and “Ogowe”, describing several new species of butterfly in 1892 from this material. Although no precise locality was provided for either, it is interesting to note that Staudinger (1892: 219) seemed to distinguish the two sites in reference to a species he had received in large numbers “von Gabun, vom Ogowe und auch von der Barombi-station [= from Gabon, from Ogowe and also from Barombi-station]”. This is further supported by Holland’s (1896) revisionary work on the Afrotropical Hesperiidae (for which Staudinger had made “all the types…and all the unnamed material in his vast collection” freely available for study (Holland 1896: 4)) where, of the numerous citations of material collected by Mocquerys, “Gaboon” and “Valley of the Ogové” are once more kept separate. One might speculate that the “ Gabun ” locality on the label refers to the Gabon Estuary at Libreville, whereas “Ogowe” certainly refers to the Ogooué River, which he successfully navigated to Lambaréné mission in 1892 and from where he sent another shipment of specimens (e.g., Stempffer et al. 1974).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEDB06FFB4FF88BB66FD6A23A7FB88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Takano, Hitoshi	Takano, Hitoshi (2025): Taxonomic revision of Camerunia Aurivillius, 1893 and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae: Janinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 134-175, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3085, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3085/13751
03CEDB06FFBBFF92BB61FB1120CDF98C.text	03CEDB06FFBBFF92BB61FB1120CDF98C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camerunia flava Aurivillius 1904	<div><p>Camerunia flava Aurivillius, 1904</p><p>Figs 1, 9–16, 39–40, 49, 55</p><p>Camerunia flava Aurivillius, 1904: 697, pl. 33 figs 5–6. Type locality: “[Malawi] Zomba; [Tanzania] Tanganyika; [Zambia] Stevenson road on the plateau between Nyassa and Tanganyika”.</p><p>Camerunia lactiflora Wichgraf, 1914: 393 . Type locality: [Tanzania] “Tanganjikasee”.</p><p>Hibrildes flava – Hampson 1910: 453.</p><p>Camerunia flava – Strand 1911: 271. — Gaede 1927: 306, pl. 46 fig. c. — Pinhey 1962: 878. — Kiriakoff 1954: 11. — Forbes 1955: 94, 129. — Vári et al. 2002: 150. — Kitching et al. 2018: suppl. material 1. — Krüger 2020: 138.</p><p>Camerunia flava var. lactiflora – Gaede 1927: 306. — Vári et al. 2002: 150 (syn.).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The uniform colouration of the wings of both sexes easily distinguishes this species from its congeners. The only species that can potentially be confused with it is C. bimaculata (Dewitz, 1879) comb. rev. but in the latter, the wings are of different shades (the forewing beige and the hindwing a rich yellow), a bold discal marking is more often than not present, and the postmedial and submarginal fasciae are indicated with dots along the veins and well-defined. The male genital capsule of C. flava is most like that of the phenotypically different C. albida, although in the latter, each of the lateral projections of the tegumen is broader and possesses two spines (absent in C. flava), one near its base and another, twice as long, along the dorsal margin. Additionally, in C. albida the spine-like formations of the gnathos are widely spaced and are the longest in the genus, and the phallic tube tapers towards the carina.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype of Camerunia flava (by present designation)</p><p>ZAMBIA • ♂ (Fig. 9); “Type [white disc with red border] // Stevenson Rd, / on the plateau / between Tanganyika / &amp; Nyassa . / Coll.&amp;Pres.by / Rev. A. Dewar. / 97–285. // Camerunia / flava . / type ♂. Auriv. [handwritten in G. Hampson’s hand] // BMNH(E)1626188 [QR Code]”; NHMUK .</p><p>Paralectotypes of Camerunia flava</p><p>TANZANIA • ♀; “ Tanganyika / 91.56. [handwritten]”; NHMUK .</p><p>ZAMBIA • ♂; “ Stevenson Rd, / on the plateau / between Tanganyika / &amp; Nyassa . / Coll.&amp;Pres.by / Rev. A. Dewar. / 97–285.”; NHMUK • ♀; “Type [white disc with red border] // Zomba. / 99–337. / 8.XII.97 [partially handwritten] // Camerunia / flava . / type ♀ Auriv. [handwritten in G. Hampson’s hand] // BMNH(E)1626457 [QR Code]”; NHMUK .</p><p>Holotype of Camerunia lactiflora</p><p>TANZANIA • ♂ (Fig. 10); “Type [handwritten in Wichgraf’s hand; red card with black margin] // V. Nyanza [handwritten in Wichgraf’s hand] // Camerunia / lactiflora Wf. [handwritten in Wichgraf’s hand] // J.J. Joicey coll. / B.M. 1928-81 [handwritten in Tams’ hand] // Camerunia / lactiflora / Wichgraf / 1914 / TYPE [handwritten in Tams’ hand] // BMNH(E)1627072 [QR Code]”; NHMUK.</p><p>Other material examined (249 ♂♂, 31 ♀♀)</p><p>ANGOLA – Moxico • 1 ♂; Moxico District; 1219 m a.s.l.; Oct. 1928; T.A. Barns leg.; NHMUK .</p><p>BURUNDI – Gitega • 1 ♂; Gitega; 2 Mar. 1968; M. Fontaine leg.; RMCA .</p><p>CAMEROON – Adamawa • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.555111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.67125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.555111/lat 7.67125)">Wack</a>; 07°40′16.5″ N, 13°33′18.4″ E; 900 m a.s.l.; 2–21 Oct. 2018; S. Sáfián and G. Simonics leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; Yala Yarna; 1150 m a.s.l.; 5 Jul. 1975; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT .</p><p>DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO – Haut-Katanga • 1 ♂; Elisabethville [= Lubumbashi]; 28 Nov. 1930; C. Seydel leg.; RMCA • 1 ♀; Etoile du Congo; Jan. 1913; Ternest leg.; RMCA • 1 ♂; La Kafubu; Apr. 1926; C. Seydel leg.; RMCA • 1 ♂; Likasi, Panda; 1372–1524 m a.s.l.; A.E.D. Ashe leg.; NHMUK • 2 ♂♂; Likosi [= Likasi]; OUMNH • 1 ♂; Luano; 25 Feb. 1957; C. Seydel leg.; RMCA • 1 ♂; Mwera; 10 Mar. 1957; T. de Caters leg.; RMCA • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 23 Feb. 1982; RMCA • 1 ♂; Parc National de l’Upemba, Kaziba; 5–20 Feb. 1948; Mission G.F. de Witte leg.; RMCA . – Haut-Lomami • 1 ♂; Bukama; 23 Nov. 1925; C. Seydel leg.; RMCA . – Haut-Uele • 1 ♂; Dungu; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Parc National de la Garamba, Cellule I; 22 Apr. 1950; Mission H. De Saeger leg.; RMCA • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 10 May 1950; RMCA . – Lualaba • 1 ♂; Kafakumba; Dec. 1931; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Kalule Nord; Jan. 1948; C. Seydel leg.; RMCA • 1 ♂; Mutaka; Feb. 1955; T. de Caters leg.; RMCA . – Tanganyika • 1 ♀; Kiambi; 1911; D. Valdonio leg.; RMCA • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Km 300 of Kindu [= Lubunda]; E. Russo leg.; RMCA • 1 ♂; Lusaka; 1901; NHMUK • 4 ♂♂; Region de M’Pala; M. Guillemé leg.; NHMUK .</p><p>MALAWI – Central • 1 ♂; Dzalanyama Forest; 1320 m a.s.l.; 24 Nov. 2002; P. Schmit leg.; ANHRT . – Northern • 1 ♂; Chintechi [= Chinteche]; Jan.–May 1924; T.H. Lloyd leg.; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Kasangazi, near Bandawe; 914 m a.s.l.; G. Prentice leg.; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Nkhorongo, Mzuzu; 1300 m a.s.l.; 1 Dec. 2002; P. Schmit leg.; RCPB . – Southern • 1 ♀; Chikala, near Lake Sheiwa; Feb. 1920; H. Barlow leg.; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Likomgala River, Zomba; Jan. 1922; H. Barlow leg.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Maiwale; 1000 m a.s.l.; 9 Dec. 1929; W.A. Lamborn leg.; OUMNH • 2 ♂♂; Zomba; 914 m a.s.l.; Oct.–Dec. 1895; P. Rendall leg.; NHMUK • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; Jan. 1895; NHMUK • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; Dec. 1922; H. Barlow leg.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Zomba Plateau; Nov. 1920; H. Barlow leg.; NHMUK • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; Dec. 1920; NHMUK • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; Jan. 1921; NHMUK .</p><p>SOUTH SUDAN – Central Equatoria • 2 ♂♂; Kajokaji [= Kajo-Keji]; 10 Jul. 1913; NHMUK . – Western Equatoria • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Tambura; NHMUK .</p><p>TANZANIA – Dodoma • 1 ♂; Kikori, Kondoa; 25 Feb. 1930; NHMUK . – Geita • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.1028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.9116166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.1028/lat -2.9116166)">Geita Forest</a>; 2°54.697′ S, 32°06.168′ E; 1234 m a.s.l.; 12 Dec. 2010; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 24 Oct 2011; ANHRT • 2 ♂♂; Katolo Village, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.157368&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.8925333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.157368/lat -2.8925333)">Geita Forest</a>; 2°53.552′ S, 32°09.442′ E; 1304 m a.s.l.; 15 Oct. 2011; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT . – Iringa • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.36885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.191" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.36885/lat -8.191)">Lungemba Village</a>; 8°11.460′ S, 35°22.131′ E; 1755 m a.s.l.; 24 Dec. 2011; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; Mufindi; 1955; P. Burdon leg.; NHMUK . – Kagera • 1 ♂; Biharamulo; 25 Oct. 2008; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT • 3 ♂♂; Kiyamyulwa; 2°08.708′ S, 31°36.602′ E; 1159 m a.s.l.; 27 Oct. 2008; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 26 Mar. 2010; ANHRT • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 28 Mar. 2010; ANHRT • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.669067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.15315" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.669067/lat -2.15315)">Maninga</a>; 2°09.189′ S, 31°40.144′ E; 1320 m a.s.l.; 4 Nov. 2008; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT . – Katavi • 5 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.928766&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.04185" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.928766/lat -6.04185)">Kinegela Village</a>; 6°02.511′ S, 30°55.726′ E; 1384 m a.s.l.; 27 Dec. 2015; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.942066&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.127267" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.942066/lat -6.127267)">Majalila Village</a>; 6°7.636′ S, 30°56.524′ E; 6 Dec. 2012; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; route Kabungu / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.786583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.509267" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.786583/lat -6.509267)">Sibweza</a>; 6°30.556′ S, 30°47.195′ E; 1080 m a.s.l.; 21 Feb. 2012; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT • 3 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.941067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.1288834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.941067/lat -6.1288834)">Vikonge</a>; 6°07.733′ S, 30°56.464′ E; 1287 m a.s.l.; 29 Feb. 2012; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 26 Feb. 2012; ANHRT • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.942133&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.1261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.942133/lat -6.1261)">Vikonge “B”</a>; 6°07.566′ S, 30°56.528′ E; 1280 m a.s.l.; 1 Dec. 2012; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT . – Kigoma • 1 ♂; Kasulu; 18 Nov. 1923; C.H.B. Grant leg.; NHMUK • 2 ♂♂; Masito escarpments from Mshamo village; 15 Dec. 2017; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT . – Mbeya • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Mbeya; 28 Nov. 1950; H.B.D. Kettlewell leg.; NHMUK . – Njombe • 3 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.5213&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.86015" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.5213/lat -8.86015)">Iyayi</a> savanna; 8°51.609′ S, 34°31.278′ E; 1400 m a.s.l.; 4 Apr. 2006; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 9 Feb. 2008; ANHRT • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.625515&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.14205" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.625515/lat -9.14205)">Kidungala</a> savana; 9°08.523′ S, 34°37.531′ E; 1754 m a.s.l.; 3 Jan. 2011; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; Njombe; 1829–1981 m a.s.l.; 21 Jan. 1952; W. Peters leg.; NHMUK . – Rukwa • 2 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.9041&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.44975" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.9041/lat -7.44975)">Luafi Game Reserve</a>; 7°26.985′ S, 30°54.246′ E; 1266 m a.s.l.; 5 Nov. 2007; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT • 5 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.253683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.359933" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.253683/lat -8.359933)">Kalambo Forest Reserve</a>; 8°21.596′ S, 31°15.221′ E; 1632 m a.s.l.; 22 Nov. 2009; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT • 3 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.699833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.883567" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.699833/lat -7.883567)">Mbizi Mountains Forest Reserve</a>; 7°53.014′ S, 31°41.990′ E; 2200 m a.s.l.; 10 Dec. 2015; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT . – Ruvuma • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.64885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.037483" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.64885/lat -10.037483)">Gumbiro</a>; 10°02.249′ S, 35°38.931′E; 1013 m a.s.l.; 24 Dec. 2009; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT • 2 ♂♂; near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.20565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.705667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.20565/lat -10.705667)">Kitai</a>; 10°42.340′ S, 35°12.339′ E; 1020 m a.s.l.; 24 Mar. 2006; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT • 3 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.649082&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.037633" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.649082/lat -10.037633)">Magingo</a>; 10°02.258′ S, 35°38.945′ E; 1030 m a.s.l.; 26 Mar. 2006; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; Songea; A. Reuss leg.; MfN • 1 ♂; Tabora; M. Wintgens leg.; MfN • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 16 Mar. 1892; Baron L. Fischer; NHMW • 1 ♀; Ugano bei Songea; 10 Jan. 1934; F. Zimmer leg; NHMW . – Tabora • 1 ♂; Lulanguru; 1148 m a.s.l.; 19 Nov. 1917; G.D.H. Carpenter leg.; OUMNH • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 18 Nov. 1917; OUMNH . – Tanga • 1 ♂; Shume forest, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.241066&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.6829333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.241066/lat -4.6829333)">West Usambara Mts</a>; 4°40.976′ S, 38°14.464′ E; 1876 m a.s.l.; 28 Nov. 2008; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.55215&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.592183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.55215/lat -5.592183)">Tamota Forest</a>; 5°35.531′ S, 37°33.129′ E; 731 m a.s.l.; 27 Nov. 2015; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT .</p><p>ZAMBIA – Central • 1 ♀; Broken Hill [=Kabwe]; 1311 m a.s.l.; 1 Dec. 1931; C.R.S. Pitman leg.; NHMUK • 2 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.554998&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.38" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.554998/lat -13.38)">Changwena Falls</a>; 13°22′48″ S, 29°33′18″ E; 1456 m a.s.l.; 27–30 Jan. 2019; V. Dérozier, L. Mulvaney and H. Takano leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; Forest Inn, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.157223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.721944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.157223/lat -13.721944)">Mkushi</a>; 13°43′19″ S, 29°09′26″ E; 1240 m a.s.l.; 28–29 Feb. 2017; D. Oram, W. Miles and L. Mulvaney leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 18 Feb. 2019; V. Dérozier, L. Mulvaney and H. Takano leg.; ANHRT • 2 ♂♂; Kabwe, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.211668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.541112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.211668/lat -12.541112)">Kasanka National Park</a>; 12°32′28″ S, 30°12′42″ E; 1187 m a.s.l.; 30 Nov.–1 Dec. 2012; R. Smith and H. Takano leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.234722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.573055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.234722/lat -12.573055)">Kasanka River Pontoon</a>, Kasanka National Park; 12°34′23″ S, 30°14′05″ E; 1191 m a.s.l.; 2–4 Dec. 2012; R. Smith and H. Takano leg.; ANHRT • 3 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.295277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.555278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.295277/lat -12.555278)">Lake Wasa</a>, Kasanka National Park; 12°33′19″ S, 30°17′43″E; 1193 m a.s.l.; 5 Dec. 2012; R. Smith and H. Takano leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; Mayukuyuku, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.063055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.9152775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.063055/lat -14.9152775)">Kafue National Park</a>; 14°54′55″ S, 26°03′47″ E; 1080 m a.s.l.; 21–26 Nov. 2013; R. Smith, H. Takano and D. Oram leg.; ANHRT. – Copperbelt • 1 ♂; Forestry office, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.063055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.9152775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.063055/lat -14.9152775)">Chati</a>; 12°51′ S, 27°41′ E; 1200 m a.s.l.; 3 Nov. 1969; S.M. Tanner leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; Greystone, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.241388&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.930556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.241388/lat -12.930556)">Kitwe</a>; 12°55′50″ S, 28°14′29″ E; 1179 m a.s.l.; 1–4 Nov. 2012; R. Smith and H. Takano leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; Jan Fisher Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.93&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.602778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.93/lat -12.602778)">Chingola</a>; 12°36′10″ S, 27°55′48″ E; 1365 m a.s.l.; 14–17 Nov. 2019; M. Bashford, W. Miles and L. Mulvaney leg.; ANHRT • 2 ♂♂; N’kana; L. Ellison leg.; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Ponduckie, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.683332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.683332/lat -12.85)">Chati</a>; 12°51′ S, 27°41′ E; 1200 m a.s.l.; 5 Nov. 1969; S.M. Tanner leg.; ANHRT . – Eastern • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.335085&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.297501" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.335085/lat -14.297501)">Chengirani</a>; 14°17′51.0″ S, 31°20′06.3″ E; 1000 m a.s.l.; 25 Nov. 2023; M. Bashford, A. Collins, G. László, L. Morgan and A. Volynkin leg.; ANHRT. – Luapula • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.335085&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.297501" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.335085/lat -14.297501)">Ntumbachushi Falls</a>; 9°51′12″ S, 28°56′40″ E; 1166 m a.s.l.; 3–4 Nov. 2014; R. Smith, H. Takano and D. Oram leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 1–3 Feb. 2019; V. Dérozier, L. Mulvaney and H. Takano leg.; ANHRT. – Lusaka • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.944443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.853333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.944443/lat -9.853333)">Lusaka</a>; Feb. 2007; C. Di Gennaro leg.; ANHRT • 2 ♂♂; Rufunsa Ranch, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.3/lat -15.366667)">Lower Zambezi National Park</a>; 15°22′ S, 29°18′ E; 1137 m a.s.l.; 14–16 Dec. 2012; R. Minetti leg.; ANHRT. – Muchinga • 6 ♂♂, 1♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.3/lat -15.366667)">Benyanga village</a>; 10°40′41″ S, 33°27′45″ E; 1250 m a.s.l.; 7–12 Feb. 2023; G. László, L. Morgan and A. Volynkin leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.570667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.591666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.570667/lat -11.591666)">Danger Hill</a>; 11°35.50′ S, 31°34.24′ E; 1703 m a.s.l.; 16 Nov. 2011; R. Minetti leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 11°37′38″ S, 31°33′56″ E; 1684 m a.s.l.; 13–15 Dec. 2023; G. László, L. Morgan and A. Volynkin leg.; ANHRT • 11 ♂♂, 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.24167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.450277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.24167/lat -10.450277)">Jombo village</a>; 10°27′01″ S, 33°14′30″ E; 1400 m a.s.l.; 30 Nov.–5 Dec. 2023; M. Bashford, A. Collins, G. László, L. Morgan and A. Volynkin leg.; ANHRT • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.170279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.6/lat -11.170279)">Kapishya Hot Springs</a>; 11°10′13″ S, 31°36′00″ E; 1437 m a.s.l.; Jan. 2015; M. Harvey leg.; ANHRT • 4 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; Jan.–Mar. 2017; ANHRT • 7 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; Jan.–Mar. 2016; ANHRT • 5 ♂♂; same collecting data as for preceding; Dec. 2014; ANHRT • 4 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 14–16 Mar. 2017; ANHRT • 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 22 Nov.–8 Dec. 2015; R. Smith, H. Takano and D. Oram leg.; ANHRT • 3 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 17–21 Nov. 2016; ANHRT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 1–5 Mar. 2017; D. Oram, W. Miles and L. Mulvaney leg.; ANHRT • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.71389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.681111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.71389/lat -9.681111)">Kalungu</a>; 9°40′52″ S, 32°42′50″ E; 1280 m a.s.l.; 22–24 Nov. 2016; R. Smith, H. Takano and D. Oram leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 5–8 Mar. 2017; D. Oram, W. Miles and L. Mulvaney leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 11 Mar. 2017; ANHRT • 1 ♂; Lukulu River, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.895277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.251389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.895277/lat -12.251389)">Lavushi Manda National Park</a>; 12°15′05″ S, 30°53′43″ E; 1285 m a.s.l.; 27–29 Nov. 2012; R. Smith and H. Takano leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; Makutu Mts, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.21417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.4574995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.21417/lat -10.4574995)">gully at foot of main ridge</a>; 10°27′27″ S, 33°12′51″ E; 1570 m a.s.l.; 2–4 Dec. 2023; M. Bashford, A. Collins, G. László, L. Morgan and A. Volynkin leg.; ANHRT • 4 ♂♂; Mama Muwowo’s Lodge, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.434723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.544445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.434723/lat -10.544445)">Muyombe</a>; 10°32′40″ S, 33°26′05″ E; 1230 m a.s.l.; 6–7 Dec. 2023; G. László, L. Morgan and A. Volynkin leg.; ANHRT • 4 ♂♂; Mpika; Nov. 1950; H.B.D. Kettlewell leg.; NHMUK • 2 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.291666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.451667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.291666/lat -12.451667)">Mutinondo Wilderness Area</a>; 12°27′06″ S, 31°17′30″ E; 1460 m a.s.l.; 26–29 Nov. 2016; R. Smith, H. Takano and D. Oram leg.; ANHRT . – Northern • 1 ♂; Abercorn [= Mbala]; Feb. 1934; D. Vesey-FitzGerald leg.; NHMUK • 14 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.726389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.836945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.726389/lat -9.836945)">Chilambwe Falls</a>; 9°50′13″ S, 30°43′35″ E; 1420 m a.s.l.; 8–9 Nov. 2014; R. Smith, H. Takano and D. Oram leg.; ANHRT • 25 ♂♂; same locality as for preceding; 8–12 Feb. 2019; V. Dérozier, L. Mulvaney, R. Smith and H. Takano leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.917221&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.108611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.917221/lat -10.108611)">Chisimbe Falls</a>; 10°06′31″ S, 30°55′02″ E; 1320 m a.s.l.; 27–29 Apr. 2013; R. Smith, H. Takano and D. Oram leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.388056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.5425005" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.388056/lat -9.5425005)">Lumangwe Falls</a>; 9°32′33″ S, 29°23′17″ E; 1187 m a.s.l.; 4–7 Feb. 2019; V. Dérozier, L. Mulvaney, R. Smith and H. Takano leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.44972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.4783325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.44972/lat -8.4783325)">Ndole Bay</a>; 08°28′42″ S, 30°26′59″ E; 777 m a.s.l.; 23–25 Nov. 2012; R. Smith and H. Takano leg.; ANHRT . – Northwestern • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.20139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.186389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.20139/lat -11.186389)">Kalene Hill</a>; 11°11′11″ S, 24°12′05″ E; 1440 m a.s.l.; 6 Nov. 2018; M. Aristophanous, V. Dérozier, G. László and D. Oram leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; Hillwood, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.316387&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.267222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.316387/lat -11.267222)">Ikelenge</a>; 11°16′02″ S, 24°18′59″ E; 1400 m a.s.l.; 25–27 Nov. 2014; R. Smith and H. Takano leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.555555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.865001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.555555/lat -11.865001)">Jiwundu Swamp</a>; 11°51′54″ S, 25°33′20″ E; 1340 m a.s.l.; 25–30 Oct. 2017; M. Carter, A. Lloyd, W. Miles, D. Oram and R. Smith leg.; ANHRT • 2 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.536667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.806945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.536667/lat -11.806945)">Nyangombe Falls</a>; 11°48′25″ S, 24°32′12″ E; 1300 m a.s.l.; 15–17 Nov. 2018; M. Aristophanous, V. Dérozier, G. László and D. Oram leg.; ANHRT • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 17–23 Nov. 2019; M. Bashford, W. Miles, L. Mulvaney and R. Smith leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; Solwezi; 28 Nov. 1917; H.C. Dollman leg.; NHMUK • 3 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.185/lat -11.125)">Zambezi Rapids</a>; 11°07′30″S, 24°11′06″E; 1205 m a.s.l.; 4–9 Nov. 2018; M. Aristophanous, V. Dérozier, G. László and D. Oram leg.; ANHRT .</p><p>UGANDA – Northern • 1 ♂; Abim, Lebwor Hills; Aug. 2016; J.P. Lequeux leg.; RCPB • 1 ♂; Ajulu, Gulu District; 1035 m a.s.l.; 10 Apr. 2010; P. Schmit leg.; RCPB .</p><p>Literature records</p><p>MALAWI • Livingstonia (Pinhey 1962).</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Male (Figs 9–14, 49)</p><p>FOREWING LENGTH. 34–42 mm.</p><p>UPPERSIDE. Ground colour of head, thorax and wings yellow; abdomen black. Antenna bipectinate, dark brown with beige scaling along entire length of shaft. Abdomen scattered with pale straw-coloured ciliate scales and tufts of yellow, longer ciliate scales medially forming crest running along abdomen. Each abdominal segment with reddish-orange scales along posterior margin giving abdomen banded appearance. Eighth sternite gently concave posteriorly, heavily sclerotised along midline; its surface covered throughout in fine punctures. Forewing triangular, rounded at apex; outer margin almost straight but rounded at tornus. Postmedial fascia pale brown, gently arcuate and weakly defined (almost invisible in some). Postmedial fascia from underside weakly showing through, often placed distally of one on upperside. Submarginal fascia from underside weakly showing through in some specimens. Fringe dark yellow. Hindwing outer margin evenly rounded. Postmedial fascia arcuate broadly following margin. Submarginal fascia from underside weakly showing through. Fringe dark yellow.</p><p>UNDERSIDE. Ground colour of head, thorax and abdomen golden yellow. Tibia and tarsi of fore- and midlegs greyish-brown, tarsi of hindlegs slightly paler. Ground colour of wings as on upperside. Fasciae on both wings better defined than on upperside, submarginal fasciae slightly crenulate.</p><p>MALE GENITALIA (Figs 39–40). Uncus reduced, fused with tegumen. Tegumen broad with pair of long, flattened, apically rounded, truncate lateral projections; inner surface basally with apically arcuate pad, heavily spinulose along outer margin; entire surface heavily setose. Gnathos emarginate distally, heavily spinulose on either side of emargination. Valve elongate, triangular and cleft (about halfway along valve). Costa bifurcate at apex; costal margin slightly concave. Sacculus well-defined, tapering apically into gently curved distal process. Juxta trapezoid, distally U- or V-shaped. Vinculum V-shaped. Saccus cylindrical, rounded at apex. Phallus slightly longer than valve, gently curved medially; coecum rounded. Vesica with scobination.</p><p>Female (Figs 15–16)</p><p>FOREWING LENGTH. 30–37 mm.</p><p>Similar to male but rami of antenna shorter and ground colour of head, thorax and wings ranging from canary-yellow through to brown.</p><p>Variation</p><p>Female specimens from Zomba and southern Malawi generally display a warm yellow ground-colour of the wings (Fig. 15) compared to the rest of the population, which is brown (Fig. 16). However, this appears to be a localised form; with there being no differences in the male phenotype or genitalia.</p><p>Larval foodplant</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Molecular characterisation</p><p>This species has been assigned three BINs: BOLD:AFG4533 (Cameroon), BOLD:AAU2961 (Tanzania), BOLD:ABX5434 (D.R. Congo) and BOLD:AFG4806 (Zambia). Intraspecific PWDs were 0.2–5.8% (n = 9) diverging from its nearest neighbour, C. smithi sp. nov. by 8.8–9.4% (n=2).</p><p>Distribution (Fig. 55)</p><p>This species is widely distributed throughout woodland habitats and forest-savanna transitional zones in central and eastern Africa, with an isolated population in Cameroon. It is absent from the rainforests of the Congo Basin and is found no further west than the Cameroon highlands, and no further south than the Zambezi River. This species is known from Cameroon, D.R. Congo, South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia and Angola. It is likely present in Burundi, Kenya and Mozambique, and may be found in the Central African Republic.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The two male and two female syntypes of C. flava are all held in NHMUK. To preserve the stability of nomenclature by fixing the published name to a single specimen, the best-preserved male specimen from the Stevenson Road, collected by Reverend Alexander Dewar, is designated as the lectotype (Fig. 9). The Stevenson Road was a thoroughfare that linked the northern end of Lake Malawi with the southern end of Lake Tanganyika, running broadly parallel to the Tanzania-Zambia border. Dewar served with the Free Church of Scotland at Livingstonia, Malawi, and founded the mission station at Mwenzo, where he was stationed between 1894–1896 (Jack 1901); it is most probable that the two male specimens were captured there. George Hampson noted that the two female specimens in the syntype series from Zomba, Malawi, and ‘Tanganyika’ differed slightly in appearance (Aurivillius 1904: 698). The Malawian specimen was collected by Brigadier-General Sir William Manning, deputy commissioner of British Central Africa at the time, and the Tanzanian specimen was collected by Alexander Carson, a London Missionary Society agent, likely originating from the southern half of Lake Tanganyika based on his published observations (Carson 1892) and other specimens he collected (Butler 1895).</p><p>In the original description of C. lactiflora, Wichgraf (1914) provided the type locality as Lake Tanganyika, but the label attached to the specimen suggests the specimen was taken at Lake Victoria (Fig. 10). It is presumed, however, that the former is the true type locality, as Wichgraf (1914) stated “Vom Bahnbau in der Nähe des Tanganjikasees [From the railway construction near Lake Tanganyika]” for another species described in the same paper. The Tanganyika Railway (Tanganjikabahn) linking Dar es Salaam with Kigoma was completed in early 1914, with the line to Kalenge, 30 km from the lake, opening to the public by October 1913 (Baltzer 1916). Although a railway line towards Lake Victoria (Ruandabahn) had been planned, it was only approved in 1914 (Baltzer 1916), and thus the locality data on the holotype specimen is likely a typographical error by Wichgraf. Gaede’s (1927) reference to Ethiopia for var. lactiflora is difficult to interpret and although possible that he had seen material from this region, it is unlikely.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEDB06FFBBFF92BB61FB1120CDF98C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Takano, Hitoshi	Takano, Hitoshi (2025): Taxonomic revision of Camerunia Aurivillius, 1893 and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae: Janinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 134-175, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3085, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3085/13751
03CEDB06FFA1FF91BB69F9152593FB37.text	03CEDB06FFA1FF91BB69F9152593FB37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camerunia albida Aurivillius 1901	<div><p>Camerunia albida Aurivillius, 1901</p><p>Figs 17–19, 41, 50, 56</p><p>Camerunia albida Aurivillius, 1901b: 27, fig. 17. Type locality: [Tanzania] “Nyangao”.</p><p>Camerunia albida – Gaede 1927: 306, pl. 46 fig. c. — Kitching et al. 2018: suppl. material 1.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>TANZANIA • ♂ (Fig. 17); “Typus [red card with black border] // Deutsch. Ost- / Afrika // Camerunia / albida Aur. typ [handwritten in Aurivillius’ hand] // NHRS-SRAH / 000001416 ”; NHRS.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This is the smallest species in the genus, and its creamy-white habitus is highly distinctive and perhaps most reminiscent of male Hibrildes, although in the latter, the wings are more translucent and lack markings except for the well-defined veins. The discal markings are similar to C. bimaculata (Dewitz, 1879) comb. rev. and C. subrosea, (Aurivillius, 1893) comb. nov. but in these two species, the markings are composed of two or three spots, rather than the four in C. albida . The apical patch and subterminal markings are not dissimilar to C. orphne and C. smithi sp. nov., but the ground colour of both these species is straw-yellow and the forewings display a distinctive dark basal patch. The eighth sternite of C. albida shares similarities with C. smithi in the heavily setose posterior margin and emarginate posterior margin, but in the latter, the sternite tapers posteriorly and the margin is deeply emarginate. The ground plan of the male genital capsule is most similar to C. flava but in the latter, the lateral projections of the tegumen are narrower, lacking the two long spines, and instead an apically arcuate pad with a heavily spinulose outer margin is present near the base of the inner surface. Furthermore, in C. flava, the gnathos is smaller and the spines are considerably shorter and more densely packed.</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Male (Figs 17, 50)</p><p>FOREWING LENGTH. 27 mm.</p><p>UPPERSIDE. Ground colour of head, thorax and wings creamy-white; abdomen pale brown. Vertex and patagium irrorated with brown scaling. Antenna bipectinate, dark brown. Abdomen irrorated with creamy-white scaling, abdominal segments with pale yellow scaling posteriorly giving banded appearance; anal tuft pale yellow. Eighth sternite gently concave anteriorly and weakly emarginate posteriorly, with some sclerotisation along midline; its surface covered throughout in fine punctures, heavily setose along posterior margin with longer setae medially. Forewing triangular, rounded at apex, outer margin gently arcuate; costa with brown scaling basally. Antemedial fascia dark brown, sinuate, indistinct. Cell bisected with longitudinal brown fascia running from base to medial vein. Dark brown scaling along vein CuP from base to outer margin. Discal marking black, quadruple, pair on either side of medial vein; outer pair larger with curved margins distad, inner pair smaller, one placed costad indistinct. Postmedial fascia dark brown, arcuate, gently crenulate; fascia arising perpendicularly just over halfway along costa and gently curved inwards at vein M1, terminating almost perpendicularly to anal margin. Large, broadly diamond-shaped, dark brown marking present at intersection of postmedial fascia and vein CuA1, about 5 mm wide and almost reaching veins on either side. Submarginal fascia dark brown, sinuate, running in line with postmedial fascia. Triangular apical patch, dark brown, its inner and outer edges placed equally just distad of submarginal fascia and proximad of subterminal area, respectively. Subterminal area dark brown, demarked proximally by sinuate margin arising near apex, broadening to be at its widest at vein M2, tapering towards vein CuA1 and petering out near tornus. Two indistinct dark brown spots placed proximad of the subterminal area in spaces CuA1 and CuA2. Fringe creamy-white (although unclear based on the limited remnants of the holotype).</p><p>HINDWING. Outer margin arcuate. Postmedial fasciae dark brown, arcuate, gently crenulate and generally indistinct, although better defined towards anal margin. Submarginal fasciae composed of dark brown lunules between veins, widest in space CuA1. Subterminal area irrorated with dark brown scaling.</p><p>UNDERSIDE. Ground colour as on upperside, but body entirely creamy white except for brown legs and some pale yellow scaling. Postmedial fascia as on upperside but indistinct. Submarginal fascia as on upperside but slightly displaced distad and running closely in line with inner edge of apical patch. Subterminal margin as on upperside but indistinct. Hindwing postmedial and submarginal fasciae as on upperside, but finer.</p><p>MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 41). Uncus reduced, fused with tegumen. Tegumen broad with pair of long, flattened, apically rounded, truncate lateral projections, angled medially; its inner surface heavily setose with two spines, one long spine (about half the length of lateral projection) three-quarters of way along dorsal margin and smaller spine half the size, ventrally near base. Gnathos emarginate proximally, with pair of long curved spines dorsally and three pairs of long spines, each shorter proximally, either side of midline. Valve triangular and cleft (about two-thirds of way along valve). Costa blunt at apex. Sacculus well-defined, tapering apically into gently curved distal process. Juxta trapezoid, proximally V-shaped, lateral margins tapering dorsad, distally weakly V-shaped. Vinculum V-shaped. Saccus triangular, rounded at apex. Phallus slightly longer than valve, gently curved medially, tapering towards carina; coecum rounded. Vesica with sparse scobination.</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Variation</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Larval foodplant</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Molecular characterisation</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Distribution (Fig. 56)</p><p>This species is known only from the holotype male from coastal south-east Tanzania, a region that harbours numerous endemic species, including butterflies such as Triskelionia compacta (Evans, 1951) and other bombycoids such as the hawkmoth, Rufoclanis maccleeryi Carcasson, 1968 . It has been reported that much of the original forest in this general area has been degraded (Larsen &amp; Congdon 2011).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Aurivillius (1901b) gave the type locality as Nyangao in south-eastern Tanzania, despite there being no indication of this on the labels attached to the type specimen (Fig. 17). Nyangao was a German mission station set up in 1896 (Hassing 1970) and a search of the literature revealed that at the turn of the 20 th century, most entomological specimens from this locality were in the collection of Johann Ertl, who had in turn obtained them from the Missionary Benedictines of St Ottilien (Suffert 1904). Aurivillius was well-acquainted with Ertl and his collection, having described numerous Tanzanian species of Coleoptera Linnaeus, 1758 (mainly Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802) over a ten-year period (e.g., Aurivillius 1903). It is also known that Aurivillius (1901a) had specimens of Lepidoptera from Ertl in front of him at the time of the description of C. albida, and although only a single specimen is known of this taxon, its provenance is currently not in question. The species has been figured twice in the literature, the first in the original description (reproduced here in Fig. 18) and once more in Gaede (1927) (reproduced here in Fig. 19). Despite the differences in the depictions, the former being the most accurate and the latter with some artistic stylisation, it is believed they refer to the same unique holotype specimen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEDB06FFA1FF91BB69F9152593FB37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Takano, Hitoshi	Takano, Hitoshi (2025): Taxonomic revision of Camerunia Aurivillius, 1893 and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae: Janinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 134-175, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3085, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3085/13751
03CEDB06FFA2FF97BB56FAAA22A5FAD7.text	03CEDB06FFA2FF97BB56FAAA22A5FAD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camerunia smithi Takano 2025	<div><p>Camerunia smithi sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 319163B9-7853-44DD-AF06-C2B338E45C96</p><p>Figs 1, 20–21, 42–43, 51, 56</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This distinctive species can only be confused with C. orphne, sharing with it the dark brown basal marking on the forewing but the latter is a larger insect, and the forewing discal marking forms a bar along the medial vein. Moreover, these two species are found in allopatry on either side of Rift Valley and thus there is unlikely to be any confusion in specimens with well-documented provenance. The male genitalia of C. smithi sp. nov. are of the Camerunia bimaculata / subrosea type, but those of C. bimaculata / subrosea differ from that of the new species in the gently curved lateral processes of the tegumen (angled in C. smithi), the smaller but more spinulose gnathos, the apices of the valves hooked ventrad (straight in C. smithi) and the longer, narrower saccus.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The new species is dedicated with great pleasure to Richard Smith, Chairman of the Board of Trustees, ANHRT, for his outstanding and continued support of and contribution to African entomology through the institution he founded.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>TANZANIA • ♂ (Fig. 20); “TANZANIE: Morogoro Re- / gion, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.930332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.372783" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.930332/lat -6.372783)">Kaguru</a> Mts., 1870m., / 06°22.367’S., 036°55.820’E., / 7-XI-2013 (Ph. Darge) // Ex. Coll. Ph. Darge / ANHRT:2019.20 // ANHRTUK / 00207258 ”; ANHRT.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>TANZANIA • 6 ♂♂; same data as for holotype; ANHRT .</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (Figs 20–21, 51) FOREWING LENGTH. 29–32 mm.</p><p>Ground colour of body dark chocolate-brown. Vertex and thorax sparsely irrorated with white scales. Antenna bipectinate, dark brown. First abdominal segment with dense tuft of white scales anteriorly; first two segments darker than ground colour, irrorated with white scales. Remaining segments with tufts of longer ciliate scales medially forming crest which runs along abdomen. Eighth sternite with deep concavity posteriorly, and heavy sclerotisation latero-anteriorly; its surface evenly covered in fine punctures and heavily setose posteriorly. Anal tuft irrorated with white scales. Forewing triangular, rounded at apex, outer margin gently arcuate, almost straight; ground colour pale straw. Basal marking, dark chocolate, almost half length of cell; its outer margin arcuate, slightly sinuate, with white fascia on the inner edge of border. Costa with dark spot between basal marking and discal marking. Discal marking black, comprising three fine spots on outer edge of medial, one each at junctures of veins M1–M3, spot at M2 being smallest and longitudinally elongate. Postmedial fascia, dark brown, bilineate, arcuate, evenly crenulate, outer of two more indistinct; fasciae arising almost perpendicularly from dark brown spot on costa, sharply curving inward at vein M2 and terminating almost perpendicularly along anal margin. Space CuA1 and dorsal portion of CuA2 with well-defined darker brown marking filling space between postmedial fasciae. Submarginal fasciae dark brown, bilineate, crenulate, broadly running in parallel with postmedial fascia; inner of two arising from small dark brown marking on costa with two longitudinal dark brown markings proximad along veins M3 and CuA1; outer arising from three well-defined dark brown markings with rounded margins distad, sometimes conjoined proximad, forming subapical patch. Subterminal fascia dark brown, crenulate, following outer margin. Subterminal area with olive brown triangular patch, its inner margin arising at apex, widening proximad as far as subterminal fascia in space M2 and terminating along termen around vein CuA1. Fringe olive brown with pale straw-coloured scales forming dots at termination points of veins.</p><p>HINDWING. Outer margin arcuate; ground colour pale yellow. Postmedial fascia dark brown, bilineate, arcuate and angled at vein M2, weakly crenulate, outer of two indistinct, terminating at dark brown spot along anal margin. Submarginal fascia dark brown, bilineate, running in parallel with postmedial fascia, the inner crenulate and indistinct, the outer composed of dark brown lunules between veins, terminating at dark brown spot along anal margin. Subterminal fascia dark brown, crenulate. Termen highlighted with olive-brown scales. Fringe as on forewing but irrorated with yellow scales.</p><p>UNDERSIDE. Ground colour of body and wings yellow, legs brown. Forewing markings showing through from upperside, but only postmedial fascia and submarginal triangular patch weakly marked. Hindwing veins and termen well-defined with dark brown scaling. Postmedial, submarginal and subterminal fasciae as on upperside but better defined.</p><p>MALE GENITALIA (Figs 42–43). Uncus reduced, fused with tegumen. Tegumen broad with pair of long, cylindrical, apically pointed lateral projections, medially hooked inward; its inner surface heavily setose. Gnathos bilobed, with small, dense cluster of spines, either side of midline. Valve triangular and cleft (about half way along valve). Costa blunt at apex with tiny spine ventrally. Sacculus well-defined, tapering into curved distal process rounded at apex. Juxta trapezoid, proximally V-shaped, lateral margins gently tapering dorsad, distally V-shaped. Vinculum V-shaped. Saccus triangular, short (as long as gnathos), rounded at apex. Phallus slightly longer than valve, curved at coecum but otherwise straight; coecum rounded; carina weakly scobinate. Vesica with sparse scobination.</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Variation</p><p>Based on the short series of males, the extent of the discal markings varies slightly, the smallest longitudinally elongate spot missing in some individuals.</p><p>Larval foodplant</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Molecular characterisation</p><p>The new species has been assigned the BIN BOLD:AFF5559. The intraspecific PWD was 0.0% (n = 2) diverging from its nearest neighbour, C. flava by 8.8–9.4% (n = 9).</p><p>Distribution (Fig. 56)</p><p>The new species is known only from the seven male specimens from the type locality in Mamiwa-Kisara Forest Reserve, Ukaguru Mountains, Tanzania, and it is almost certainly restricted to this forest block. The Ukagurus form part of the Eastern Arc Mountains, well-known for their exceptional biodiversity and single-locality endemics. The Mamiwa-Kisara Forest Reserve constitutes the largest tract of montane forest in the Ukagurus, which is home to numerous endemic species, although habitat degradation has recently been reported at this site (Lawson et al. 2023). Recent discoveries of narrow-ranged bombycoid species in this chain of mountains include Temnora smithi Takano, 2022, known only from a small patch of montane forest in the Mahenge Mountains (Takano 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEDB06FFA2FF97BB56FAAA22A5FAD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Takano, Hitoshi	Takano, Hitoshi (2025): Taxonomic revision of Camerunia Aurivillius, 1893 and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae: Janinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 134-175, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3085, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3085/13751
03CEDB06FFA4FF9BB8DDFACA245BFA17.text	03CEDB06FFA4FF9BB8DDFACA245BFA17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camerunia bimaculata (Dewitz 1879)	<div><p>Camerunia bimaculata (Dewitz, 1879) comb. rev.</p><p>Figs 1, 22–27, 44–45, 52, 56</p><p>Dreata bimaculata Dewitz, 1879: 33, pl. 2 fig. 5. Type locality: [Angola] “dem 10° S.B. und zwischen dem 17–22° O.L. von Greenw.”</p><p>Camerunia bimaculata – Aurivillius 1901b: 27 (comb.)</p><p>Catajana bimaculata – Strand 1910: 98. — Gaede 1927: 306, pl. 46 fig. d. — Kiriakoff 1954: 11. — Vári et al. 2002: 150. — Kitching et al. 2018: suppl. material 1. — Krüger 2020: 138.</p><p>Hemijana bimaculata – Forbes 1955: 94, 129.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Camerunia bimaculata (Dewitz, 1879) comb. rev. is a highly distinctive insect taxon that cannot readily be confused with any of its congeners. It shares a yellow ground colour of the wings with C. flava, but in the latter, both sets of wings are of the same colour and the forewing lacks the discal markings as well as fasciae. The general pattern of the wings is somewhat reminiscent of that of C. subrosea (Aurivillius, 1893) comb. nov., but in the latter, the forewings generally have a slightly pinkish tinge, whilst the hindwings range from rosy-red to pink. The male genitalia of C. bimaculata are most similar to those of C. subrosea, but in the latter, a digitate basal process is present along the ventral margin of the lateral process of the tegumen (absent in C. bimaculata), the spines of the gnathos are more densely packed together arising closer to the midline, the apex of the saccular process is triangular and pointed (rounded in C. bimaculata), and the phallic tube is shorter and more robust.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>ANGOLA • ♂ (Fig. 22); “21768 // guinea / inter. / Pogge [green paper; handwritten] // Bimaculata / Dwtz. * [green paper; handwritten] // Bimaculata / Dwtz. Mittheill. / J. Münchener ent. / Vereins. 1879. p.33. / t.II. f.5 [green paper; handwritten]”; MfN .</p><p>Other material examined (58 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀)</p><p>ANGOLA – Bié • 1 ♀; Bihé [= Kuito]; F.S. Arnot leg.; NHMUK . – Malanje • 1 ♂; Fort Don Carlos; 20 Sep. 1903; W.J. Ansorge leg.; NHMUK . – Moxico • 1 ♂; Moxico District; 1219 m a.s.l.; Oct. 1928; T.A. Barns leg.; NHMUK .</p><p>DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO – Haut-Katanga • 1 ♂; Elisabethville [= Lubumbashi]; 14 Jan. 1948; C. Seydel leg.; RMCA • 1 ♂; same collecting data as for preceding; 26 Nov. 1955; RMCA • 1 ♂; Likasi; 1924; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Luena; 25 Sep. 1983; RMCA • 1 ♂; Mwera; 23 Feb. 1982; RMCA • 1 ♂; Parc National de l’Upemba, Kaswabilenga; 700 m a.s.l.; 15 Sep.–6 Nov. 1947; Mission G.F. de Witte leg.; RMCA . – Lualaba • 1 ♂; Kafakumba; Mar. 1929; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Kangagi [= Kangaji]; Jan. 1927; F.G. Overlaet leg.; RMCA • 1 ♂; Kolwezi; Jan. 1953; V. Allard leg.; RMCA .</p><p>MALAWI – Southern • 1 ♂; between Fort Mangoche and Chikala Boma; 1219 m a.s.l.; 21 Mar. 1910; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK .</p><p>TANZANIA – Rukwa • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.253683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.359933" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.253683/lat -8.359933)">Kalambo Forest Reserve</a>; 8°21.596′ S, 31°15.221′ E; 1632 m a.s.l.; 22 Nov. 2009; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT .</p><p>ZAMBIA – Central • 1 ♂; Kasanka River Pontoon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.234722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.573055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.234722/lat -12.573055)">Kasanka National Park</a>; 12°34′23″ S, 30°14′05″ E; 1191 m a.s.l.; 2–4 Dec. 2012; R. Smith and H. Takano leg.; ANHRT. – Copperbelt • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.234722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.573055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.234722/lat -12.573055)">Mwengwa</a>; 23 Feb. 1914; H.C. Dollman leg.; NHMUK. – Luapula • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.234722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.573055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.234722/lat -12.573055)">Mumbuluma Falls</a>; 1190 m; 12 Jan. 2018; P. Schmit leg.; RCPB. – Muchinga • 3 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.234722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.573055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.234722/lat -12.573055)">Benyanga village</a>; 10°40′41″ S, 33°27′45″ E; 1250 m a.s.l.; 7–12 Dec. 2023; G. László, L. Morgan and A. Volynkin leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.71389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.681111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.71389/lat -9.681111)">Kalungu</a>; 9°40′52″ S, 32°42′50″ E; 1280 m a.s.l.; 22–24 Nov. 2016; R. Smith, H. Takano and D. Oram leg.; ANHRT • 6 ♂♂; same locality as for preceding; 5–8 Mar. 2017; D. Oram, W. Miles and L. Smith leg.; ANHRT • 3 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 11 Mar. 2017; ANHRT • 1 ♂; Mama Muwowo’s Lodge, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.434723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.544445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.434723/lat -10.544445)">Muyombe</a>; 10°32′40″ S, 33°26′05″ E; 1230 m a.s.l.; 29–30 Nov. 2023; M. Bashford, A. Collins, G. László, L. Morgan and A. Volynkin leg.; ANHRT • 3 ♂♂; same locality as for preceding; 6–7 Dec. 2023; G. László, L. Morgan and A. Volynkin leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♀; Mpika; Nov. 1950; H.B.D. Kettlewell leg.; NHMUK . – Northwestern • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.404999&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.486667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.404999/lat -11.486667)">Chitunta Plain</a>; 11°29′12″ S, 24°24′18″ E; 1396 m a.s.l.; 29 Nov.–4 Dec. 2019; M. Bashford, W. Miles and L. Mulvaney leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; dambo near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.666666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.426667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.666666/lat -11.426667)">Kanyama</a>; 11°25′36″ S, 24°40′00″ E; 1375 m a.s.l.; 4–7 Dec. 2019; M. Bashford, W. Miles and L. Mulvaney leg.; ANHRT • 2 ♂♂; Hillwood, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.316387&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.267222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.316387/lat -11.267222)">Ikelenge</a>; 11°16′02″ S, 24°18′59″ E; 1400 m a.s.l.; 23–30 Nov. 2019; M. Bashford, W. Miles, L. Mulvaney and R. Smith leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.555555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.865001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.555555/lat -11.865001)">Jiwundu Swamp</a>; 11°51′54″ S, 25°33′20″ E; 1340 m a.s.l.; 25–30 Oct. 2017; M. Carter, A. Lloyd, W. Miles, D. Oram and R. Smith leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 29 Oct.–4 Nov. 2018; M. Aristophanous, V. Dérozier, G. László and D. Oram leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; Kambishi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.484722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.910833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.484722/lat -11.910833)">Jiwundu</a>; 11°54′39″ S, 25°29′05″ E; 1340 m a.s.l.; 18–19 Oct. 2014; R. Smith, H. Takano and D. Oram leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; Lukwakwa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.436943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.661111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.436943/lat -12.661111)">West Lunga National Park</a>; 12°39′40″ S, 24°26′13″ E; 1147 m a.s.l.; 4–8 Nov. 2013; R. Smith, H. Takano and D. Oram leg.; ANHRT • 2 ♂♂; same locality as for preceding; 9–15 Nov. 2018; M. Aristophanous, V. Dérozier, G. László and D. Oram leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; Nkwaji, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.554722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.606112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.554722/lat -11.606112)">Mwinilunga</a>; 11°36′22″ S, 24°33′17″ E; 1316 m a.s.l.; 29 Oct.–3 Nov. 2013; R. Smith and H. Takano leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; same locality as for preceding; 3–10 Nov. 2017; M. Carter, A. Lloyd, W. Miles, D. Oram and R. Smith leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; Solwezi; 2 Nov. 1917; H.C. Dollman leg.; NHMUK • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.185/lat -11.125)">Zambezi Rapids</a>; 11°07′30″ S, 24°11′06″ E; 1205 m a.s.l.; 4–9 Nov. 2018; M. Aristophanous, V. Dérozier, G. László and D. Oram leg.; ANHRT . – Southern • 7 ♂♂; Bruce-Miller Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.025&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.636667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.025/lat -16.636667)">Choma</a>; 16°38′12″ S, 27°01′30″ E; 1179 m a.s.l.; 28 Feb.–8 Mar. 2019; Dérozier, M. Imakando, W. Miles and L. Mulvaney leg.; ANHRT • 1 ♂; Kalomo; C.W. Brames Hall leg.; NHMUK • 3 ♂♂; Musuku Lodge, Bruce-Miller Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.059055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.645666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.059055/lat -16.645666)">Choma</a>; 16°38′44.4″ S, 27°03′32.6″ E; 1227 m a.s.l.; 28 Feb.–8 Mar. 2019; V. Dérozier, M. Imakando, W. Miles and L. Mulvaney leg.; ANHRT . – Western • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.318832&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.318832/lat -15.613)">30 km S of Mongu</a>; 15°36.78′ S, 23°19.13′ E; 4 Dec. 2017; R. Minetti leg.; ANHRT • 2 ♂♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.766388&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.078889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.766388/lat -15.078889)">Ndanda</a>; 15°04′44″ S, 23°45′59″ E; 1090 m a.s.l.; 10–11 Nov. 2013; R. Smith, H. Takano and D. Oram leg.; ANHRT .</p><p>ZIMBABWE • 1 ♂; Mashonaland; H.B. Dobbie leg.; NHMUK. – Harare • 1 ♀; Salisbury [= Harare]; Dec. 1898; G.A.K. Marshall leg.; NHMUK .</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Male (Figs 22–25, 52)</p><p>FOREWING LENGTH. 30–35 mm.</p><p>UPPERSIDE. Ground colour of head, thorax, forewings and abdomen beige; vertex dark greyish-brown, patagium slightly golden, hindwing yellow. Antenna bipectinate, dark brown. Eighth sternite truncate posteriorly, weakly sclerotised; its surface covered evenly in fine punctures with scattering of deeper punctures. Forewing triangular, rounded at apex, outer margin gently arcuate; costa with golden scaling. Antemedial fascia indicated by dark brown dots along veins, sinuate, poorly defined, arising at cubital and terminating along anal margin. Discal marking black, double, one on either side of medial vein, inner smaller than outer; outer sometimes split in half by vein M2. Postmedial fascia dark brown, arcuate, with darker dots along veins; fascia arising perpendicularly just over halfway along costa and gently curved inwards at vein M1, terminating perpendicularly to anal margin. Submarginal fascia indicated by dark brown dots along veins, running in line with the postmedial fascia. Fringe pale beige irrorated with golden scales.</p><p>HINDWING. Outer margin arcuate, slightly angled at vein M2. Postmedial and submarginal fasciae dark brown, arcuate, showing through from the underside. Fringe pale beige irrorated with golden scales.</p><p>UNDERSIDE. Legs and to lesser degree abdomen densely covered in long carmine ciliate scales, giving different appearance to upperside. Ground colour of wings golden with ferruginous tinge. Postmedial fascia dark brown, fine, placed slightly distad of and straight than that on upperside. Submarginal fascia dark brown, fine, placed slightly distad of and more arcuate than that on upperside. Hindwing veins well-defined with dark brown scaling. Postmedial and submarginal fasciae dark brown, arcuate, almost running parallel to each other, inner of two slightly broader, the outer gently crenulate. Subterminal fascia dark brown, sinuate, indistinct or absent in some individuals.</p><p>MALE GENITALIA (Figs 44–45). Uncus reduced, fused with tegumen. Tegumen broad with pair of long, cylindrical, apically pointed lateral projections, gently curved inward; their inner surface weakly setose. Gnathos with sparse cluster of spines of varying length, either side of midline. Valve triangular and cleft (about one-third of way along valve). Costa curved ventrad at apex, tapering to blunt point. Sacculus well-defined with curved distal process, rounded at apex. Juxta trapezoid, proximally V-shaped, lateral margins tapering cranially, distally with deep U-shaped concavity. Vinculum V-shaped. Saccus cylindrical, rounded at apex. Phallus as long as valve, gently curved medially; coecum rounded. Vesica with scobination.</p><p>Female (Figs 26–27)</p><p>FOREWING LENGTH. 34–37 mm.</p><p>Similar to male with no difference in rami length of the antenna. Some individuals with a salmon hue to the hindwing upperside.</p><p>Variation</p><p>The extent of the discal markings varies greatly from well-marked individuals (Fig. 23) to those where the markings are almost invisible (Fig. 25).</p><p>Larval foodplant</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Molecular characterisation</p><p>This species has been assigned two BINs: BOLD:AAO8836 (NW Zambia) and BOLD:AAO8634 (NE Zambia). Intraspecific PWDs were 0.0–4.0% (n = 5), diverging from its nearest neighbour, C. subrosea (Aurivillius, 1893) comb. nov. by 6.0–6.8% (n = 4).</p><p>Distribution (Fig. 56)</p><p>The species is widely distributed in Central Zambezian Miombo woodland habitats in Angola, southern D.R. Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi and the extreme south-west of Tanzania, where it appears not to cross beyond the Rukwa Rift. It will likely be present in northern Mozambique and potentially Botswana.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The holotype was collected by Paul Pogge on Alexander von Homeyer’s expedition to Angola and southern D.R. Congo under the auspices of the Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Erforschung ÄquatorialAfrikas. Setting off from Luanda in February 1875, the party travelled to Pungo Andongo, where several members of the expedition (including von Homeyer) fell ill. Pogge continued further inland, firstly to Kimbundo with the topographer Anton Lux, who also became incapacitated with illness, before reaching Mussumba, the residence of the ruler of the Lunda Kingdom, Mwata Yamvo in December 1875 (Pogge 1880). According to Dewitz’s (1879) publication, the holotype was collected between 17° and 22° longitude along the 10 th parallel south, which, when cross-referenced with Pogge (1880), refers to a region between Sanza and Difunda (on the Kasai River), all of which falls within modern-day Angola. For the purposes of placing a point on the distribution map, the midpoint of the aforementioned coordinates, 19°30′ E along Pogge’s route (just to the east of his Kimbundo, approximately 10°12′ S) was selected. The type locality is stated as being from Guinea in some web sources, doubtless due to Dewitz’s (1879: 23) explanation that Pogge “von der Guinea-küste…in’s Innere vordrang [= advanced into the interior… from the Guinea coast]”, even though the word Guinea was not once mentioned by Pogge (1880) in his book. Guinea, or in this instance Niederguinea, referred to the region from Cameroon to Angola in the 19 th Century, as can be seen in many German atlases of the time (e.g., Kiepert et al. 1873).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEDB06FFA4FF9BB8DDFACA245BFA17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Takano, Hitoshi	Takano, Hitoshi (2025): Taxonomic revision of Camerunia Aurivillius, 1893 and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae: Janinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 134-175, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3085, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3085/13751
03CEDB06FFA8FF9CB8CBF98A2271FCE8.text	03CEDB06FFA8FF9CB8CBF98A2271FCE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camerunia subrosea (Aurivillius 1893) Takano 2025	<div><p>Camerunia subrosea (Aurivillius, 1893) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 28–35, 46–47, 53, 57</p><p>Jana subrosea Aurivillius, 1893: 209 . Type locality: [South Africa] “Transvaal”.</p><p>Hemijana ruberrima Rothschild, 1917: 490 . Type locality: [Angola] “Bibé” [sic = Kuito].</p><p>Hemijana subrosea f. distincta Berio, 1937: 379. Type locality: [Zambia] “Monge” [sic = Monze].</p><p>Jana subrosea – Distant 1897: 205.</p><p>Hemijana subrosea – Aurivillius 1901b: 22. — Gaede 1927: 302, pl. 46 fig. a. — Pinhey 1975: 130, pls 28 and 30 fig. 571. — Vári et al. 2002: 150. — Kitching et al. 2018: suppl. material 1. — Krüger 2020: 138.</p><p>Hemijana ruberrima – Gaede 1927: 302. — Vári et al. 2002: 150 (syn.).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Camerunia subrosea (Aurivillius, 1893) comb. nov. is the smallest species of the genus, and despite similar wing patterns to C. bimaculata (Dewitz, 1879) comb. rev., it is easily identified by its rosy-pink hindwing, which is yellow in its congener. The male genitalia of C. subrosea are also most similar to those of C. bimaculata, but in the latter, the lateral processes of the tegumen lack the basal process along the ventral margin, the spines of the gnathos are less densely packed and arise further from the midline, the apex of the saccular process is blunt (triangular and pointed in C. subrosea) and the phallic tube is longer and thinner.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype of Jana subrosea (by present designation)</p><p>SOUTH AFRICA • ♂ (Fig. 28); “Transvaal [handwritten] // Hemijana / subrosea / Aur. typ. [handwritten] // 12 (1). [handwritten]”; MfN .</p><p>Paralectotype of Jana subrosea</p><p>SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; “Typus [red card with black border] // 927. // Hemijana / subrosea Aur. [handwritten in Aurivillius’ hand] // NHRS-SRAH / 000001440 ”; NHRS .</p><p>Lectotype of Hemijana ruberrima (by present designation)</p><p>ANGOLA • ♂ (Fig. 29); “Type [white disc with red border] // Bihe, / Angola / [Pemberton] [black border] // Hemijana / ruberrima / Type Rothsch. [handwritten in Rothschild’s hand] // BMNH(E)1627075 [QR Code]”; NHMUK .</p><p>Paralectotype of Hemijana ruberrima</p><p>ANGOLA • ♂; “ Bihe, / Angola / [Pemberton] [black border]”; NHMUK .</p><p>Other material examined (27 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀)</p><p>ANGOLA – Moxico • 1 ♂; Km 879 Benguela Railway [= Cangonga (see Hance &amp; van Dongen 1956)]; 17 Sep. 1927; NHMUK . – Lunda Sul • 1 ♂; Xa-Sengue [= Xassengue]; 10 Apr. 1937; M.A. Excell leg.; NHMUK .</p><p>BOTSWANA • 1 ♂; [unspecified locality]; 1892; MfN .</p><p>DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO – Haut-Lomami • 1 ♂; Kaniama; Mar.–Jul. 1932; A.J.J. Massart leg.; RMCA . – Kasaï • 2 ♂♂; Mukishi; 1928; A. Becquet leg.; RMCA . – Kasaï-Central • 1 ♂; Dimbelenge; 30 Oct. 1950; M. Fontaine leg.; RMCA • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 4 Nov. 1950; RMCA • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 29 Nov. 1950; RMCA • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 5 Jan. 1951; RMCA • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 10 Feb. 1951; RMCA • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 30 May 1953; RMCA • 1 ♂; Luluabourg [= Kananga]; 6 Jun. 1953; M. Fontaine leg.; RMCA . – Lomami • 3 ♂♂; Kabinda; J. Schwetz leg.; RMCA • 1 ♂; Penge; 16 Jan. 1926; C. Seydel leg.; RMCA . – Lualaba • 1 ♀; Kapanga; May 1934; F.G. Overlaet leg.; RMCA • 1 ♀; Kolwezi; 3 Nov. 1952; S. Gilbert leg.; RMCA . – Sankuru • 1 ♂; Badingale; 12 Jan. 1950; P. Hostie leg.; RMCA .</p><p>TANZANIA – Kagera • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.669067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.15315" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.669067/lat -2.15315)">Maninga</a>; 2°09.189′ S, 31°40.144′ E; 1320 m a.s.l.; 4 Nov. 2008; P. Darge leg.; ANHRT . – Tabora • 1 ♀; Tabora; Mar. 1915; A. Reuss leg.; MfN .</p><p>SOUTH AFRICA • 1 ♂; [unspecified locality]; E. Holub leg.; NHMW • 1 ♂; Transvaal; MfN. – Gauteng • 1 ♂; Johannesburg; 1829 m a.s.l.; Dec. 1898; J.P. Cregoe leg.; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Modderfontein; Feb. 1921; A.V. Langshaw leg.; NHMUK • 1 ♂; Pretoria; W.L. Distant leg.; NHMUK. – Mpumalanga • 1 ♂; Balmoral; 5 May 1902; E.E. Hamm leg.; OUMNH .</p><p>ZAMBIA – Copperbelt • 1 ♀; Forestry office, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.683332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.683332/lat -12.85)">Chati</a>; 12°51′ S, 27°41′ E; 1200 m a.s.l.; 5 Nov. 1969; S.M. Tanner leg.; ANHRT. – Northwestern • 1 ♂; Hillwood, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.683332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.683332/lat -12.85)">Ikelenge</a>; 11°16′02″ S, 24°18′59″ E; 1400 m a.s.l.; 21–28 Oct. 2013; R. Smith, H. Takano, L. Chmurova and L. Smith leg.; ANHRT. – Western • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.683332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.683332/lat -12.85)">Ndanda</a>; 15°04′44″ S, 23°45′59″ E; 1090 m a.s.l.; 10–11 Nov. 2013; R. Smith, H. Takano and D. Oram leg.; ANHRT .</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Male (Figs 28–33, 53)</p><p>FOREWING LENGTH. 21–27 mm.</p><p>UPPERSIDE. Ground colour of body and forewing ranging from beige to pale-brown, irrorated with rosy-pink scales; hindwing ranging from rosy-red to pink. Antenna bipectinate, dark brown with pale beige scaling along entire length of shaft. Eighth sternite gently arcuate posteriorly, weakly sclerotised; its surface covered evenly in fine punctures with scattering of deeper punctures. Forewing triangular, slightly rounded at apex, outer margin gently arcuate. Antemedial fascia dark brown, gently sinuate arising perpendicular to the costa and terminating along anal margin. Discal marking black, triple, two on outer edge of medial vein, other on inner (sometimes very faint or absent). Postmedial fasciae dark brown, arcuate, arising perpendicularly nearly two-thirds along costa and curved inwards at vein M1, terminating perpendicularly to anal margin; outer of two diffuse (or entirely absent), becoming fainter towards costal margin. Submarginal fascia dark brown, arcuate, slightly sinuate, broadly running in line with postmedial fascia. Region between submarginal and subterminal fasciae with diffuse dark brown scaling in some individuals. Subterminal fascia dark brown, crenulate, indistinct, and following outer margin. Fringe mixture of pink, brown and greyish-white scales.</p><p>HINDWING. Outer margin arcuate. In some individuals, postmedial and submarginal fasciae weakly showing through from underside. Subterminal fascia dark brown, indistinct and best-defined at tornus present in some individuals. Fringe with more pink scales than on forewing.</p><p>UNDERSIDE. Legs and abdomen irrorated with long carmine ciliate scales. Ground colour of wings brown with rusty tinge. Submarginal fascia dark brown, fine, placed slightly distad to that of upperside, and only well-defined near the costa. Hindwing postmedial and submarginal fasciae dark brown, arcuate or slightly angled, almost running parallel to each other, outer gently crenulate.</p><p>MALE GENITALIA (Figs 46–47). Uncus reduced, fused with tegumen. Tegumen broad with pair of long, cylindrical, apically pointed lateral projections, gently curved inward; ventral margin with short, truncate projection near base. Gnathos with dense cluster of spines, either side of midline. Valve triangular and cleft (about half the way along valve). Costa curved ventrad at apex, tapering to blunt point. Sacculus well-defined tapering apically into curved distal process, with triangular apex. Juxta trapezoid, proximally V-shaped, lateral margins gently tapering dorsad, distally V-shaped. Vinculum V-shaped. Saccus cylindrical, rounded at apex. Phallus robust, as long as valve, almost straight; coecum rounded. Vesica with scobination.</p><p>Female (Figs 34–35)</p><p>FOREWING LENGTH. 27–30 mm.</p><p>Similar to male but rami of antennae nearly half as long. Some individuals with a deep crimson hue to the upperside.</p><p>Variation</p><p>The ground colour and extent of forewing markings, especially the fasciae, are highly variable among individuals of this species.</p><p>Larval foodplant</p><p>Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri ( Rubiaceae) (Staude et al. 2016).</p><p>Molecular characterisation</p><p>This species has been assigned the BIN BOLD:AAI2018. Intraspecific PWDs were 1.1–2.5% (n = 4), diverging from its nearest neighbour, C. bimaculata (Dewitz, 1879) comb. rev. by 6.0–6.8% (n = 5).</p><p>Distribution (Fig. 57)</p><p>Widely distributed across more open woodland habitats in southern and central Africa, including Angola, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, Zambia, Botswana and South Africa. It has also been recorded from Zimbabwe (Pinhey 1975) and may be found in Malawi and Mozambique.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>In the original description of Jana subrosea, Aurivillius (1893) gave a range in wingspan and stated that the type material came from Staudinger’s collection. To preserve the stability of nomenclature by fixing the published name to a single specimen, a male in MfN from Staudinger’s collection is designated as the lectotype (Fig. 28). The handwritten label signifying the specimen as being a type (also attached to the lectotype of C. insignis) is believed to be written neither in Aurivillius nor Staudinger’s hand, based on several inconsistencies in the style (namely the narrow spacing of the ligature and the long “y” in the word “typ.”) and the fact that the combination Hemijana subrosea did not exist until after Staudinger’s death. These specimens are also missing the characteristic “Origin.” labels printed on purple paper that Staudinger used to identify types (see Takano 2024a), and it is possible that they were labelled by a curator from the MfN when the Staudinger types arrived at the museum. Although there are no printed ex-collection or locality labels indicating that this specimen belonged to Staudinger, the elongate label with two numbers written on it (in this case “12 (1).”, or “16,1.” in C. insignis) is found on other Staudinger specimens of butterflies and moths studied by the present author in MfN. A male in NHRS labelled as a type with an Aurvillius determination label is probably part of the type series, the number “927” referring to a locality (in this case Transvaal) based on another specimen in MfN from Arnold Schultze’s collection with the handwritten label “927. / Trv.”. This specimen, the only one labelled with the original combination “ Jana subrosea ”, may also be part of the type series.</p><p>The two syntypes of Hemijana ruberrima were collected by Charles Hubert Pemberton in “Bihe” [= Kuito] during his journey through Angola in 1901–02, where he was predominantly collecting birds for Rothschild’s Tring Museum but also Lepidoptera . To preserve the stability of nomenclature by fixing the published name to a single specimen, the best-preserved male specimen with Rothschild’s handwritten type label is designated as the lectotype (Fig. 29). Little is known of Pemberton, a then 23-year-old trainee lawyer who only a few years prior to his departure had been sitting exams in Torquay (IALS Archives LSOC/9/20), or of his journey in Angola, but it is possible to piece together his route based on his collecting data from his natural history specimens, together with Tring Museum correspondence in the archives of NHMUK (DF/TM/1/156/17). Arriving at Luanda, he travelled down the Cuanza River from Barraca (May 1901) to Dondo (June), and then south through Calulo (July) and N’gungo (August) to Bailundo (September/October). He moved onto the Bié Plateau, exploring Kuito and the plains to the east (October-November) before heading southeast to Caconda (December) ending up in Humpata (January 1902). Based on the above itinerary, the lectotype was caught at the start of the rainy season, and this particularly bright, pink specimen is similar to others from north-western Zambia captured at a similar time of year, perhaps linked to the bright red pre-rain leaf flushes of miombo trees.</p><p>Berio (1937) described a male specimen missing the transverse forewing fasciae as f. distincta, following Tams’ examination and identification of the species. Similar poorly marked specimens have been examined by the present author, including a short series collected by Maurice Fontaine at Dimbelenge in RMCA (not figured) for which Gaede had proposed the manuscript name f. impunctata. The type locality of “Monge” is almost certainly a mistranscription or typographical error of Monze in southern Zambia, which the collector, Lidio Cipriani, passed through on several occasions on his second expedition to southern Africa (Cipriani 1931). In the same paper, Berio (1937) described several taxa collected by Cipriani in the Democratic Republic of Congo (“tra Coquilhatville e Stanleyville”) as well as at Chikuni, a mission station in southern Zambia (Cipriani 1929), and not the Congo as erroneously stated by Berio (e.g., see under Desmeocraera ciprianii Berio 1937: 381). The specimen on which f. distincta was based was not examined as part of this study but it is likely to reside in MCSN (see Taberer &amp; Giusti 2022) rather than in MZUF as stated in the original description.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEDB06FFA8FF9CB8CBF98A2271FCE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Takano, Hitoshi	Takano, Hitoshi (2025): Taxonomic revision of Camerunia Aurivillius, 1893 and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae: Janinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 134-175, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3085, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3085/13751
03CEDB06FFAFFF9DBB27FCF1246AFE6F.text	03CEDB06FFAFFF9DBB27FCF1246AFE6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemijana griseola , Rothschild 1917	<div><p>Hemijana griseola Rothschild, 1917 syn. nov.</p><p>Fig. 36</p><p>Hemijana griseola Rothschild, 1917: 490 . Type locality: [South Africa] “Mooi River, Natal”</p><p>Hemijana griseola – Gaede 1927: 302. — Vári et al. 2002: 150. — Kitching et al. 2018: suppl. material 1. — Krüger 2020: 138.</p><p>Poloma nigromaculata – Aurivillius 1893: 210.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>SOUTH AFRICA • ♂ (Fig. 36); “ Mooi River, / Natal. // Poloma / nigromacu / lata Aur. / der. M.Gaede [partially handwritten] // NHMUK 014200383 [QR code]”; NHMUK.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A single male from the Rothschild collection in NHMUK matching the original description and with the label corresponding to the type locality is likely the (unlabelled) holotype of Hemijana griseola (Fig. 36). Rothschild’s handwritten determination label appears to have become disassociated from the specimen at some stage and is instead pinned to the holotype of Poloma variegata (Rothschild, 1917) . This taxon is conspecific with Poloma nigromaculata (Aurivillius, 1893) as determined by Gaede and is herein synonymised with Aurivillius’s taxon; thus Hemijana griseola Rothschild, 1917 syn. nov. = Poloma nigromaculata (Aurivillius, 1893) . See Takano &amp; Morgan (2025) for further figures of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEDB06FFAFFF9DBB27FCF1246AFE6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Takano, Hitoshi	Takano, Hitoshi (2025): Taxonomic revision of Camerunia Aurivillius, 1893 and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae: Janinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 134-175, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3085, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3085/13751
03CEDB06FFAEFF9DB990FC86239BFCF5.text	03CEDB06FFAEFF9DB990FC86239BFCF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camerunia Aurivillius 1893	<div><p>Identification key to the species of Camerunia Aurivillius, 1893</p><p>1. Forewing with dark basal marking ................................................................................................... 2</p><p>– Forewing without dark basal marking .............................................................................................. 3</p><p>2. Forewing discal marking as wide as cell. Dark spot along forewing postmedial fasciae in space CuA1 diffuse. Hindwing fringe brown with white markings at the termination of veins. Large species found in West and Central Africa ......................................................................... C. orphne (Schaus, 1893)</p><p>– Forewing discal marking indicated by two or three spots. Dark spot along forewing postmedial fasciae in space CuA1 well defined. Hindwing fringe uniformly pale yellow. Small species endemic to Tanzania .............................................................................................................. C. smithi sp. nov.</p><p>3. Ground colour of hindwings yellow ................................................................................................. 4</p><p>– Ground colour of hindwings not yellow ........................................................................................... 5</p><p>4. Forewing with large discal marking ................................. C. bimaculata (Dewitz, 1879) comb. rev.</p><p>– Forewing without discal marking .............................................................. C. flava Aurivillius, 1904</p><p>5. Ground colour of hindwings white .......................................................... C. albida Aurivillius, 1901</p><p>– Ground colour of hindwings pink .................................. C. subrosea (Aurivillius, 1893) comb. nov.</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Camerunia orphne (Schaus, 1893) = Camerunia insignis Aurivillius, 1893</p><p>Camerunia flava Aurivillius, 1904 = Camerunia lactiflora Wichgraf, 1914</p><p>Camerunia albida Aurivillius, 1901</p><p>Camerunia smithi sp. nov.</p><p>Camerunia bimaculata (Dewitz, 1879) comb. rev.</p><p>Camerunia subrosea (Aurivillius, 1893) comb. nov. = Hemijana ruberrima Rothschild, 1917</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEDB06FFAEFF9DB990FC86239BFCF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Takano, Hitoshi	Takano, Hitoshi (2025): Taxonomic revision of Camerunia Aurivillius, 1893 and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae: Janinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1022: 134-175, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1022.3085, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3085/13751
