identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03CE4676FFF9814756A9F8BD0DB44176.text	03CE4676FFF9814756A9F8BD0DB44176.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ommatolampidina	<div><p>Subtribe Ommatolampidina</p><p>Comments. This subtribe is one of the most homogeneous in terms of external morphology. Its filiform antennae distinguish it; fastigium is subtriangular and does not noticeably extend beyond the scape and pedicel of the antenna (differentiating it from Vilernina and some Oulenotacrina, which have a more elongated fastigium and usually dorsoventrally flattened or ensiform antennae). The pronotum lacks conspicuous modifications (unlike Oulenotacrina, which exhibit lateral projections or median lobes in the prozona, particularly in genera associated with tree bark). Members of this subtribe are micropterous or subapterous, with ovoid or lanceolate, narrow tegmina, generally featuring conspicuous venation useful for distinguishing genera and species (differing from Oulenotacrina and Vilernina, where most taxa are macropterous or brachypterous and lack conspicuous markings on the tegmina). Their coloration is bright, with uniform shades ranging from gray to yellow and green (in contrast, Oulenotacrina and Vilernina exhibit cryptic coloration and sometimes camouflage among leaf litter or bryophytes).</p><p>This group was comprehensively reviewed by Carbonell &amp; Descamps (1978), who described most of the genera and species currently included. The subtribe remained largely unstudied for a long time, with only recent additions and modifications. The generic name Albrechtia Carbonell &amp; Descamps, 1978, was replaced by Peruana Koçak &amp; Kemal, 2008, as it was a homonym of a previously described mollusk (Koçak &amp; Kemal 2008). Later, Costa et al. (2014) described Muriciacris Costa, 2014, a monotypic genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, including chromosomal data. Subsequently, Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda (2015) reassigned Dicaearchus cribellatus Stål, 1878, from Melanoplinae to Ommatolampidinae after studying additional specimens. Since the species was previously known only from a female, examining male specimens clarified its taxonomic placement.</p><p>Following these recent additions and changes within the subtribe, it is necessary to update the key to identify its genera.</p><p>Key to the genera of Ommatolampina</p><p>(Adapted from Carbonell &amp; Descamps 1978, Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Cardona-Granda, 2015)</p><p>1. Last segment of maxillar palpi not compressed, and is of a single color........................................... 2</p><p>- Last segment of maxillar palpi compressed, typically elongated, and always lighter than the rest....................... 4</p><p>2. Micropterous, tegmina more than six times as long as they are wide, longer than the pronotum, non-areolate, and light in color. Lower carina of hind femora smooth; metazona with similar level with prozona......................... Leptopteracris</p><p>- Subapterous grasshoppers, vestigial tegmina go no longer than the hind margin of the pronotum. Lower carina of hind femora rugose; metazona lower than the prozona.................................................................. 3</p><p>3. Pronotum with a cross-keel quite noticeable, very echinulated, between sulci 3-4; metanotum and first abdominal tergite with a mid-posterior protuberance; supra-anal plate in males with numerous small black granulations............... Kyphiacris</p><p>- Pronotum with a less noticeable, less rugose crosskeel; metanotum and first abdominal tergite with no mid-posterior protuberance; supra-anal plate in males with a few prominent protuberances............................ Ronderosacris</p><p>4. Subapterous or micropterous insects with very long tegmina, at least three times as long as wide and even more.......... 5</p><p>- Micropterous insects with big, subovoid tegmina........................................................... 13</p><p>5. Micropterous insects with very long tegmina............................................................... 6</p><p>- Subapterous insects, vestigial tegmina do not go longer than the hind margin of metanotum......................... 12</p><p>6. Tegmina more than six times longer than wide, as long or longer than the pronotum, weakly areolate, and lighter in color than total body color....................................................................................... 7</p><p>- Tegmina is three to six times longer than wide, mostly shorter than the pronotum, clearly areolate, of the same color as the total body color........................................................................................... 8</p><p>7. Reddish or bright, metallic green body with multiple pores. Tegmina cover the tympanum and base of the second abdominal tergite; lanceolate, whitish tegmina, as long as the pronotum, slightly expanded in the distal portion. Thorax and first abdominal tergites are not dorsally dilated.................................................................. Dicaearchus</p><p>- Mostly brownish, body not porose. Tegmina cover the base of tympanum and base of first abdominal tergite; lanceolate tegmina, as long as the pronotum, of the same width over their entire length. Thorax and first abdominal tergites dorsally dilated............................................................................................. Tingomariacris</p><p>8. Tegmina with black cells; last segment of maxillary palpi compressed but not elongated; fastigium of vertex in males sometimes pale but not white or bright yellow........................................................................ 9</p><p>- Tegmina with black or non-colored cells; last segment of maxillary palpi compressed and elongated; fastigium of vertex in males white or bright yellow........................................................................... 10</p><p>9. Pronotal disc with a lateral widening between sulci 3-4; male cerci subtriangular compressed, internal apophysis not very compressed................................................................................. Episomacris</p><p>- Pronotal disc with no lateral widening between sulci 3-4; male cerci conical not compressed, internal apophysis narrow and poorly developed............................................................................ Muriciacris</p><p>10. Tegmina noticeably narrowed, with a uniform coloration across the entire surface. Metanotum and first abdominal tergite without protuberances. Last abdominal segment without extensions or conspicuous modifications. Cerci moderately widened, subtriangular, and generally with an internal apophysis...................................................... 11</p><p>- Tegmina lanceolate, moderately narrowed, bicolored, with one-half black and the other whitish. Metanotum and first abdominal tergite with a mid-posterior protuberance. Last abdominal segment is noticeably modified into a concave extension that projects upward, with a denticulated posterior edge. Cerci slender and hook-shaped, without an internal apophysis................................................................................................. Estefaniacris gen. nov.</p><p>11. Pronotal disc in males with two clear plates is well-delimited; mid part of last abdominal tergite in males without protuberance below the supra-anal plate. Supra-anal plate in males with no subapical widenings; internal apophysisoif cerci in males little compressed, of narrow tip; tegmina with black cells or black tip..................................... Stenelutracris</p><p>- Pronotal disc in males without well-delimited plates; mid part of last abdominal tergite in males with a protuberance below the supra-anal plate. Supra-anal plate in males with subapical widenings; internal apophysis of cerci in males laterally compressed, long tip; tegmina with no colored cells nor black tip.................................................... Peruana</p><p>12. Face profile mostly rectilinear; lower-inner carina of hind femora strongly rugose; abdominal tympani very close of hind margin of first tergite; fastigium of vertex of sub-rectilinear margins.................................. Eucosmecacris</p><p>- Face profile mostly curved; lower-inner carina of hind femora smooth; abdominal tympani not close of hind margin of first tergite; fastigium of vertex of outwardly curved margins........................................... Nepiopteracris</p><p>13. Tegmina with a big black spot and wavy hind margin; fastigium of vertex in females can be white or showy colored...... 14</p><p>- Ovoid tegmina, with no big black spots; fastigium of vertex in females white or showy colored...................... 15</p><p>14. Hind margin of last tergite and supra-anal plate with numerous small black granules in males; internal apophyse of cerci in males strongly compressed and forming a sulcus with the cerci; fastigium of vertex rugose, never white or yellowish-white.............................................................................................. Lamiacris</p><p>- Hind margin of last tergite in males with few protuberances; supra-anal plate in males with two rows of strong black protuberances; internal apophysis of cerci narrow; fastigium of vertex smooth, yellowish white............. Ommatolampis</p><p>15. Tegmina with dense black punctation in both sexes; face almost smooth, very light in color, white or yellow; lateral lobes of pronotum with no lower whitish strip........................................................... Eulampiacris</p><p>- Tegmina in males with a hind margin not very curved outwards, with a row of black cells in a semicircle; tegmina in females with a big black cell towards the middle, circled in the lower parts by an arch of smaller-sized cells; face rugose; lateral lobes of pronotum with a lower light strip in males...................................................... Hippariacris</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE4676FFF9814756A9F8BD0DB44176	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Cardona-Granda, Juan Manuel	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Cardona-Granda, Juan Manuel (2025): Studies on Neotropical grasshoppers: Estefaniacris gen. nov. (Orthoptera: Acrididae), a new Andean genus. Zootaxa 5661 (2): 261-273, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.2.7
03CE4676FFFB814056A9FAD50A2D40BB.text	03CE4676FFFB814056A9FAD50A2D40BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estefaniacris Cadena-Castañeda & Cardona-Granda 2025	<div><p>Estefaniacris gen. nov.</p><p>Type species. Estefaniacris huilensis sp. nov. by original monotypy and designation.</p><p>Etymology. Dedicated to Estefania Villanueva Rojas, Forestry Engineer, collaborating with the Flora of the Orinoquia and Juan Manuel Cardona-Granda’s wife.</p><p>Description. Slender insects, slightly coarse body surface, mainly on head and thorax (Fig. 1). Head rounded in frontal view, eyes conspicuous and rounded (Fig. 2A); frons slightly convex, fastigium rounded distally truncate and not surpassing the antennal pedicel (Fig. 2B). Thorax. Pronotum without modifications, with two medial sulcus (Figs. 2B, C), lateral lobes rectangular, slightly wider than high (Fig. 2B). Metanotum and first abdominal tergite with a mid-posterior protuberance (Fig. 2B). Wings. Micropterous, tegmina lanceolate, five times longer than wide, moderately narrowed, and bicolored without conspicuous black spots (Fig. 2D). Legs. Femora without spines or modifications; fore and mid tibiae with small black spinules, on the two ventral margins at the distal third section. Hind tarsomeres slender and elongated, covered by long and abundant bristles (Fig. 2E). Abdomen unmodified. Last abdominal segment is noticeably modified into a concave extension that projects upward, with a denticulated posterior edge (Fig. 2F–H). Cerci slender and hook-shaped (Fig. 2F), without an internal apophysis (Figs. 2G, H). Supra-anal plate subtriangular with the side margins embroidered (Fig. 2G). Subgenital plate cupuliform and moderately inflated (Fig. 2F). Phallic complex. Joined by membranes that envelop the endophallus and ectophallus, the epiphallus plate is positioned above them (Fig. 3). Epiphallus with a well-developed lophus (Lo) (Fig. 4A), ancora (Anc) very reduced, oval sclerites (Ov scl) undeveloped (Fig. 4B). Ectophallus (ect) with ventro-lateral sclerite present, surrounded at side the valves of endophallus (Val end) and sheat of endophallus (Sh end) (Figs. 3A–C). Zygoma (Zy) wide and subquadrangular in dorsal view (Fig. 4C). Endophallic plates (End pl) wide, shoulder blade-shaped, and with moderately sclerotized edges (Fig. 4E).</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Colombian Andes.</p><p>Comparison. Estefaniacris gen. nov. resembles the genera Stenelutracris Carbonell &amp; Descamps, 1978, Peruana Koçak &amp; Kemal, 2008, and Kyphiacris Carbonell &amp; Descamps, 1978 .</p><p>The new genus is similar to Kyphiacris for a body covered with abundant hairs, predominantly black, with a whitish stripe extending from one side of the head to the other.Additionally, it shares the presence of a mid-posterior protuberance on the metanotum and the first abdominal tergite. However, the two genera can be distinguished by the pronotum: in Kyphiacris, elevations or projections are present between the third and fourth sulci, whereas this does not occur in Estefaniacris gen. nov. Furthermore, in Kyphiacris, the last segment of the maxillary palpi is not compressed, and the wings are undeveloped, rendering the species subapterous. In contrast, the new genus have tegmina, making it brachypterous. Additionally, the morphology of the cerci differs: in Kyphiacris, they are moderately compressed and bear an internal apophysis, whereas in Estefaniacris gen. nov., the cerci are hook-shaped and lack an internal apophysis.</p><p>Estefaniacris gen. nov. differs from Stenelutracris and Peruana in several aspects. The tegmina are narrower and monochromatic in these two genera, and there are no dorsal protuberances on the metanotum or the first abdominal segment. In contrast, the new genus exhibits such protuberances, and its tegmina are bicolored, with one-half black and the other whitish. Although Stenelutracris species have a black background, their venation is yellowish. The cerci of Stenelutracris and Peruana are moderately widened, subtriangular, and generally bear an internal apophysis, differing from the characteristic structure of the cerci in the new genus.</p><p>The new genus can be distinguished from all other genera in the subtribe by its last abdominal segment, which is noticeably modified into a concave extension that projects upward, with a denticulated posterior edge. Additionally, its cerci are slender and hook-shaped, lacking an internal apophysis, a shape not observed in any other known genus. Moreover, the wing venation is reticulate, with the background matching the color of the veins, unlike genera such as Lamiacris Carbonell &amp; Descamps, 1978, Ommatolampis Burmeister, 1838, Eulampiacris Carbonell &amp; Descamps, 1978, and Hippariacris Carbonell &amp; Descamps, 1978, which have ovoid tegmina with venation arranged to form usually conspicuous black spots.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE4676FFFB814056A9FAD50A2D40BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Cardona-Granda, Juan Manuel	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Cardona-Granda, Juan Manuel (2025): Studies on Neotropical grasshoppers: Estefaniacris gen. nov. (Orthoptera: Acrididae), a new Andean genus. Zootaxa 5661 (2): 261-273, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.2.7
03CE4676FFFC814E56A9FA990D4E46B3.text	03CE4676FFFC814E56A9FA990D4E46B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estefaniacris huilensis Cadena-Castañeda & Cardona-Granda 2025	<div><p>Estefaniacris huilensis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1–5)</p><p>Etymology. It refers to the Huila department where the type series was collected.</p><p>Type material. Holotype. Male. COLOMBIA, Huila, Acevedo, Parque Nacional Natural Cueva de los <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.10495&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.615648" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.10495/lat 1.615648)">Guácharos</a>, 1.615648N, 76.104948W, 1880 m., 11 april 2017, J. M. Cardona-Granda leg. (CAUD) . Paratype. Same data as holotype .</p><p>Description. Slender body, moderately rugose, covered with long bristles (Fig. 1). Head. Fastigium rounded, moderately projecting between the eyes, with well-defined and parallel borders in frontal view (Fig. 2A). Eyes round, covering most of the upper section of the cephalic capsule, with a small dorsal gap where they nearly touch (Figs. 2A, C). Antennae extending beyond half the body length, composed of 21 segments, including the scape and pedicel (Fig. 1). Clypeus rectangular, wider than long; labrum rounded (Fig. 2A); last segment of the maxillary palps rounded, moderately dilated, and compressed dorsoventrally, while the remaining segments are subquadrangular and of similar length. Thorax. Pronotum unmodified, with two main sulci near the midsection of its length (Fig. 2B); anterior margin of the pronotal disc undulated and moderately projecting forward; posterior margin concave; metazona with numerous pores, more abundant in this region than in the rest of the pronotum (Fig. 2C). Lateral lobes of the pronotum with the anterior margin nearly straight; posterior margin slightly curved inward; ventral margin curving downward from the anterior corner near the midpoint, then smoothly curving upward toward the posterior corner (Fig. 2B). Wings. Tegmina lanceolate, moderately narrowed, reaching the base of the second abdominal segment and covering a significant portion of the tympanum; bicolored, with one-half black and the other whitish; venation reticulated and of similar coloration to the background (Fig. 2D). Legs. Fore and midfemora moderately robust; fore and mid-tibiae with 4–5 spines on both sides of the ventral surface. Hind femora with conspicuous chevrons; hind tibia dorsally with eight outer and seven inner spines; apex with three inner and two outer spurs. Hind tarsomeres thin and elongated, together nearly half the length of the hind tibia (Fig. 2E). Abdomen. Last abdominal segment with a concave extension that projects upward (Fig. 2F), featuring a denticulated posterior edge (Figs. 2G, H); mid-section of the posterior margin with two digitiform projections of similar length and a small extension on each side of the ascending edge (Fig. 2F). Supra-anal plate with lateral margins elevated (Fig. 2F), apex angled and curving downward (Fig. 2H); dorsal surface with seven black callosities arranged as follows: two conical projections near the proximal margin, with two small equidistant spots between them; further along, near the midpoint, two round spots, followed by a smaller spot positioned between them (Fig. 2G). Cerci hook-shaped, tapering toward the apex, curving upward (Fig. 2F) and inward (Fig. 2G); apex moderately rounded, depressed, and with the distal edge outlined in black (Fig. 2H). Subgenital plate with a straight dorsal margin, an angled apex, and a moderately pointed tip (Fig. 2F). Phallic complex. The epiphallus is partially membranous and partially sclerotized (epi), with a membranous epiphallic rim and a subtriangular extension in the middle (Fig. 4A). Ancora (Anc) is tubercular and underdeveloped (Fig. 4B). Lophus (Lo) is hook-shaped, well-sclerotized, and has a pointed apex (Figs. 4A, B). The posterior margin of the bridge (Brg) is moderately thickened and elevated in the middle of the lophi, but does not exceed their length (Fig. 4B). Lateral plate (Lat Pl) lacks modifications or projections (Fig. 4A). Oval sclerites (Ov scl) are unsclerotized, replaced by a membranous fold (Figs. 4A, B). The ectophallus (ect) well-developed and well-sclerotized. Arc of the aedeagus (Arc) is nearly straight and narrow (Fig. 4C). Zygoma (Zy) is subrectangular (Fig. 4C). Apodeme of the cingulum (Ap cin) consists of two thin, almost straight projections in dorsal view (Fig. 4C), curving upward in lateral view (Fig. 4D). Rami (Rm) are digitiform and surrounded by a membranous fold (Fig. 4D). The endophallus (end) is complete and mostly sclerotized. Valves of the endophallus (Val end) are submembranous, covered with multiple microstructures throughout their surface, ovoid in dorsal view (Fig. 4C), and subquadrangular in lateral view (Fig. 4D). Sheath of the endophallus (Sh end) is rounded, and sac-like, located ventro-apically (Fig. 4D), invaginated in the middle, and covered with numerous microstructures (Fig. 4E). Apical valves (Aval) are black, falciform, and convergent, connected with an articulation to the basal valves (Bval) (Fig. 4D), which progressively curve upward, leading to the endophallic plates (End pl) (Fig. 4E). The ejaculatory sac (EjS) is membranous, covering the connection to the Bval, which appear fin-like in lateral view (Fig. 4D) and V-shaped in ventral view (Fig. 4E). It then connects to the ejaculatory duct (EjD), which is membranous and tubular (Figs. 4C–E). Coloration in life (Fig. 5). Antennae reddish-brown. Head, thorax, and abdomen predominantly black, except for the following: eyes deep navy blue with black ovoid spots; a white stripe crosses the face, extending along the lower half of the lateral lobes of the pronotum and reaching the upper margin of the mid-leg coxa. The posterior margin of the metazone features a triangular whitish stripe on each side in dorsal view. Tegmina bicolored: the upper half, when at rest, is whitish, while the lower half is black, matching most of the body. Tympanic membrane white, with its borders subtly outlined in dark brown. Legs olive green, with knees or genicular area light red. Cerci and subgenital plate reddish-green.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Measurements (in mm.). Tl: 12–14, Pr: 3.0–3.5, Teg: 2.0–2.5, Hf: 9.0–10.0, Ht: 8.0–8.5.</p><p>Comments. Determined as “unknown grasshopper species” in Cardona-Granda, 2020. The specimens lose almost all their coloration when preserved in alcohol. The two males do not show any conspicuous variations.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE4676FFFC814E56A9FA990D4E46B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.;Cardona-Granda, Juan Manuel	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Cardona-Granda, Juan Manuel (2025): Studies on Neotropical grasshoppers: Estefaniacris gen. nov. (Orthoptera: Acrididae), a new Andean genus. Zootaxa 5661 (2): 261-273, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.2.7
