taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CDAD727842FF85FF329178A18E0543.taxon	discussion	The following key distinguishes Mimosa longepedunculata from other treelet species with glandular indumentum and M. tocantina from other procumbent shrubby species belonging to M. ser. Pachycarpae and occurring at Chapada dos Veadeiros. It is largely based on the key for M. sect. Habbasia ser. Pachycarpae by Barneby (1991), also available at the New York Botanical Gardens’s Barneby Legume Catalogue (http: // sweetgum. nybg. org / legumes / barneby / mimosa _ keys. php).	en	Borges, Leonardo Maurici, Pirani, José Rubens (2014): When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 181 (5): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2
03CDAD727842FF83FF329568A6B003C6.taxon	materials_examined	Lectoype (designated by Borges & Pirani 2014): — BRAZIL. Goiás: Habitat in valle fluvii Passa Tempo in ditione Maranhao superioris, September 1892, fl., fr., E. Ule 2830 (HBG! [also annotated as “ 7 ”; “ im Thale des Passa Tempo ”]; isolectotypes: P! [only annotated as “ 7 ”; “ Serra dos Viadeiros; no Valle do Passa Tempo ”], R! [two sheets annotated only as “ 7 ”; one indicated as “ im Thale des Passa Tempo obere Paranangebiet ”, the other: “ Serra dos Viadeiros; no Valle do Passa Tempo ”]).	en	Borges, Leonardo Maurici, Pirani, José Rubens (2014): When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 181 (5): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2
03CDAD727842FF83FF329568A6B003C6.taxon	description	Figs. 1 – 6; 10. Treelets to 3 m, leaves congested, forming a lax rosette at tip of dichotomous branches with irregularly exfoliating peridermis. Indumentum composed of simple trichomes, filiform and abundant glandular capitate setae that make the plant viscous; all ochraceous and patent, but the trichomes lighter than the setae and the filiform setae somewhat sinuous. Branches, stipules, leaf axes and peduncles hirsute; leaflets ciliate, all with the triple indumentum; trichomes 0.2 – 0.3 mm long, filiform setae 1 – 5 mm long, glandular setae 0.3 – 1.2 mm long, only the shorter and more delicate setae present on leaflets, pulvinolules with a higher concentration of indumentum. Leaves 14 – 19 - jugate; stipules 9 – 15 mm × 2.5 – 4 mm, narrowly triangular, slightly acuminate, caducous or persistent even in the trunks; petioles 33 – 75 mm long, 1.5 – 2 mm diam., grooved or not on adaxial surface, the dilated pulvinus 2 – 3 mm long; rachis 16.7 – 25.2 cm long, 1 – 1.6 (– 2.5) mm diam., grooved on adaxial surface and randomly bearing a spiculate projection ca. 0.5 mm long between pinnae pairs, terminal projection 4 – 5 mm long, linear; basal rachillas 22 – 48 mm long, medial rachillas 53 – 105 mm long, distal rachillas 60 – 98 mm long, all 0.3 – 0.5 mm diam., 10 – 25 mm apart, the distance decreasing toward the apex of the rachis; leaflets 4 – 7 × 1 – 1.7 mm, 21 – 27 pairs on basal rachillas, 35 – 41 pairs on medial rachillas, 35 – 38 pairs on distal rachillas, 0.7 – 2 mm apart, narrowly-oblong, straight to falcate, apex acute, base oblique, subcordate, rounded acroscopically, rounded-truncate basioscopically, veins 4 – 6 - palmate, primary and secondary ones prominent on abaxial surface, but sometimes on both faces, secondary veins sometimes as prominent as the primary ones, paraphyllidia absent. Glomerules 13 – 22 × 15 – 20 mm, spherical, 2 - axillar to an almost fully developed leaf, hence somewhat included in the foliage, but visible trough the not densely congested leaves; peduncles 20.5 – 23 cm long, 1.2 – 2 mm diam., enlarging (probably also extending further) with development of fruits; floral bracts (3.7 –) 5 – 7 × 1 – 1.5 mm, narrowly acute-spatulate to fusiform, tomentose with filiform setae 1.2 – 2 mm long, and glandular setae 0.3 – 0.7 mm long; flowers 4 - merous, diplostemonous; pedicel 0.1 – 0.2 mm long; calyx 0.3 – 0.9 mm long, shallowly cupulate, with 4 lobes 0.2 – 0.4 × 0.5 – 0.8 mm, triangular, sometimes irregular or absent, rim ciliate with thick and plane (rarely terete) setae 1.1 – 3.5 mm long, and less frequently also with glandular setae ca. 1.5 mm long, tube glabrous; corolla 6.5 – 8.3 mm long, narrowly infundibuliform or tubular, lobes 1.1 – 2 × 0.9 – 1.3 mm, ovate, mucronate, 1 - nerved (vein apex sometimes branching), tomentose and completely concealed by filiform setae ca. 0.4 – 0.5 mm long, tube glabrous; filaments ca. 20 – 23 mm long, glabrous, fused 0.8 – 2.5 mm at base, white; anthers ca. 0.6 mm long, glabrous; ovary 0.3 – 1.7 × 0.5 – 0.7 mm, narrowly oblong, laterally compressed, tomentose with filiform setae ca. 0.8 mm long, stipe 0.8 – 1 mm long, glabrous; style ca. 25 mm long, glabrous; stigma porate, glabrous. Fruit a sessile unjointed craspedium 26 – 42 × 9 – 18 mm, narrowly-oblong to oblong, coriaceous, castaneous, apex acute to rounded, aristate, base cuneate, strigose with filiform setae with bulbous base 1 – 2.5 mm long, the long ones surrounded by small ones in a concentric pattern that does not completely conceals the surface, glandular setae 0.3 – 0.5 mm long present in margins, but usually not on valves, when present, generally concentrated near the margins; replum 0.8 – 3.2 mm wide; mm; seeds 3.9 – 5 × 3.3 – 3.5 mm, ovate to suborbicular, castaneous, pleurogram present.	en	Borges, Leonardo Maurici, Pirani, José Rubens (2014): When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 181 (5): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2
03CDAD727842FF83FF329568A6B003C6.taxon	materials_examined	Examined specimens: — BRAZIL. Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Estrada Alto Paraíso, Terezina, 10 October 1979 (fl, fr imm), E. P. Heringer 2435 (IBGE, K!, UB!, UEC); Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Estrada Alto Paraíso de Goiás – Nova Roma, à 3,2 km da saída de Alto Paraíso, 14 º 06 ’ 21.6 ” S, 47 º 29 ’ 18.6 ” W, 1110 m, 1 November 2012 (fl, fr), L. M. Borges et al. 915 (SPF!; duplicates to be distributed to HBG, K, P, NY, RB, UB); Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Estrada Alto Paraíso de Goiás – Nova Roma, ca. de 3 km da saída de Alto Paraíso, aprox. 14 º 06 ’ 21 ” S, 47 º 29 ’ 18 ” W, 1110 m, 16 February 2012 (fr), L. M. Borges et al. 989 (SPF!; duplicates to be distributed to K, NY).	en	Borges, Leonardo Maurici, Pirani, José Rubens (2014): When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 181 (5): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2
03CDAD727842FF83FF329568A6B003C6.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Mimosa longepedunculata is known to occur in the hills surrounding part of Passatempo Stream and São Bartolomeu River, at Chapada dos Veadeiros, where it inhabits an area of cerrado with sandy soil around 1100 m in elevation. Although the areas are near water bodies, it is unlikely that the species occurs in proper riverine environments. Taubert (1896) indicates the collection site as being at the surroundings of the upper Maranhão River, but the type held at R indicates the collection site as the Paranã River region (“ obere Paranangebiet ”).	en	Borges, Leonardo Maurici, Pirani, José Rubens (2014): When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 181 (5): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2
03CDAD727842FF83FF329568A6B003C6.taxon	biology_ecology	Flowering and fruiting: — The species was collected with flowers and fruits in September and November, and with fruits only in February.	en	Borges, Leonardo Maurici, Pirani, José Rubens (2014): When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 181 (5): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2
03CDAD727842FF83FF329568A6B003C6.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: — According to GeoCAT analysis results (EOO = 0 km 2; AOO = 4 km 2 [consequence of the cell size of 2 km 2 used; if the “ auto value ” option of the GeoCAT tool is used, the AOO value is zero), the species may be classified as Critically Endangered. However, since only four collections of the species are known, the data may be considered insufficient, resulting in the categorization of this species as Data Deficient (DD).	en	Borges, Leonardo Maurici, Pirani, José Rubens (2014): When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 181 (5): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2
03CDAD727842FF83FF329568A6B003C6.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The epithet makes reference to the long peduncles of the species, which are not exclusive to it, but very distinctive among other taxa within Mimosa ser. Pachycarpae.	en	Borges, Leonardo Maurici, Pirani, José Rubens (2014): When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 181 (5): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2
03CDAD727842FF83FF329568A6B003C6.taxon	discussion	Notes: — As stated above, the particular morphological features of Mimosa longepedunculata do not allow its inclusion in any particular groups defined by Barneby (1991) for M. ser. Pachycarpae. This may reflect a bias in the subjective choice of characters defining groups in Barneby’s classification. On the other hand, it may reflect the evolutionary history of M. ser. Pachycarpae. The existence of such a group with wide morphological variation, but also with closely similar species occurring sympatrically, poses a problem for the assumption of speciation processes based on reproductive isolation. It may be that M. ser. Pachycarpae is an example of how developmental recombination may play an important role in species diversification (see West-Eberhard 2005). Thus, the chimera-like morphological pattern seen in M. longepedunculata, coupled with the consequent impossibility to ascribe it to a proper group, may have its origins in phenotypic accommodation.	en	Borges, Leonardo Maurici, Pirani, José Rubens (2014): When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 181 (5): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2
03CDAD727844FF80FF329392A0E704BE.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated by Borges & Pirani 2014): — BRAZIL. Goiás: Habitat in ditione Tocantini superioris in montosis ad Vargem grande, September 1892, fl., E. Ule 2826 (HBG! [also annotated as “ 3 ”], isolectotype: P! [only annotated as “ 3 ”; “ nos morros da regiao do Tocantins superior, Pizarao ” = Ribeirão Pizarão, 14 º 10 ’ S, 47 º’ 35 ’ W (Barneby 1991)]).	en	Borges, Leonardo Maurici, Pirani, José Rubens (2014): When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 181 (5): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2
03CDAD727844FF80FF329392A0E704BE.taxon	description	Figs. 2; 7 – 10.	en	Borges, Leonardo Maurici, Pirani, José Rubens (2014): When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 181 (5): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2
03CDAD727844FF80FF329392A0E704BE.taxon	discussion	All specimens of Mimosa tocantina listed below where already described either by Barneby (1991: 407 – 408) as M. longepedunculata or by Simon et al. (2010: 279, 281 – 282), as M. pseudosetosa. Barneby’s description fits exclusively specimens of M. tocantina and may be complemented by the description and illustrations of Simon et al. (2010). These latter authors were unaware of M. longepedunculata sensu Barneby, and described it as new species based on flowering specimens mainly collected at the northern portion of Chapada dos Veadeiros. Hence, a full description is not presented here and only complementary information about the species is given below.	en	Borges, Leonardo Maurici, Pirani, José Rubens (2014): When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 181 (5): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2
03CDAD727844FF80FF329392A0E704BE.taxon	materials_examined	Examined specimens: — BRAZIL. Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 25 km N of Alto Paraíso, 1250 m, 23 March 1971 (fl, fr imm), H. S. Irwin et al. 33032 (K!, NY!, UB!); Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 25 km by road N of Alto Paraíso, 1700 m, 8 March 1973 (fl), W. R. Anderson et al. 6660 (NY!, UB!); Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 35 km north of Alto Paraíso de Goiás (formerly Veadeiros), 1000 m, 14 March 1969 (fl, fr imm), H. S. Irwin et al. 24308 (K!, NY! [2 sheets], UB!); Alto Paraíso de Goiás, 50 km ao norte de Alto Paraíso rumo à Teresina de Goiás, 13 º 50 ’ S, 47 º 15 ’ W, 1000 m, 7 January 2007 (fl), M. F. Simon 871 (FHO, UB!); Cavalcante, cerca de 30 km ao norte de Cavalcante, caminho entre Vila Engenho e cachoeira Santa Bárbara, 13 º 32 ’ 27 ” S, 47 º 29 ’ 17 ” W, 1050 m, 5 January 2007 (fl), M. F. Simon 864 (CEN!, FHO, HUEFS!, K!, UB); Cavalcante, Chapada dos Veadeiros, 15 - 40 km W and N of Alto Paraíso, 1250 – 1500 m, 20 March 1975 (fl), W. R. Anderson et al. 11478 (K!, NY!, UB!); Cavalcante, Chapada dos Veadeiros, ca. 40 km N of Alto Paraíso, 1250, 24 March 1971 (fl, fr imm), H. S. Irwin et al. 33123 (NY!, UB!); Cavalcante, estrada de chão entre Cavalcante e Araí, 13 º 35 ’ 59 ” S, 47 º 31 ’ 30 ” W, 1190 m, 13 April 2004 (fl), R. C. Mendonça et al. 5528 (BAB, IBGE!, UB!); Cavalcante, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Rodovia BR 010, Teresina de Goiás-Alto Paraíso de Goiás, ca. de 24 km de Teresina (também a 34 km S de Teresina de Goiás), margem esquerda da estrada, 13 º 53 ’ 04.6 ” S 47 º 20 ’ 54.1 ” W, 1234 m, 23 March 2012 (fr), L. M. Borges et al. 594 (SPF!). Teresina de Goiás, 24 km by road S of Teresina, ca. 1250 m, 16 March 1973 (fr), W. R. Anderson et al. 7190 (K!, NY!, UB!); [Teresina de Goiás], Chapada dos Veadeiros, 54 km depois de Alto Paraíso, 18 March 1976 (fr imm), J. Semir 757 (K! [2 sheets], NY!, UB!, UEC); Teresina de Goiás, Rodovia GO- 118, 5 – 8 km N de rio das Almas, 14 February 1990 (fl), G. Hatschbach 53971 (K!, MBM, NY!, UB!).	en	Borges, Leonardo Maurici, Pirani, José Rubens (2014): When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 181 (5): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2
03CDAD727844FF80FF329392A0E704BE.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Mimosa tocantina is endemic to Chapada dos Veadeiros, occurring in open formations, generally “ campos rupestres ” with rock outcrops, between 1000 and 1700 m in elevation. The species usually forms small aggregated populations with individuals surrounded by grasses. Soils are sandy or sandy and rocky, and may become waterlogged during the rainy season. Although wrong about the species identity, Simon et al. (2010), who studied specimens collected at Cavalcante and Terezina de Goiás municipalities, were correct in their prediction about its larger distribution area. When complemented by the collections studied by Barneby (1991), it extends farther to the south of Chapada dos Veadeiros, reaching Alto Paraíso de Goiás municipality (Fig. 10).	en	Borges, Leonardo Maurici, Pirani, José Rubens (2014): When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 181 (5): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2
03CDAD727844FF80FF329392A0E704BE.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: — EN. According to GeoCAT analysis results (EOO = 1043.90 km 2; AOO = 44 km 2), the species may be classified as Endangered.	en	Borges, Leonardo Maurici, Pirani, José Rubens (2014): When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 181 (5): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2
03CDAD727844FF80FF329392A0E704BE.taxon	biology_ecology	Flowering and fruiting: — Flowering specimens of Mimosa tocantina have been collected in September, October and from January through March. Specimens with mature and immature fruiting were collected only in March. It is probable that the individuals may still bear fruits until June and July, at least, but the lack of the showy pink flowers when the fruits are mature may make it difficult to visualize this procumbent shrub among the grasses and, thus, its collection.	en	Borges, Leonardo Maurici, Pirani, José Rubens (2014): When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 181 (5): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2
03CDAD727844FF80FF329392A0E704BE.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The species was named after the region where it was collected by Ule, specifically, the headwaters of the Tocantins River, particularly near the Tocantinzinho River area. Amusingly, many new species from different genera published in Taubert (1896) were given just the same name.	en	Borges, Leonardo Maurici, Pirani, José Rubens (2014): When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 181 (5): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2
03CDAD727844FF80FF329392A0E704BE.taxon	discussion	Notes: — The overall habit of Mimosa tocantina recalls that of M. albolanata, which does not occur at Chapada dos Veadeiros, but is common in other areas of Goiás and Minas Gerais states, as well as the Distrito Federal (Barneby 1991). However, M. tocantina, besides its long peduncles, is distinguished by the presence of orange-reddish setae concentrated at the tips of shoots and in leaves under development (not present in M. longepedunculata). M. irwinii, M. speciosissima and M. splendida, all occurring at Chapada dos Veadeiros, also have the same kind of orange-reddish indumentum, but in them it is distributed all over the plants and not restricted to particular areas.	en	Borges, Leonardo Maurici, Pirani, José Rubens (2014): When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Phytotaxa 181 (5): 261-278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.2
