identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03CA0337FFACFFADFF73FD72FA41F988.text	03CA0337FFACFFADFF73FD72FA41F988.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orphe Godman 1901	<div><p>Orphe Godman, 1901</p><p>(Figs 1–7)</p><p>Orphe Godman, 1901, in Godman &amp; Salvin. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lep.-Rhop. 2, p. 619; type species:  Hesperia gerasa Hewitson. - Godman, 1901, in Godman &amp; Salvin. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lep.-Rhop. 2, p. 619.-Mabille, 1904, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 121, 128.-Draudt, 1923, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 991.-Lindsey, 1925. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 18: 95.-Hayward, 1934. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 6: 101.- Williams &amp; Hayward, 1944. Acta zool. Lill. 2: 222.-Bell, 1946. Bol. Ent. venezol. 5: 180.- Hayward, 1947. Acta zool. Lill. 4: 366.- Evans, 1955. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 4, p. 208, 246.-Hemming, 1967. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent., Suppl. 9: 325.-Lamas, 1969. Biota 7: 338.-Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 43.- Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 2, p. 24.-Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 2, p. 39; App. 2, p. 3.-Bridges, 1988. Cat. Fam.-Group &amp; Gen.-Group Nam., 2 nd ed., 4, p. 93; 5, p. 3.-Bridges, 1994. Cat. Fam.-Group, Gen.-Group, Sp.-Group Nam., Hesp. (Lep.) World 4, p. 22; 5, p. 3; 6, p. 7; 9, p. 44.-O. Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 9, 74, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.-O. Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 5, p. 1126.-Warren, Ogawa &amp; A. Brower, 2008. Cladistics 24: 669.-Warren, Ogawa &amp; A. Brower, 2009. Syst. Ent. 34: 498, 516.- Li et al., 2019. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sc. 116 (13): 6232-6237, S1 App., p. 3, 8.-Toussaint &amp; Warren 2019. Jour. Nat. Hist. 53: 35-36, p. 2175; eye, ethol.- Zhang et al., 2022. Insecta Mundi 921: 98.</p><p>Orfhe [sic]; O. Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 5, p. 1126.</p><p>Orphe sp. Piñas, 2006. Marip. Ecuador 9. Fam.  Hesperiidae . Quito, Comp. Jesus, 9, p. 15, 76, figs 936, 937 (male d, v), 938, 939 (male d, v), 940, 941 (male d, v).</p><p>Type species</p><p>Hesperia gerasa Hewitson, 1867, designated by Godman (1901).</p><p>Species included</p><p>Orphe gerasa (Hewitson, 1867),  Orphe vatinius Godman, 1901 .</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Not informed by the author.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This genus is distinguished from the other Pericharini genera by the following characters: male DFW with a continuous stigma between CuA 1 and 2A, characterized by a row of scales along its external edge or several wavy-looking rows of scales (Figs 3A, B), a unique feature among Pericharini genera. Male HW with the origin of Rs curved towards the costal margin (Fig. 3C). Male genitalia (Figs 4, 5) with tegumen slightly projected over uncus; valva, harpe with bifid or trifid dorso-distal projections and spines; aedeagus, cornuti present, more conspicuous in  O. vatinius . Female genitalia (Fig. 6) with the lamella antevaginalis formed by two lateral plates directing towards the lamella postvaginalis, and with a broad median projection in direction to lamella postvaginalis.</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Head: antenna dorsally and ventrally brown, base of club yellow; nudum, 15–16 segments. Eyelash present, brown and short. Eye red (Glassberg 2017).</p><p>Thorax: mesotibia and metatibia not spined. Male DFW brown, with six or seven white hyaline spots in the discal cell, R 3 – R 4, R 4 – R 5, R 5 –M 1, M 2 –M 3, M 3 –CuA 1, and CuA1–CuA2; continuous stigma between CuA 1 and 2A, characterized by a row of scales on its external edge or several wavy-looking rows of scales (Figs 3A, B), a unique feature among Pericharini genera. Female DFW brown with one more hyaline spot above 2A. DHW brown in both sexes. FW with recurring vein; dcs present; distance between the origins of CuA 1 and CuA 2 wider than the origins between M 3 and CuA 1. Male HW with Rs curved towards costal margin (Fig. 3C).</p><p>Abdomen: male genitalia (Figs 4, 5) with tegumen wider than longer, projecting over uncus; ventral projection of tegumen in relation to valva, straight or oblique. Tegumen + uncus shorter than length of the valva. Uncus shorter than tegumen. Gnathos with dark punctuations or a few spines distally. Valva, harpe with bifid or trifid dorso-distal projections and spines; ampulla directed towards the dorsal or the distal portions; sacculus without setae. Fultura inferior with two antero-lateral projections. Aedeagus as long as the length of saccus + valva as in  O. vatinius, or shorter as in  O. gerasa; cornuti present, more conspicuous in  O. vatinius . Female genitalia (Fig. 6) with lamella antevaginalis formed by two lateral plates directed towards the lamella postvaginalis with broad median projection directed towards the lamella postvaginalis. Lamella postvaginalis as a transversal line. Papilla analis rectangular, totally sclerotized in  O. gerasa or with the posterior portion sclerotized in  O. vatinius . Ductus bursae striated and longer than the corpus bursae.</p><p>Key to species of  Orphe</p><p>1 Wings, in male and female, ventrally covered with lilac scales in apical and submarginal areas (Fig. 1). Male stigma with a single row of grey scales along its edge (Fig. 3A)..................................................  Orphe gerasa</p><p>- Male wings ventrally covered with ferruginous scales (Fig. 2A–B); stigma with several wavy-looking rows of scales (Fig. 3B). Female VHW usually with grey scales in central and submarginal areas (Fig. 2D), sometimes yellowish (Fig. 2F)..................................................................................................  Orphe vatinius</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA0337FFACFFADFF73FD72FA41F988	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Suênia-Bastos, Ayane;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Suênia-Bastos, Ayane, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Taxonomic revision of Orphe Godman, 1901 (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae: Pericharini: Orphina). Zootaxa 5604 (2): 131-144, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.2.3
03CA0337FFA8FFA0FF73F9E9FCC8F87D.text	03CA0337FFA8FFA0FF73F9E9FCC8F87D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orphe gerasa (Hewitson 1867)	<div><p>Orphe gerasa (Hewitson, 1867)</p><p>(Figs 1, 3A, C, 4, 6A, B, 7)</p><p>Hesperia gerasa Hewitson, 1867 . Illustr. Exot. Butt. 4, p. [106], pl. [56] ( Hesperia 1), figs 6, 7 (d, v); Montes Aureos, Maranhão, [Brazil]; collection Belt.-Kirby, 1879. Cat. Coll. Diurn. Lep. Hewitson, p. 218.-Plötz, 1882. Stett. ent. Ztg. 43: 332.</p><p>Goniloba gerasa; Herrich-Schäffer, 1869. Corr.-Blatt zool.-min. Ver. Regensburg 23: 196.</p><p>Pamphila gerasa; Kirby, 1871. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., p. 597.</p><p>Proteides gerasa; Mabille, 1878. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 21: 36.</p><p>Proteides porius Mabille, 1883 . Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 27, C. R., p. 59; South America.</p><p>Proteides subcordatus Mabille, 1889 . Le Nat. (2)3 (51): 99, fig. 3 (d, v); male, female, Chiriqui, [Panama]; collection Staudinger</p><p>Proteides milo Mabille, 1891 . Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 35, C. R., p. 87; nom. nov. pro  Proteides subcordatus Mabille, 1889, praeocc. (Herrich-Schäffer).</p><p>Orphe gerasa; Godman, 1901, in Godman &amp; Salvin. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lep. 2, p. 620; syn.: sucordatus,  milo .-Mabille, 1904, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 168; syn.:  subcordatus,  milo .-Draudt, 1923, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 991, pl. 191a (d, v); syn.:  subcordatus,  milo .-Lindsey, 1925. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 18: 95.- Hayward, 1947. Acta zool. Lill. 4: 366; syn.:  subcordatus,  milo .- Moss, 1949. Acta zool. Lill. 7: 76; hostplant.- Evans, 1955. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 4, p. 247, pl. 70 (male gen.); syn.:  porius,  subcordatus,  milo .-Hughes, 1959. Entomol. 92: 87.-Silva et al., 1968. Quarto Cat. Ins. viv. Plantas Brasil 2 (1), p. 306; hostplant.-Ebert, 1968, in Silva et al. Quarto Cat. Ins. viv. Plantas Brasil 2 (2), p. 234.-O. Mielke, 1973. Acta biol. paranaense 2: 36.-Steinhauser, 1975. Bull. Allyn Mus. 29: 34.-de Jong, 1983. Tijd. Ent. 126: 246.- Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 48, 76, 96, 113; 2, p. 24; syn.:  milo,  porius,  subcordatus .-K. Brown, 1987. An. Prim. Simp. Pantanal, Brasília, p. 168.-Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 76, 120, 152, 179; 2, p. 39; syn.:  milo,  porius subcordatus .- Lamas, 1994, in Foster et al. RAP Working Papers 6: 176.-Bridges, 1994. Cat. Fam.-Group, Gen.-Group, Sp.-Group Nam. Hesp. (Lep.) World 7, p. 2; 8, p. 90, 144, 182, 215; 9, p. 44; syn.:  porius,  subcordatus,  milo .-Robbins et al., 1996, in Wilson &amp; Sandoval. Manu, p. 250.-Moreno, Silva &amp; Estévez, 1998. Marip. Ecuador, p. 160.-Maes et al., 1999, in Maes. Cat. Ins. Art. Nicaragua 3, p. 1279; syn.:  porius,  subcordatus,  milo .-O. Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 74, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.:  porius,  subcordatus,  milo .-Garwood et al., 2007. Butt. South. Amaz., p. 233, fig. (v).- Anderson, 2007. Bull. Allyn Mus. 146: 13.-Beccaloni et al., 2008. Monografías Tercer Milenio 8: 42; hostplant.-Garwood et al., 2009. Butt. South. Amaz., 2 nd ed., p. 321, fig. (v).- Francini et al., 2011. Revta bras. Ent. 55 (1): 67.-Silva, [2011]. Ecol. Mariposas Ecuador, p. 201.-Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 176, figs (male, female v).-Freitas et al., 2016, in Rolim, Menezes &amp; Srbek-Araújo. Floresta Atl. de Tabuleiro, p. 323.-Queiroz-Santos et al., 2016. ZooKeys 595, Suppl. Mat.-Palo Jr., 2017. Borb. Brasil 3, p. 2319.- Glassberg, 2017. Swift Guide Butt. Mexico and C. America, 2 nd ed., p. 258, fig. (v); hostplant.-Sambhu &amp; Nankishore, 2018. Zootaxa 4371 (1): 29.- Cong et al., 2019. Insecta Mundi 731: 51, figs 13 (genomic tree).- Zhang et al., 2022. Insecta Mundi 921: 95, 127, fig. 17 (genomic tree).-Mota et al., 2022. Biota Neotrop. 22 (3): e20221367, p. 19.-Gallardo &amp; Diaz, 2022. Guide Butt. Honduras, p. 334.-Kawahara et al., 2023. Nat. Ecol. &amp; Evol. 7: 903-913, Fig. S1 (time calibrated tree), Table S1 (specimen inf.).-Zhang et al., 2023. Zootaxa 5319 (4): 579, fig. (Z chromosome tree, mitochondrial genome tree).</p><p>Orphe porius; Mabille, 1904, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 168.-Draudt, 1923, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 991.</p><p>(no genus)  gerasa; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 151.</p><p>(no genus)  porius; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 237.</p><p>(no genus)  subcordatus; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 265.</p><p>(no genus)  milo; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 202.</p><p>Orfhe [sic] gerasa; O. Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 5, p. 1126; syn.:  porius,  subcordatus,  milo .</p><p>(no name) Garwood et al., 2007. Butt. South. Amaz., p. 234, fig. (v) (unknown ruby-eye).</p><p>Taxonomic history</p><p>Hesperia gerasa was described by Hewitson (1867) based on an unspecified number of specimens from Montes Áureos, [Municipality of Centro de Guilherme], Maranhão, Brazil.  Hesperia gerasa was transferred to  Goniloba Westwood, 1852 (Herrich-Schäffer 1869),  Pamphila Fabricius, 1807 (Kirby 1871), and  Proteides Hübner, [1819] (Mabille 1878) . Mabille (1883) described  Proteides porius based on an unspecified number of specimens from South America. Subsequently, Mabille (1889) described  Proteides subcordatus based on an unspecified number of specimens from Chiriquí, Panama. After realizing that  P. subcordatus was a homonym, Mabille (1891) designated  Proteides milo as a new name for the species.When Godman (1901) proposed  Orphe,  Hesperia gerasa was transferred to this genus, and both species described by Mabille were synonymized with  H. gerasa . Mabille (1904) transferred  Proteides porius to  Orphe, and this name was treated as a junior synonym of  O. gerasa by Evans (1955).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Not informed by the author.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>FW length: male, 20–22 mm; female, 22–23 mm. The male of this species superficially resembles  P. pyrex; however, it can be easily distinguished from it by the stigma. The female is distinguished from  P. pyrex by the lilac scales, whereas  P. pyrex has dark yellowish scales in discal to anal areas of the VHW. Male and female wings ventrally with lilac scales in apical and submarginal areas (Figs 1B, D). Stigma with a single row of grey scales along its edge in CuA 1 and 2A (Fig. 3A). Male genitalia (Fig. 4) with anterior projection of saccus shorter than the length of tegumen + uncus; uncus truncated posteriorly, with two distal tips sclerotized; gnathos shorter than uncus, with dark punctuations distally; valva, harpe with a dorso-distal spined bifid projection, ampulla directed dorsally; aedeagus with tiny and a few cornuti. Female genitalia (Figs 6A–B) with lamella antevaginalis formed by two sclerotized lateral plates projected towards and exceeding the lamella postvaginalis; median projection of lamella antevaginalis not reaching the lamella postvaginalis.</p><p>Comments</p><p>In some males, the hyaline spot in CuA 1 –CuA 2 on FW is absent, a small spot still appears in M 1 –M 2. In females, the spot in M 1 –M 2 on FW is always present. In males, the two hyaline spots on FW in the discal cell are sometimes fused, forming a single spot, whereas in females the discal cell always has a single spot.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Hesperia gerasa was described and illustrated by Hewitson (1867) based on an unspecified number of specimens from Montes Áureos, [Municipality of Centro de Guilherme], Maranhão, Brazil, deposited in the Belt collection. One syntype male, found in NHMUK, has the following labels: / Type / Type / red label without information / Maranham [Maranhão, Brasil] Hewitson Coll. 70-69.  Hesperia gerasa, Hew. /. Thus, in order to stabilize the identity of this species, this syntype is designated herein as the lectotype, adding the following two labels: / LECTOTYPUS / Lectotype  Hesperia gerasa Hewitson, 1867 Suênia-Bastos, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2024/.</p><p>Proteides porius was described by Mabille (1883) based on an unspecified number of specimens from South America, but the type could not be found.</p><p>Proteides subcordatus was described by Mabille (1889) based on an unspecified number of specimens from Chiriquí, Panama, firstly deposited in the Staudinger collection, then deposited at the MfN now. One syntype male, found in MfN, has the following labels: /  Prot. Subcordatus HS ♂ / Coll. Staudinger / Lectotypus / Chiriqui /  Perichares gerasa HW. / 127: 1 /. Thus, in order to stabilize the identity of this species, this syntype is designated herein as the lectotype, adding the following two labels: / LECTOTYPUS / Lectotype  Proteides subcordatus Mabille, 1889 Suênia-Bastos, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2024/.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>The remaining material examined:</p><p>PANAMA: Panama, Ciudad de Panamá (Summit), 1-VI-1977, 1♂, Robbins leg., DZ 58.115 (DZUP).</p><p>PERU: Madre de Díos, ( Tambopata National Reserve), 12° 50’S, 69°17’W, 300 m, 27-X-1991, 1♂, O. Mielke leg., 26-X-1991, 1♂, M. Casagrande leg., DZ 58.116, 58.117 (DZUP). San Martín, Moyobamba, 6°02’13”S, 76°58’22”W, 800 m, X-2016, 1♀, J. Pintado leg., OM 81.329 (OM). Cuzco, (1 km NE Atalaya), 12°52’S, 71°22’W, 500 m, 7-11-XI-2012, 1♂, O. Mielke leg., OM 74.063 (OM).</p><p>BRAZIL: Amapá, Serra do Navio, 29-VII-2007, 1♀, O. Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 58.118 (DZUP). Amazonas, (40 km S de Humaitá), 4-VII-2001, 1♀, O. Mielke leg., OM 53.725 (OM). Pará, ( Rio Cuminá,  Cachoeira da Paciência), 15-X-1936, 1♂, D’Almeida leg., DZ 58.133 (DZUP); Itaituba, 24-VII-1973, 1♀, M. Lauterjung leg., DZ 58.119 (DZUP). Acre, Porto Acre ( Reserva Humaitá), 200 m, 8-10-IX-2004, 1♂, O. Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 58.120 (DZUP); Senador Guiomard ( Reserva Catuaba), 200 m, 2-5-IX-2004, 1♂, O. Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 58.121 (DZUP), 15-VII-2004, 1♂, O. &amp; C. Mielke leg., OM 64.772 (OM); Bujari (50 Km NO Bujari), 200 m, 1♂, 20-23-VII-2012, O. &amp; C. Mielke leg., OM 65.744 (OM). Rondônia, Vilhena, 4-XII-1986, 1♂, C. Elias leg., DZ 58.122 (DZUP). Maranhão, Açailândia, 23-VIII-1974, 1♂, O. Mielke leg., DZ 58.123 (DZUP). Mato Grosso, Diamantino (Fazenda São João, Alto  Rio Arinos), 300–400 m, 6-V-1978, 1♂, H. &amp; H.D. Ebert leg., DZ 58.126 (DZUP). Minas Gerais, (Parque Estadual do  Rio Doce), 200 m, 6-IX-1973, 1♀, H. Ebert leg., ex-coll. H. Ebert, DZ 58.124 (DZUP), 6-IX-1973, 1♂, H. Ebert leg., DZ 58.125 (DZUP). Espírito Santo, Conceição da Barra, VII-1971, 1♀, C. &amp; C.T. Elias leg., DZ 58.127 (DZUP).</p><p>Host plants</p><p>The immatures feed on  Arecaceae Schultz Sch. and  Poaceae (R.Br.) Barnh. According to Moss (1949), the immatures in Pará (Brazil) feed on açaí ( Euterpe Mart. *), though the species is not identified. Janzen and Hallwachs (2009) observed immatures feeding on  Elytrostachys clavigera McClure.</p><p>Geographical distribution (Fig. 7)</p><p>Nicaragua: Región Autónoma del la Costa Caribe Sur (Anderson 2007); unknown locality (Evans 1955). Costa Rica: Guanacaste (Janzen and Hallwachs 2009). Panama: Chiriquí (Mabille 1889; Godman 1901); Panama (DZUP); unknown locality (Evans 1955). Colombia: unknown locality (Hayward 1947). Venezuela: unknown locality (Cong et al. 2019). Guyana: unknown locality (Evans 1955). Peru: Cuzco (OM); Madre de Díos (DZUP); San Martín (OM; Evans 1955). Brazil: Acre (Moss 1949; DZUP; OM); Amapá (DZUP); Amazonas (OM); Pará (DZUP); Rondônia (DZUP); Maranhão (DZUP; Hewitson 1867); Mato Grosso (OM); Minas Gerais (DZUP); Espírito Santo (DZUP); São Paulo (Francini et al. 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA0337FFA8FFA0FF73F9E9FCC8F87D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Suênia-Bastos, Ayane;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Suênia-Bastos, Ayane, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Taxonomic revision of Orphe Godman, 1901 (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae: Pericharini: Orphina). Zootaxa 5604 (2): 131-144, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.2.3
03CA0337FFA4FFA3FF73FB65FE4FF970.text	03CA0337FFA4FFA3FF73FB65FE4FF970.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orphe vatinius Godman 1901	<div><p>Orphe vatinius Godman, 1901</p><p>(Figs 2, 3B, 5, 6C, D, 7)</p><p>Orphe vatinius Godman, 1901, in Godman &amp; Salvin. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lep.-Rhop. 2, p. 619; 3, pl. 104, fig. 31 (venation), 32 (male gen.); 6 males, Guiana; Amazonas, [Brazil]; E. Peru.-Mabille, 1904, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 168.-Draudt, 1923, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 991.- Williams &amp; Hayward, 1944. Acta zool. Lill. 2: 222.- Hayward, 1947. Acta zool. Lill. 4: 366.- Evans, 1955. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 4, p. 247, pl. 70 (male gen.); syn.:  brooksii .-Lamas, 1969. Biota 7: 339.-Lewis, 1973. Butt. World, p. 84, fig. 26 (d), p. 247.-Lewis, 1975. Marip. Mundo, p. 84, fig. 26 (d), p. 247.-Lamas, 1981. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 6: 38.-Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 18, 123; 2, p. 24; syn.:  brooksii .-Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 29, 195; 2, p. 39; syn.:  brooksii .-Lamas, 1994, in Foster et al. RAP Working Papers 6: 176.-Bridges, 1994. Cat. Fam.-Group, Gen.-Group, Sp.-Group Nam. Hesp. (Lep.) World 8, p. 35, 235; 9, p. 44; syn.:  brooksii .-Robbins et al., 1996, in Wilson &amp; Sandoval. Manu, p. 250.-Moreno, Silva &amp; Estévez, 1998. Marip. Ecuador, p. 160.-O. Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 74, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.:  brooksii .-O. Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 5, p. 1127; syn.:  brooksii . -Garwood et al., 2007. Butt. South. Amaz., p. 233, fig. (d).-Garwood et al., 2009. Butt. South. Amaz., 2 nd ed., p. 322, figs (d, v).-Silva, [2011]. Ecol. Mariposas Ecuador, p. 201.-Garwood &amp; Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 176, figs (male, female v).-Palo Jr., 2017. Borb. Brasil 3, p. 2319.- Glassberg, 2017. Swift Guide Butt. Mexico and C. America, 2 nd ed., p. 259, fig. (v); hostplant.-Sambhu &amp; Nankishore, 2018. Zootaxa 4371 (1): 29.- Li et al., 2019. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sc. 116 (13): 6232-6237, fig. 1 (genomic tree); S1 App., p. 74, 91 (Fig. S1, phylogenetic tree).- Cong et al., 2019. Insecta Mundi 731: 51, fig. 13 (genomic tree).- Zhang et al., 2022. Insecta Mundi 921: 95, 127, fig. 17 (genomic tree).-Mota et al., 2022. Biota Neotrop. 22 (3): e20221367, p. 19.-Gallardo &amp; Diaz, 2022. Guide Butt. Honduras, p. 334.-Kawahara et al., 2023. Nat. Ecol. &amp; Evol. 7: 903-913, Fig. S1 (time calibrated tree), Table S1 (specimen inf.).</p><p>Pamphila brooksii Weeks, 1906 . Ent. News 17: 204; VII-1899,  Suapure, Venezuela.</p><p>Turesis brooksii; Draudt, 1923, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 990.</p><p>Orphe brooksii; Bell, 1933. Ent. News 44: 265.-Bell, 1946. Bol. Ent. venezol. 5: 180.</p><p>(no genus)  vatinius; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 282.</p><p>(no genus)  brooksii; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 99.</p><p>Taxonomic history</p><p>Orphe vatinius was described by Godman (1901) based on six males from Guyana, Amazonas [Brazil], and Peru. Weeks (1906) described  Pamphila brooksii based on an unspecified number of specimens from Suapure, [Bolívar], Venezuela. Draudt (1923) transferred  P. brooksii to  Turesis Godman, 1901, and Bell (1933) transferred it to  Orphe Godman, 1901 claiming that this species was similar to  O. vatinius due to the stigma on the forewing. Evans (1955) treated  O. brooksii as a junior synonym of  O. vatinius .</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Not informed by the author.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>FW length: male, 20–22 mm; female, 20–21 mm. The male of this species superficially resembles  P. pyrex; however, it can be easily distinguished from it by the stigma. The female is distinguished from  P. pyrex by the grey, sometimes light yellowish scales on the VHW, whereas  P. pyrex has dark yellowish scales in the discal to anal areas of the VHW. Male wings ventrally covered with ferruginous scales (Fig. 2B), and female VHW usually with grey, sometimes light yellowish, scales in central and submarginal areas, (Figs 2D, F). Stigma with a wavy-looking rows of scales in CuA 1 and 2A (Fig. 3B). Male genitalia (Fig. 5) with anterior projection of saccus longer than the tegumen + uncus; uncus distally bifid; gnathos with a few spines distally; valva, harpe with a dorso-distal spined bifid projection; ampulla directed distally; aedeagus with several long cornuti. Female genitalia (Fig. 6C–D) with lamella antevaginalis triangle-shaped formed by two lateral plates towards and not exceeding the lamella postvaginalis; median projection of lamella antevaginalis reaching the lamella postvaginalis.</p><p>Comments</p><p>In some males FW, two small hyaline spots are found in M 1 –M 2. The female sensu Evans (1955) presents the yellowish phenotype in the VHW from specimens from Colombia and Ecuador he examined. Two females from Costa Rica found in OM collection matched Evans’s description, and these specimens show hyaline spot in CuA 1 – CuA 2 on FW broader than in other female specimens. Despite these differences, the female genitalia are similar among these specimens.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Orphe vatinius was described by Godman (1901) based on six males collected in Guyana, Amazonas (Brazil), and Peru. One syntype male, found in NHMUK, has the following labels: / Type H.T. / Type / Massauary Hahn[el]. [Massauari, District of Boa Vista do Ramos] Amazons [Amazonas, Brasil] (Ex Staudinger) / male / B.C.A. Lep. Rhop.  Orphe vatinius . Godm. / Godman-Salvin. Coll. 1914.-5 /. Thus, in order to stabilize the identity of this species, this syntype is designated herein as the lectotype, adding the following two labels: / LECTOTYPUS / Lectotype  Orphe vatinius Godman, 1901 Suênia-Bastos, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2024/.</p><p>Pamphila brooksii was described by Weeks (1906) based on an unspecified number of specimens from Suapure [Bolívar], Venezuela and deposited at the MCZ. One syntype male, found in MCZ, has the following labels: / A. G. Weeks Collection / M.C.Z. Type 16720 /  Pamphila brooksii Weeks HOLOTYPE / Suapure, Ven., VII-25-1899 /. Thus, in order to stabilize the identity of this species, this syntype is designated herein as the lectotype, adding the following two labels: / LECTOTYPUS / Lectotype  Pamphila brooksii Weeks, 1906 Suênia-Bastos, Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2024/.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>The remaining material examined:</p><p>COSTA RICA: Heredia, ( Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí), 16-XII-1995, 1♀, 23-X-1994, 1♀, Pagels leg., OM 53.072, 40.275 (OM).</p><p>PERU: Madre de Díos,  Manú ( Rio Manú), 11°58’S, 71°17’W, no data, 1♂, I. Bohorquez leg., DZ 58.128 (DZUP); ( Manú National Park), 11°55’48”S, 71°15’18”W, 340 m, 19-X-1991, 1♂, R. Robbins leg., DZ 58.129 (DZUP), 28-IX-1991, 1♂, O. Mielke leg., DZ 58.130 (DZUP), 28-IX-1991, 1♂, G. Lamas leg., DZ 58.132 (DZUP);  Puerto Maldonado ( Tambopata National Reserve), 12°50’S, 69°17’W, 300 m, 26-X-1991, 1♂, O. Mielke leg., DZ 58.131 (DZUP); (Shintuya, 3.3 km NE Albergue Pantiacolla), 12°39’21”S, 71°13’53”W, 400 m, 18-22-VI-2019, 1♂, 4-8-XI-2017, 1♂, O. Mielke leg., OM 88.627, 85.958 (OM). Loreto, Iquitos, 100 m, 30-VII-1992, 1♂, Büche leg., OM 35.595 (OM).</p><p>ECUADOR: Napo, (Yanahurco), 550 m, 5-IX-1978, 1♂, Lafebre leg., OM 91.737 (OM). Cotopaxi, (Milimbanco), 3,900 m, IX-1971, 1♂, Lafebre leg., OM 91.727 (OM).</p><p>BRAZIL: Acre, Senador Guiomard ( Reserva Catuaba-UFAC), 22-IX-2003, 1♂, 200 m, 2-5-IX-2004, 4♂, O. Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 58.134, 58.142–58.145 (DZUP), 17-19-VII-2004, 1♀, O. &amp; C. Mielke leg., OM 65.181 (OM); Xapuri (Seringal Esperança), 200 m, 6-7-IX-2004, 1♂, O. Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 58.135 (DZUP); Porto Acre ( Reserva Humaitá), 200 m, 8-10-IX-2004, 1 ♀, 1♂, O. Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 58.136 - 58.137 (DZUP); Bujari (50 km NO), 200 m, 10-12-IX-2004, 2♂, 25-IX-2003, 1♀, 1♂, O. Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 58.138, 58.141, 58.139, 58.140 (DZUP), 20-23-VII-2004, 5♂, O. &amp; C. Mielke leg. OM 65.827, 65.480, 65.778, 65.365, 64.699 (OM);  Rio Branco, 16-VII-2004, 1♂, O. &amp; C. Mielke leg., OM 64.827 (OM). Rondônia, (Linha 105, km 4, 50 km N Ariquemes [ Rio Crespo]), 10-22-VII-1991, 1♂, C. Mielke &amp; Miers leg., OM 27.573 (OM). Mato Grosso, Cáceres (Coronel  Rio Branco,  Rio Vermelho), 400 m, 3-VII-1972, 1♂, 2-VII-1972, 1♂, O. Mielke &amp; Brown leg., DZ 58.146, 58.147 (DZUP); Diamantino (Fazenda São João, Alto  Rio Arinos), 10-VII-1978, 1♀, Furtado leg., OM 91.757 (OM).</p><p>Host plant</p><p>According to Janzen and Hallwachs (2009), the immatures feed on  Guadua paniculata Munro ( Poaceae) in Costa Rica.</p><p>Geographical distribution (Fig. 7)</p><p>Costa Rica: Guanacaste (Janzen and Hallwachs 2009); Heredia (OM). Colombia: Boyacá (Hayward 1947); Putumayo (Cong et al. 2019); unknown locality (Evans 1955). Venezuela: Bolívar (Weeks 1906). Guyana: unknown locality (Godman 1901; Evans 1955). French Guiana, unknown locality (Evans 1955). Ecuador: [Bolívar] (Evans 1955); Cotopaxi (OM); Morona-Santiago (Williams and Hayward 1944); Napo (OM). Peru: Amazonas (Evans 1955); Loreto (OM; Evans 1955); Madre de Díos (DZUP; OM). Brazil: Acre (DZUP); Amazonas (Godman 1901); Mato Grosso (DZUP).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA0337FFA4FFA3FF73FB65FE4FF970	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Suênia-Bastos, Ayane;Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik;Casagrande, Mirna Martins	Suênia-Bastos, Ayane, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Taxonomic revision of Orphe Godman, 1901 (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae: Pericharini: Orphina). Zootaxa 5604 (2): 131-144, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.2.3
