identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03CB3545FFBCFF80FF18860EFBB11E6A.text	03CB3545FFBCFF80FF18860EFBB11E6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euastrum foersteri A. M. Scott & Croasdale ex C. B. Araujo & C. E. M. Bicudo 2023	<div><p>Euastrum foersteri A.M.Scott &amp; Croasdale ex C.B.Araújo &amp; C.E.M.Bicudo, sp. nov.</p><p>Replaced designation: “ Euastrum Foersteri A,M.Scott &amp; Croasdale ” in Scott, Grönblad &amp; Croasdale Acta Botanica Fennica, 69: 32, figs 69, 70, 1965, nom. inval.</p><p>Description: Cell as long as wide; semicell subquadrangular, 4-lobed, apical margin with deep median incision, rounded apical angles, one long, pointed spine; lateral margins concave, subquadrangular, basal angles with short, divergent, bifurcate spines; each semicell with a large truncate central papilla; median constriction deep, median sinus open, acute-angled; cell wall smooth; chloroplast axial. Cells 25-30 μm long (with spines), 19-21 μm (without spines), 20-26 μm wide (with spines), 16.5-21 μm (without spines), 4-4.5 μm isthmus width, 13-14 μm wide at apex (without spines).</p><p>Holotype: Förster (1964: pl. 6: fig. 5 [top specimen, two views of the same specimen], as “ Euastrum arciferum var. longispinum Förster ”; ICN Art. 40.5, Turland &amp; al. 2018), here reproduced as Fig. 1.</p><p>Type locality: Rio da Femmeas, state of Tocantins, Brazil.</p><p>PhycoBank Registration: 103604</p><p>Etymology: Named in honour of the eminent desmidologist Kurt Förster (1918–1983), who originally described the material.</p><p>Occurrence in Brazil: Rio da Femmeas, Tocantins state (Förster 1964, Goiás state; as “ Euastrum arciferum var. longispinum Kurt Förster ”, nom. inval.); Arapiuns river – Lake Curi and Lake Mentaí (Scott &amp; al. 1965, as “ Euastrum foersteri Scott &amp; Croasdale ”, nom. inval.), Lake Jurucuí (Förster 1969, “ Euastrum foersteri Scott &amp; Croasdale ”, nom. inval.), Pará state; Nhamundá Region, Amazonas state (Thomasson 1977, just citation).</p><p>The name “ Pleurotaenium tridentulum var. tenuissimum ” introduced by Grönblad &amp; Croasdale (in Scott &amp; al. 1965: 30, pl. 2: figs 33-34) and a new combination “ Pleurotaenium tenuissimum Förster ” (Förster 1981: 246) were not validly published since they were also not based on a single gathering (ICN Art. 40.2, Shenzhen Code, Turland &amp; al. 2018), and a type locality was not designated from the two localities listed in Scott &amp; al. (1965): “Rio Arapiuns”, above the “Ponta Icuxi” (Nr. 20, a tributary of the Tapajós River, Pará state, Brazil) and the mouth of “Rio Uaupés” (Nr. 21, a tributary of the Rio Negro basin, state of Amazonas, Brazil). Although Grönblad &amp; Croasdale (1971: 40) designated fig. 34 of Scott &amp; al. (1965) as the holotype, the designation “ Pleurotaenium tridentulum var. tenuissimum ” remains invalid as a full and direct reference the place of valid publication, with page or plate reference and date were not given (ICN Art. 41.5, Shenzhen Code, Turland &amp; al. 2018). Furthermore, the shape of “ Pleurotaenium tridentulum var. tenuissimum ” deviates considerably from the shape of P. tridentulum species (Förster 1981). Furthemore, Pleurotaenium tridentulum (Wolle) West is now considered a heterotypic later synonym of Pleurotaenium sceptrum (Roy) West &amp; G.S.West (e.g. Prescott &amp; al. 1975; Araújo &amp; al. 2022). Thus, we here validate “ Pleurotaenium tenuissimum ” by providing it with a formal description and a type based on the material studied by Grönblad &amp; Croasdale (in Scott &amp; al. 1965) and Kurt Förster (in Förster 1969, 1974, 1981). Also, we link here all taxa and their published illustrations that represents this species and its distribution in Brazil.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB3545FFBCFF80FF18860EFBB11E6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Araújo, Camila Barbosa de	Araújo, Camila Barbosa de (2023): Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on two desmid species from Brazil (Desmidiaceae, Zygnematophyceae). Notulae Algarum 269: 1-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16652662
03CB3545FFBDFF82FF188730FDF91835.text	03CB3545FFBDFF82FF188730FDF91835.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurotaenium tenuissimum Kurt Forster ex C. B. Araujo & C. E. M. Bicudo 2023	<div><p>Pleurotaenium tenuissimum Kurt Förster ex C.B.Araújo &amp; C.E.M.Bicudo, sp. nov.</p><p>Replaced designation: “ Pleurotaenium tenuissimum Kurt Förster ”, Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 28: 246, 1981, nom. inval.</p><p>Description: Cells longer than wide; semicell cylindrical, apex subquadrangular with 4 more or less conical rounded warts squarely arranged; lateral margins parallel, abruptly attenuated to the apex; median constriction shallow; median sinus poorly developed; no central swelling; cell wall hyaline; chloroplast axial; 4-8 pyrenoids by semicell. Cells 238-255 μm long, 6.5-8 μm wide, 2.5-3 μm wide at apex.</p><p>Holotype: Scott &amp; al. (1965: pl. 30: fig. 34, as “ Pleurotaenium tridentulum var. tenuissimum ”; ICN Art. 40.5, Turland &amp; al. 2018), here reproduced as Fig. 4 (fig. 33, left).</p><p>Type locality: Arapiuns River, a tributary of the Tapajós River, State of Pará, Brazil.</p><p>PhycoBank Registration: 103602</p><p>Etymology: From Latin tenuis, - e (adj.), thin, fine, slender (narrow); superlative tenuissimus,- a, - um, (very slender).</p><p>Occurrence in Brazil: This species is reported from the Amazon region as Pleurotaenium tridentulum var. tenuissimum Grönblad &amp; Croasdale ”, nom. inval.; Amazonas state (Scott &amp; al. 1965; Förster 1969, 1974; Uherkovich &amp; Rai 1979, just citation); Pará state (Scott &amp; al. 1965), as “ Pleurotaenium tenuissimum Kurt Förster ”, nom. inval. (Förster 1981).</p><p>We are grateful to Professor Michael Guiry and several reviewers for their valuable recommendations leading to an improvement of the manuscript.</p><p>Araújo, C.B., Furtado, M.F.M., Melo, S., Takiyama, L.R., Cantuária, P.C., Bicudo, C.E.M. (2022). Some interesting desmids (Desmidiaceae, Zygnematophyceae): first records, taxonomic notes, and distribution for the Amazon Brazilian flora. Check List 18 (6): 1337–1346, 13 figs.</p><p>Borge, O. (1918). Die von Dr. A. Löfgren in São Paulo gesammelten Süsswasseralgen. Arkiv för Botanik 15 (13): 1–108.</p><p>Förster, K. (1964). Desmidiaceen aus Brasilien, 2: Bahia, Goyaz, Piauhy und Nord-Brasilien. Hydrobiologia 23: 321–505.</p><p>Förster, K. (1969). Amazonische Desmidieen, 1: Areal Santarém. Amazoniana 2 (1/ 2): 5–116.</p><p>Förster, K. (1974). Amazonische Desmidieen, 2: Areal Maués - Abacaxis. Amazoniana 5: 135–242.</p><p>Förster, K. (1981). Revision und Validierung von Desmidiaceen-Namen aus früheren Publikationen, 2. Algological Studies 28: 236–251.</p><p>Grönblad, R. &amp; Croasdale, H. (1971). Desmids from Namibia (SW Africa). Acta Botanica Fennica 93: 1–40.</p><p>Prescott, G.W., Croasdale, H.T. &amp; Vinyard, W.C. (1975). A synopsis of North American desmids. Part II. Desmidiaceae: Placodermae. Sect. 1. pp. 1-275, 57 pls. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.</p><p>Scott, A.M., Grönblad, R. &amp; Croasdale, H. (1965). Desmids from the Amazon Basin, Brasil. Acta Botanica Fennica 69: 3–93.</p><p>Thomasson, K. (1977). Two conspicuous desmids from Amazonas. Botaniska Notiser 130: 41–51.</p><p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. &amp; Smith, G.F., editors (2018). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile, Vol. 159. pp. [i]- xxxviii, 1–253. Glashütten:</p><p>Uherkovich, G. &amp; Rai, H. (1979) Algen aus den Rio Negro und seinen Nebenflüssen. Amazoniana 6 (4): 611–638.</p><p>as originally illustrated by Scott &amp; Croasdale (in Scott &amp; al. 1965: p. 32, pl. 4, figs 69-70 as “ Euastrum foersteri ”). Fig. 3. Euastrum foersteri sp. nov.: as originally illustrated by Förster (1969: 33, pl. 9: figs 22, 23. Scale bar: fig. 22: 30µm; fig. 23: 50 µm, as “ Euastrum foersteri ”). Fig. 4. Pleurotaenium tenuissimum sp. nov.: holotype (left “33”), the original illustration of “ Pleurotaenium tridentulum var. tenuissimum ” published by Grönblad &amp; Croasdale (in Scott &amp; al. 1965: 30, pl. 2: figs 33, 34). Fig. 5. Pleurotaenium tenuissimum sp. nov.: holotype originally illustrated by Förster (1969: 28, pl. 6: figs 8-10. Scale bar: figs 8-9: 50 µm; fig. 10: 30 µm) as “ Pleurotaenium tridentulum var. tenuissimum ”. Fig. 6. Pleurotaenium tenuissimum sp. nov.: material originally illustrated by Förster (1974: 153, pl. 4: figs 8, 9) as “ Pleurotaenium tridentulum var. tenuissimum ”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB3545FFBDFF82FF188730FDF91835	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Araújo, Camila Barbosa de	Araújo, Camila Barbosa de (2023): Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on two desmid species from Brazil (Desmidiaceae, Zygnematophyceae). Notulae Algarum 269: 1-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16652662
