taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C90C1C0100B605FCEEFDB9D674F81F.taxon	description	Alangium borneense Merr. (1922) 342. — Type: Agama 1022 (holo PNH †; iso BM BM 000944961, K K 000704827, L L 0009820, P P 04552684), Borneo, Sabah, Batu Lima, Nov. 1920, fl. Tree to 18 m tall; twigs brown, 3 – 4 mm diam, at apex hairy; leaf bud in-curved, densely hairy, hairs c. 0.5 mm long. Leaves: petiole 0.5 – 1 cm long; lamina drying greenish brown, veins (sparsely) hairy below, narrowly elliptic, 10 – 23 by 3 – 6 (– 8) cm, base almost symmetric, (rounded or) short cuneate, apex acute and apiculate to 1 cm; veins pinnate, 10 – 15 on each side, loop-veined at least in upper third of blade, tertiary venation thin, (sub) scalariform. Inflorescences hairy, of 1 or 2 (or 3) main branches (peduncles) from the leaf axil, each few-branched, 2 – 7 - flowered; peduncle (s) 1 – 10 mm long. Flowers densely appressed hairy; pedicel 3 – 5 mm long; corolla in bud 10 – 17 mm long, base not swollen, apex acute; ovary and calyx 4 – 6 mm long, ribbed; limb (sub) erect 1 – 1.5 mm long, at margin c. 4 mm wide, (sub) truncate or obscurely toothed; petals 5 or 6, inside glabrous, 10 – 15 mm long; stamens 5 or 6, filament glabrous, c. 5 mm long, somewhat flattened, without thickened portion near base, anther 5 – 9 mm long, connective glabrous; style densely appressed hairy for the larger part, 7 – 15 mm long, stigma conical. Fruit 1 (or 2) per infructescence, ripening pink or red, densely minutely hairy (hairs yellowish green, c. 0.1 mm long), (narrowly) ellipsoid, narrowed at base and apex (± fusiform), 20 – 30 by c. 14 mm, finely ribbed; calyx remnant narrow or contracted, subtruncate. Distribution — Borneo (Brunei, Sarawak, Sabah (most collections), W & E Kalimantan). Habitat & Ecology — Lowland mixed dipterocarp forest, flatland or undulating country, along rivers and hillside, also in swampy forest; basalt, sandy clay, podsoil, and (yellow) sandy soil; from sea level to 600 m altitude; flowering and fruiting all year round. Field-notes — Stilt-roots and buttresses recorded; bark smooth; fruits edible, green ripening pinkish or red. Vernacular names — Kagukapan (Sungei Kinabatangan), Satu Inchi, Midong (Iban), Kondolon, Aru (Kayal), Jadam. Note — Alangium borneense resembles A. mezianum; the latter is generally stouter in all parts (but not the fruit), its tomentum of twig apex and leaf bud is shorter (hairs 0.2 – 0.3 mm only), its leaf bud is (almost) straight, and its filaments are hairy at apex. In A. borneense the leaf bud is characteristically strongly in-curved and densely woolly hairy, not allowing to see the juvenile lateral veins, and its filaments are glabrous.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C0100B607FCEEF812D199FE4D.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Borneo (Sarawak), only known from the type. Habitat & Ecology — Disturbed primary heath forest; white podsolised soil; flowering in October. Proposed IUCN (2012) conservation assessment — Criti- cally Endangered (CR), since the type locality no longer exists and the species is only known from the type collection. Notes — 1. We checked the hairiness of the locule inside as mentioned by Stone & Kochummen (1975); with a magnification of × 60 we could detect some minute hairs. 2. The Sarawak botanist Julia Sang informed us that Bukit Siol (now within Kuching town) is converted into human set- tlement and that in 1964 when A. circulare was collected the forest type was heath forest on podsolised white soil.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C0102B607FFA1FE27D3DFF809.taxon	description	Alangium denudatum (Bloemb.) W. J. de Wilde & Duyfjes. — Alangium nobile (C. B. Clarke) Harms var. denudatum Bloemb. (1935) 276; (1939) 212, f. 9 f. — Type: Beguin 582 (holo BO; iso L L. 1162840, SING, U 2 sheets U. 1230478, U. 1230480), Sumatra, Bengkalis, 6 m alt., 15 Jan. 1920, fl. Tree 20 – 33 m tall; twigs dark brown, 2 – 3 (– 4) mm diam, densely minutely rusty hairy (hairs 0.1 – 0.2 mm long), late glabrescent; leaf bud minutely hairy (hairs c. 0.1 mm long). Leaves: petiole 0.5 – 1.2 cm long; lamina drying brown, glabrous, except minute hairs on midrib and veins below, ovate-elliptic or elliptic (- oblong), 7 – 18 by 4 – 6 (– 7) cm, base symmetric, (broadly rounded or) narrowly cordate, apex (blunt or) acute or acute-acuminate; veins seemingly completely pinnate but faintly 3 – 5 - plinerved at base, 8 – 12 at each side, usually loop-veined; tertiary venation thin, finely (reticulate-) scalariform. Inflorescences densely minutely hairy, of 1 or 2 (or 3) flowers, axillary to a leaf, sessile (rarely 1 or 2 flower (s) on a peduncle to 5 mm long). Flowers minutely hairy (as twigs); pedicel 8 – 10 mm long; corolla in bud 18 – 20 mm long, base swollen, apex blunt; ovary and calyx 5 – 6 mm long, finely ribbed; limb c. 2 mm long, at margin 5 – 6 mm wide, lobes 5 (or 6), conspicuous, triangular; petals 5 (or 6), inside densely long rusty hairy (hairs c. 0.4 mm long), 18 – 20 mm long; stamens 5, filament c. 2 mm long, the lower half not much thickened, densely (setose) hairy, the upper portion slender, glabrous, anther c. 10 mm long, connective glabrous; style densely hairy, c. 18 mm long, stigma conical. Fruit 1 (or 2?) per infructescence, ripening colour not recorded, densely rusty hairy (hairs 0.2 – 0.3 mm long), (ovoid-) ellipsoid, 27 – 30 by 16 – 20 mm, 10 - ribbed; calyx remnant as calyx in flower. Distribution — E Sumatra (Bengkalis), Singapore (Mandai Road), Borneo (Kalimantan, Sampit; not recorded from Brunei, Sarawak, and Sabah). Habitat & Ecology — Marsh forest (mixed peat swamp forest), at sea level; flowering in January and July; fruiting in April and July. Field-notes — Stilt-roots 2 m high, spreading 1.2 m; flowers fragrant. Vernacular name — Mara lepang. Additional specimens studied. SUMATRA, Buwalda 295 (= bb 28518), Riouw en Ond. Indragirische bovenlanden, Belimbing, 6 m alt., 2 July 1939, st. – SINGAPORE, Kiah SFN 37708, Mandai Road, low alt., 26 July 1940, fl., fr. – KALIMANTAN, Kostermans 4659, Sampit region, 5 m alt., Apr. 1948, fr. Note ― The somewhat deviating Beccari specimens from Sarawak (Beccari 2477, 2927, and 3611 (all K) discussed by Bloembergen (1939) under A. nobile, are not included in A. denudatum).	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C0102B607FFA1F86BD6BAFB16.taxon	description	Tree 2.5 – 20 m tall; twigs (blackish) brown, (3 ‒) 4 – 10 mm diam, at apex (incl. leaf bud) early glabrescent from minute greyish hairs less than 0.1 mm long. Leaves: petiole 1 ‒ 2 (‒ 2.5) cm long; lamina drying (green-) brown above, usually purplish below, glabrous, coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, 15 – 50 by 3 – 18 cm, base almost symmetric, rounded or short (long) cuneate, apex acute-acuminate; veins pinnate, (8 –) 10 – 15 on each side, (sub) loop-veined; tertiary venation thin, reticulate-scalariform. Inflorescences glabrous (early glabrescent from minute hairs less than 0.1 mm long), simple or of 2 main branches (peduncles) from the leaf-axil, each (5 –) 10 – 20 - flowered, peduncle (s) 10 (– 15) mm long. Flowers (minutely) densely hairy; pedicel to 5 mm long; corolla in bud minutely greyish hairy, (10 –) 12 – 16 mm long, base not swollen, apex frequently narrowed, acute; ovary and calyx 2 – 5 mm long, faintly ribbed or not ribbed; limb broadly cup-shaped or saucer-shaped, spreading, 1.5 – 3 mm long, at margin 3.5 – 5 mm wide, entire or faintly lobed; petals 5 (or 6), inside minutely hairy, except narrowed apex, 12 – 15 mm long; stamens 5 (or 6), filament 3 ‒ 5 mm long, broadened, inside near apex swollen and hairy (hairs c. 0.4 mm long), anther 9 – 11 mm long, connective glabrous; style appressed hairy, 6 – 9 mm long, stigma narrowly conical. Fruit 1 or 2 per infructescence, ripening pinkish red or purplish black, glabrous, broadly ovoid-ellipsoid, 20 – 30 mm long, smooth or lowly 10 - ribbed; calyx remnant 2 – 4 mm long, narrow or broad, up to 9 mm wide. Distribution — Sumatra (Palembang, Bangka), Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, W & E Kalimantan).	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C0102B600FCEEF94BD2D7FE5D.taxon	description	Differs from the typical variety in robust habit, with twigs 5 – 10 mm diam, and leaf lamina 30 – 50 by 9 – 18 cm. Infructescences borne on the twigs below the leaves. Fruit c. 30 by 15 – 18 mm with calyx remnant large, truncate, 6 – 9 mm wide. Flowers as the species. — Type: Yii S 70936 (holo L L. 3716600; iso K n. v., KEP n. v., MO n. v., SAR n. v.), Borneo, Sarawak, 4 th Div., Anap Forest Reserve, 160 m alt., 14 Feb. 1995, fr. Etymology. The name insignis (Latin = remarkable) refers to the robust habit and remarkably big leaves. Distribution — Borneo (Sarawak, 4 th Div. (Tinjar) and 7 th Div. (Ulu Belaga )). Habitat & Ecology — Mixed dipterocarp forest, thick (old) secondary forest on steep slope of river-valley, on fertile loamy ground; 50 – 160 m altitude; fruiting in February, August, and September. Field-notes — Fruit ripening deep purple, edible, ‘ aril’ whitish, juicy, with sour taste. Vernacular names — Brawan, Midong or Medong (Iban). Proposed IUCN (2012) conservation assessment — Data Deficient (DD), the collections date from 1963, 1972, and 1974, all from more or less the same locality; to A. javanicum var. meyeri auct. non (Merr.) Berhaman (1994) 35, p. p. Additional specimens studied. SARAWAK, 4 th Div., Fuchs 21208, Tinjar, 50 m alt., 7 Aug. 1963, fr.; Tong S 34940, Tinjar, 29 Aug. 1974, fr.; Chai S 31737, Segan Forest Reserve, 17 Sept. 1972, fr.; 7 th Div., Hansen 685, Ulu Belaga, Sungai Semawat, 18 Oct. 1981, fl.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C0105B600FFA1FDD0D2FEF9AD.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Borneo (Brunei, Sarawak). Habitat & Ecology — Lowland peat swamp forest; flowering and fruiting all year round. Field-notes — Low buttresses or stilt-roots recorded; fruit green, ripening (pale) pink. Vernacular names ― Dadam, Jadam (Milanau). Note — With the original description of A. havilandii (Bloembergen 1935) only 3 flowering collections were known. At present there are over 20 collections.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C0105B600FFA1F980D685FB16.taxon	description	Alangium hollrungii (K. Schum.) Melch. & Mansf. (1925) 163. — Nyssa hollrungii K. Schum. (1905) 334. — Type: Hollrung 720 (holo B †), Papua New Guinea, Augustafluss, Sept. 1887, fr. ― Neotype, here designated: Henty NGF 49248 (L L. 2498017; iso L L. 2498018), Papua New Guinea, Brahman, Bundi subdistr., Madang Distr. S 5 ° 44 ' E 145 ° 25 ', 180 m alt., 17 Mar. 1972, fl. (see note). Alangium papuanum Melch. (in Melchior & Mansfeld 1925) 165. — Alangium javanicum (Blume) Wangerin var. papuanum (Melch.) Bloemb. (1935) 284, f. 5 j ‒ aa; (1939) 220, f. 10 y ‒ aa. — Type: Ledermann 8137 (holo B †; iso BO, SING SING 0208277), Papua New Guinea, Sepik, Bari-Schlucht, 3 Aug. 1912, fl. & fr. Tree 6 – 30 m tall; twigs pale brown or (grey-) brown, 2 – 4 mm diam, glabrous (early glabrescent from hairs less than 0.1 mm long); leaf bud subglabrous (early glabrescent). Leaves: petiole 0.6 – 1.2 cm long; lamina drying (dark) brown or blackish brown, glabrous, (narrowly) elliptic, 10 – 16 by 3.5 – 6.5 cm, base symmetric, cuneate, apex acute-acuminate; veins pinnate (or faintly plinerved at base), c. 7 on each side; tertiary venation thin, reticulate (- scalariform). Inflorescences minutely pale brown hairy (hairs less than 0.1 mm long), of 1 or 2 main branches (peduncles) from the leaf axil, each few-branched, (1 –) 4 – 7 - flowered; peduncle (s) 1 – 4 mm long. Flowers minutely hairy; pedicel 1 – 2 mm long; corolla in bud 7 – 11 mm long, not swollen at base, apex (narrowly) rounded; ovary and calyx 3.5 – 4 mm long, finely ribbed; limb c. 1.5 mm long, at margin 3 – 3.5 mm wide, unlobed (truncate); petals 5 or 6, inside glabrous, 10 – 13 mm long; stamens 5 or 6, filament 2 – 2.5 mm long, ± thickened in upper half, glabrous, anther 7 – 9 mm long, connective glabrous; style hairy, c. 10 mm long, stigma conical. Fruit not seen, according to the original description: blackish brown, minutely hairy, glabrescent, ovoid, 25 – 30 by 11 – 16 mm, (presumably smooth); calyx remnant small. Distribution — New Guinea (northern Papua (Hollandia (Jayapura )), Papua New Guinea (Madang, Sepik )). Habitat & Ecology — In primary forest on sandy clayey soil, secondary forest on rocky clay, and dry land forest; 75 ‒ 180 m altitude; most collections sterile, flowering in February, March and August; fruiting in August and September. Field-notes — Buttresses to 1 m high; bark strongly peeling. The ripening colour of the fruit is not recorded. Vernacular names ― Ikoi, Joinawam, Kongmenem, Kwi, Soearenenioe, Soerinemoe (all Kemtoek). Additional specimens studied. PAPUA, Iwanggin BW 9156, Sekoli, 75 m alt., 18 Feb. 1960, st.; Iwanggin BW 9164, Sekoli, 75 m alt., 18 Feb. 1960, st.; Schram BW 9372, Sekoli, 75 m alt., 13 Nov. 1950, st.; Schram BW 9415, Sekoli, 150 m alt., 19 Feb. 1960, st.; Schram BW 9432, Sekoli, 75 m alt., 20 Feb. 1960, st.; Schram BW 9455, Sekoli, 75 m alt., 24 Feb. 1960, fl.; Schram BW 9469, Sekoli, 75 m alt., 25 Feb. 1960, st.; Neth. Ind. For. Service bb 28956, Berap, 9 Aug. 1939, st. – PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Henty NGF 49248, Madang, Brahman, 180 m alt., 17 Mar. 1972, fl. (neotype). Note ― Because of the apparent absence of a duplicate of the destroyed holotype a neotype is herewith designated.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C0105B602FCEEFB18D213FC4B.taxon	description	Tree 10 – 30 m tall; twigs brown, 2 – 3 mm diam, at apex (late) glabrescent from hairs c. 0.5 mm long; leaf bud ± straight, densely hairy, hairs c. 0.5 mm long. Leaves: petiole 0.8 – 1.5 mm long; lamina drying brown, glabrescent, elliptic-oblong, 10 – 20 by 4 – 5 cm, base rounded or short-cuneate, apex acute-acuminate; veins pinnate, c. 10 per side, somewhat loop-veined; tertiary venation faint, finely reticulate. Inflorescences hairy (hairs c. 0.5 mm long), with (1 –) 2 – 5 flowers axillary to a leaf, sessile or on a peduncle 3 (– 10?) mm long. Flowers densely hairy (hairs c. 0.5 mm long); pedicel 1 – 2 mm long; corolla in bud 8 – 10 mm long, not swollen at base, apex subobtuse; ovary and calyx 3.5 – 4 mm long, finely ribbed; limb c. 1 mm long, shallowly 6 - lobed (toothed); petals 5 or 6, inside minutely hairy, 8 – 12 mm long; stamens 6, filament c. 3 mm long, at apex and margin hairy, without thickened portion near base, anther c. 8 mm long, connective glabrous; style appressed hairy, 6 – 7 mm long, stigma narrow-conical. Fruit 1 or 2 per infructescence, drying grey-brown, minutely hairy, late-glabrescent, ovoid-ellipsoid, (15 –) 20 – 23 (– 25) mm long, base ± rounded or short-attenuate, finely shallowly many-ribbed; calyx remnant short, shallowly lobed. Distribution — S Sumatra (?), W Java, E Borneo, but see note 2. Habitat & Ecology — Dry land lowland forest on low hills; sandy loam soil with lime; to 250 m altitude; flowering in July and August; fruiting from July to February. Field-note ― Ripe fruit red. Notes — 1. Alangium javanicum is variable, possibly also in the hairiness of the leaf buds; see also the notes under A. oblongum and A. meyeri. 2. The distribution area of A. javanicum is determined as restricted to W Java and E Kalimantan (1 collection, Kostermans 4365, Sungei Riko, Balikpapan). It should be noted that according to Bloembergen (1939: 222) the type of the synonym Marlea costata originates from Lam- pong, S Sumatra, cultivated in the Bogor Botanical Garden (from Teijsmann 6717); however, the annotation ‘ Teijsmann 6717 ’ on the holotype of M. costata (L L 0009823) is lacking and its provenance cannot be proven. In addition there are in L three collections from outside Java which cannot go with other species, but which also do not fully match our present conception of A. javanica. They are: Neth. Ind. For. Service bb 22406, N Sumatra, Aceh, G. Agusan, ± 1800 m alt., fr.; Neth. Ind. For. Service bb 26597, SE Kalimantan, upper Mahakam River, low alt., fr. (fruit different from bb 22406); Leighton 106, E Kalimantan, Kutei, low alt., fr.). More, similar material from these areas is needed in order to place these collections.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C0107B602FFA1FC28D73FFE40.taxon	description	Alangium kayuniga K. M. Wong (in Wong & Low 2015) 69, f. 1. — Type: Yusop BRUN 22161 (holo BRUN; iso SING), Brunei, Belait, Sungai Liang, Andulau Forest Reserve, 21 Mar. 2007, fr. Tree 10 – 15 (– 25) m tall; twigs pale brown, c. 2 mm diam, glabrous (only when young very densely short-hairy); leaf bud densely short-hairy (hairs less than 0.1 mm long). Leaves: petiole 0.4 – 1.5 cm long; lamina drying (greenish brown), glabrous, elliptic, 5 – 15 by 4 – 5.5 cm, base (slightly) asymmetric, cuneate, apex acute-acuminate; veins pinnate, 7 – 9 on each side; tertiary venation thin, reticulate. Inflorescences minutely hairy, of 1 main branch (peduncle) from the leaf axil, not or hardly branched, 1 - or 2 - (or 3 -?) flowered; peduncle c. 4 mm long. Flowers minutely hairy; pedicel c. 2 mm long; corolla in bud 8 – 11 mm long, base not swollen, apex blunt or subacute; ovary and calyx c. 4 mm long, slightly ribbed; limb c. 1 mm long, at margin c. 4 mm wide, truncate, not lobed; petals 4, inside glabrous, c. 11 mm long; stamens 4, filament 3 – 4 mm long, densely very fine hairy towards apex, somewhat broadened, anther c. 7 mm long, connective glabrous; style densely appressed short-hairy (except for the basal 2 mm), c. 6 mm long, stigma conical. Fruit 1 (or 2?) per infructescence, ripening reddish purple, glabrous, broadly ellipsoid, 18 – 22 by 12 – 16 mm, shallowly ribbed or not ribbed; calyx remnant small. Distribution — Borneo (Brunei, Sarawak, Sabah). Habitat & Ecology — Hill ridge in forest intermediate between heath and dipterocarp type, mixed dipterocarp forest, forest on steep slopes; shallow shales, yellow clay with big sandstone rocks; 50 – 900 m altitude; flowering in June and October; fruiting in March to April and August to October. Field-notes — Fruit reddish with yellow spots and fruits black with juicy skin. Vernacular names — Mediong, Midong (Iban). Additional specimens studied. SARAWAK, Luang S 23684, 3 rd Div., Bukit Iju, Ulu Arip, balingian, 60 m alt., 1 Aug. 1965, fr.; Hou 403, 4 th Div., Nyabau, Bintulu, 200 m alt., 26 June 1966, fl.; Julaihi, Rantia et al. S 76956, 4 th Div., Gunung Pelamau, Sungai Tutoh, Ulu Baram, Miri, 800 m alt., 15 Apr. 1997, fr.; Yii & Asah S 64913, 4 th Div., Bukit Kana, Ulu Sungai Sangan, Tatau, Bintulu, 700 m alt., 6 Oct. 1994, fl.; Yii S 53525, 7 th Div., Bukit Tasu, Ulu Sungai Penuan, Batang Balui, 850 m, 14 Mar. 1987, fr. – SABAH, Wood & Wyatt-Smith A 4388, Tenom, Bukit Tenom, 275 m alt., 3 Sept. 1954, fr.; Meijer SAN 121372, Tenom, 800 – 900 m alt., 17 Oct. 1987, fr.; Wong & Donggop WKM 2286, Tongod, Sungai Imbak, 335 m alt., 29 Aug. 1992, fr. Note — The flowers of A. kayuniga are herewith described for the first time (Yii & Asah S 64913; Hou 403). The species is close to A. meyeri var. macilentum, which differs mainly in the presence of a minute but distinct indument. In the cited collections the red-brown calyx limb contrasts with the yellowish ovary and corolla in bud.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C0107B602FCEEFE33D610F9B1.taxon	description	Differs from resembling A. hollrungii in twigs, inflorescences and flowers hairy (glabrous in A. hollrungii), thicker twigs, c. 0.5 mm (c. 0.3 mm in A. hollrungii). — Type: Ledermann 9818 (holo L L. 2497874; iso B †), Papua New Guinea, April River, 200 – 400 m alt., 22 Nov. 1912, fl. Alangium meyeri auct. non Merr.: Melch. & Mansf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60 (1925) 163. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Swiss botanist Carl Ludwig Ledermann, who in 1912 / 13 joined an expedition along the Empress Augusta River (Sepik River). Small or medium tree, 4 – 20 m tall; twigs dark grey-brown, c. 5 mm diam, glabrescent from scurfy hairs c. 0.3 mm long; leaf bud not seen. Leaves: petiole 1 (– 1.4) mm long; lamina drying greenish brown, glabrous, elliptic, 9 – 12 by 4.5 – 7 cm, base slightly asymmetric, (broadly) rounded, apex short acute-acuminate; veins pinnate, 8 – 12 on each side; tertiary venation finely scalariform-reticulate. Inflorescences densely finely hairy (hairs 0.2 – 0.3 mm long), of 1 or 2 main branches (peduncles) from the leaf axils, 4 – 20 - flowered; peduncle (s) 4 – 8 mm long. Flowers (submature buds) densely scurfy hairy; pedicel 1 – 2 mm long; corolla in bud 8 – 9 mm long, base not swollen, apex acute; ovary and calyx c. 4 mm long, limb c. 1 mm long, at margin 2.5 – 3 mm wide, not or hardly lobed; petals 6, inside almost glabrous, c. 10 mm long; stamens 6; filament c. 1 mm long, glabrous, not thickened, anther c. 6 mm long, connective glabrous; style densely hairy, c. 4 mm long, stigma (short) conical. Fruit not known. Distribution — Papua New Guinea (East Sepik). Habitat & Ecology — Dense, moist primary rain forest with ferns and mosses; 200 – 400 m altitude; flowering in November. Proposed IUCN (2012) conservation assessment — Data Deficient (DD), although there is concern as the species has been collected only twice. Note — Alangium ledermannii is only known from two collections from Sepik area: Ledermann 9818, the type, and Ledermann 9795, collected between 1912 and 1913.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C0107B60CFCEEF983D1E0FD55.taxon	description	Alangium maliliense Bloemb. (1935) 286; (1939) 214, f. 8, 10 cc, dd. — Lecto- type, here designated: Cel / V 161 (= Waturandang 43) (BO; iso L L 0009824), Central Sulawesi, Malili near Kawata, c. 300 m alt., 27 Sept. 1932, fl. Tree 15 ‒ 35 m tall; twigs brown, 1.5 – 2.5 mm diam, with dense stellate-dendroid bright brown hairs 0.3 ‒ 0.5 (‒ 1) mm long; leaf bud curved, similarly densely hairy. Leaves: petiole 0.4 – 1 cm long, densely hairy; lamina drying greenish or blackish (leaden) brown, hairy (glabrescent above), (ovate or obovate) elliptic, 6 – 12 by 2.5 – 4.5 (‒ 6) cm, base (sub) symmetric, broadly rounded or faintly cordate (rarely short cuneate), apex short acute-acuminate; veins pinnate, 7 – 11 (– 15) on each side, almost loop-veined; tertiary venation fine, thin-reticulate or subscalariform. Inflorescences few-flowered, densely hairy, consisting of 1 or 2 single flowers, or of 1 or 2 main branches (peduncles) from the leaf axil, each few-branched, 1 - or 2 - (or 3 -) flowered; peduncle 5 ‒ 15 mm long. Flowers densely hairy; pedicel 1 – 5 mm long; corolla in bud (10 –) 12 ‒ 14 mm long, base somewhat swollen, apex rounded; ovary and calyx 3 – 4 mm long, not ribbed; limb 1 ‒ 1.5 mm long, not spreading, at margin 4 – 5 mm wide, with 5 (or 6) erect triangular lobes c. 0.5 mm long; petals (4 or) 5 or 6, inside minutely appressed hairy, (10 –) 12 – 15 mm long; stamens 5 or 6, filament (3 ‒) 4 – 5 mm long, densely long-hairy, thickened inside at apex, anther 6 – 10 mm long, connective glabrous; style densely hairy, (8 –) 10 ‒ 13 mm long, stigma narrow, conical. Fruit solitary or 2 (or 3) per infructescence, stellate-dendroid yellow-brown hairy as the flower, ellipsoid, 10 ‒ 27 mm long; calyx remnant minute. Distribution — Sulawesi, (N) Moluccas, NW Papua. There are 2 varieties.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C0109B60CFCEEFDB6D6BBF975.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Philippines. For convenience sake, 2 varieties are recognised.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C0109B60CFFA1FA92D730FDBB.taxon	description	Differs from the typical variety in indument composed of short hairs, 0.3 mm long, and small fruits, 10 ‒ 13 mm long. — Type: De Vogel 3867 (holo L L. 2500128; iso BO n. v.), Moluccas, Bacan, near Amasing Kali, S 0 ° 35 ' E 127 ° 28 ', 100 m alt., 4 Nov. 1974, fl. Etymology. The name celatum (Latin = hidden) refers to this long time unnoticed taxon. Indument composed of hairs c. 0.3 mm long. Fruit 1 ‒ 3 per infructescence, (dark) rusty brown, densely stellate-dendroid hairy (hairs 0.3 ‒ 0.5 mm long), ellipsoid, 10 ‒ 13 mm long, not ribbed, drying coarsely wrinkled; calyx remnant as calyx limb in flower. Distribution ― N Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, Bacan), NW Papua (Vogelkop, Biak). Habitat & Ecology ― Primary forest, in flat terrain and slop- ing hill side; loamy soil with stones, sandy clay soil, rocky soil; from sea level to 100 m altitude; flowering in November (one collection); fruiting in May, July and October, but most collections sterile. Field-notes ― Many buttresses; bark smooth, not peeling. Vernacular names — Gahihi (Morotai), Sigoeheel (Manikiong), Sewit (Karoon), Semena (Mooi), Mangoam (Biak), Aibifor (Noemfoor). Additional specimens studied. MOLUCCAS, Morotai, Main & Aden 828, Tjaw, 30 m alt., 17 May 1949, st.; Tangkilisan bb 33865, Tobelo, 30 m alt., 18 May 1949, fr.; Tangkilisan bb 33866, Tobelo, 30 m alt., 18 May 1949, fr.; Tangkilisan bb 33870, Tobelo, 30 m alt., 18 May 1949, fr.; Kostermans bb 33786, Tobelo, 70 m alt., 7 May 1949, st.; Kostermans bb 33919, 40 m alt., 14 July 1949, fr. Halmahera, Weda, Neth. Ind. For. Service bb 24861, Tiloppe, 25 m alt., 18 Apr. 1938, st.; Neth. Ind. For. Service bb 24883, Tiloppe, 25 m alt., 1 May 1938, st.; Neth. Ind. For. Service bb 24884, Tiloppe, 1 May 1938, st.; Neth. Ind. For. Service bb 24909, Tiloppe, 4 May 1938, st. – PAPUA, Biak, Jarissetouw BW 595, 15 Mar. 1954, st.; Moll BW 9573, near Mansforbo, 35 m alt, 14 Nov. 1959, st.; Moll BW 9628, near Mansforbo, 35 m alt., 19 Nov. 1959, st. Sorong, Moll BW 11702, Warsamson Valley, 30 m alt., 2 Aug. 1961, st.; Versteegh BW 4632, Sausapor, 15 m alt., 20 Oct. 1956, st. Note — The here recognised varieties are very similar in- deed, but have quite different facies, especially by drying colour. Bloembergen (1939) placed a number of sterile collections of the present var. celatum in a new, but not formally described, subspecies of A. villosum.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C0108B60DFFA1FD8AD29FF907.taxon	description	Differs from the typical variety in slender twigs, and leaf blade, corolla in bud and fruit all smaller. — Type: Wood A 4101 (holo L L 0521507; iso A n. v., BRI n. v., KEP n. v., SING), Borneo, Sabah, Kalabakan, 30 miles WNW of Tawau, 100 m alt., 24 Nov. 1954, fl. Etymology. The name macilentum (Latin = meager) refers to the delicate stature of the twigs with smaller leaves, flowers, and fruit. Tree 10 – 25 m tall. Twigs 1.5 – 2 (– 2.5) mm diam, minutely hairy (hairs 0.1 mm long or less). Inflorescences 1 – 2 - flowered. Corolla in bud c. 8 mm long; ovary and calyx minutely hairy. Fruit 1 (or 2) per infructescence, minutely hairy, not or late glabrescent, 15 – 20 mm long. Distribution — Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, E Kalimantan). Habitat & Ecology — Primary forest, ridge of mixed dipterocarp forest, presumably preferring poorer soils of ridges; dark brown soil, yellow and sandy clay; sea level to 200 m altitude. Field-notes — Small and low buttresses recorded. Additional specimens studied. SARAWAK, Wright et al. S 32266, 5 th Div., Sungai Medamit, 200 m alt., 9 Oct. 1972, fr.; Paie S 15123, Bintulu, Segan Forest Reserve, 23 Nov. 1961, fr.; Othman et al. S 43369, 7 th Div., Sungai Semawat, 22 Oct. 1981, f. – SABAH, Patrick SAN 36750, Sandakan, Sepilok Forest Reserve, 15 May 1963, fl.; Enggo BNBFD 10450, Sandakan, Sepilok Forest Reserve, 30 m alt., 22 July 1939, st.; Elmer 21176, Tawau; Elmer 21447, Tawau; Sinanggul SAN 54534, Lahad Datu, Kelumpang Forest Reserve, 100 m alt., fl. – KALIMANTAN, Saridan 410, E Kalimantan, Kotawaringin, 50 m alt., Nov. 1993, fr. Note — Alangium meyeri var. macilentum denotes specimens of A. meyeri which differ from the type variety in their diminutive habit; it approaches A. kayuniga, which differs chiefly in almost lacking any indument. Alangium meyeri var. macilentum also links up with meager specimens provisionally reckoned as belonging to A. javanicum from SE Kalimantan, the latter distinct in a much more conspicuous indument of hairs c. 0.5 mm long on twig apex and leaf bud. With magnification one can see that var. macilentum has a dense covering of minute hairs less than 0.1 mm long.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C0108B60DFFA1F96AD0E9FA94.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah (2 collections), W, C, and E Kalimantan). Habitat & Ecology — Primary and old secondary lowland mixed dipterocarp forest, often near rivers; yellow, sandy, and red clay soil; from sea level to 300 – 1000 (– 1660 (Mikil SAN 41761, Trusmadi FR )) m altitude; flowering and fruiting all year round, but most in October. Field-notes — Mature fruits dull reddish or dull purple; buttresses and small or large stilt roots recorded. Vernacular names — Midong (Iban), Ridan (E Kalimantan). Notes — 1. Alangium mezianum is close to A. borneense, the latter generally with smaller dimensions in most parts, and differing especially in a more conspicuous indument of the curved leaf bud. 2. Alangium mezianum appears to be even in its here conceived restricted sense a variable entity, especially in its general appearance. Beside about 30 collections studied there can be some 10 collections separated as somewhat doubtful as they show traits intermediate with A. borneense, viz. Brunei: Suzuki & Miyamoto K 13266. – Sarawak: Abang S 48002, Chai S 34677, Hansen 918 & 943, Jacobs 5359, Luang S 21882 & S 22478, Paie S 28242. – Sabah: Mikil SAN 41761 (in Berhaman (1994) as A. javanicum var. meyeri). – E Kalimantan: Church et al. 955 & 2018.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C0108B60FFCEEFA9FD2C0FBF2.taxon	description	Alangium javanicum (Blume) Wangerin var. minahassicum Bloemb. (1935) 284, f. 5 w, x; (1939) 220. — Lectotype, here designated: Beguin 2262 (L L. 2497856; iso BO), Moluccas, Halmahera, W Pitoe, 80 m alt., 23 Nov. 1922., fr. Tree 10 – 30 (– 40) m tall; twigs grey or (dark) brown, 2 – 4 mm diam, early glabrescent from minute hairs less than 0.1 mm long; leaf bud minutely hairy. Leaves: petiole 0.5 – 1.2 cm long; lamina drying greenish or blackish brown, glabrous, (ovate-) elliptic, 8 – 18 by 3 – 8.5 cm, base not or hardly asymmetric, rounded or cuneate, apex acute-acuminate; veins all pinnate, 5 – 8 on each side; tertiary venation thinly (inconspicuously) scalariform. Inflorescences subglabrous (hairs less than 0.1 mm long), of 1 or 2 main branches (peduncles) in the leaf axil, each shortly branched, 2 – 6 - flowered; peduncle (s) 3 – 12 mm long. Flowers minutely hairy; pedicel 2 – 3 mm long; corolla in bud 12 – 20 mm long, apex (sub) acute; ovary and calyx 4 – 5 mm long, (faintly) ridged, limb saucer-shaped, c. 1.5 mm long, at margin 4 – 6 mm wide, straight, unlobed or faintly lobed, or irregularly torn; petals 6, inside subglabrous, 12 – 18 mm long; stamens 6, filament 2 – 5 mm long, somewhat broadened at base, at apex densely hairy, anther c. 10 mm long, connective glabrous; style hairy, 10 – 15 mm long, stigma conical. Fruit 1 (or 2) per infructescence, drying black, minutely hairy, glabrescent, ovoid-ellipsoid, 25 – 35 by 15 – 18 mm, smooth; calyx remnant small. Distribution — Sulawesi (Manado), N Moluccas (Halmahera, Ternate, Bacan, Obi Isl., Buru, Seram). Habitat & Ecology — Primary forest, on hillside, steep terrain, near river bank; loamy soil with little humus, sandy soil, clayey soil with stones, black volcanic soil, on shale quartzite bedrock, also on limestone; from sea level to 700 m altitude; flowering and fruiting predominantly from October to December and March. Field-notes — Often recorded as a solitary tall tree with a straight bole; bark smooth; prop roots, buttresses, and small stilt roots exist; flowers very fragrant. The ripening colour of the fruit is not recorded. Vernacular names — Lansabonti poete, Wai Wai Bebudo (Ternate). Note — In the Leiden Herbarium there is a number of mainly sterile specimens from New Guinea, most of these collected by Boswezen (BW), which obviously belong, or are closely re- lated to A. minahassicum. These collections can be somewhat arbitrarily divided into the following two groups: 1. A group of 9 collections from north-western Papua, notably Warsamson valley, E of Sorong, which may represent a separate taxon, because of their relatively long petioles (1.5 –) 2.3 cm long. Among these, two collections are in fruit (fruit c. 25 mm long) and they could be linked up with A. hollrungii. The collections are: BW 2922 (fruit), Vink 17571 (fruit), BW 2958, BW 8496 (200 km W of Hollandia), BW 11175 (Japen Isl.), BW 12398, BW 12455, BW 12768, BW 13291. More fertile material is needed for a decision on their status. 2. A group of 4 collections, all sterile, from Adi Isl. (limestone), which may belong to A. minahassicum, but fertile material is needed to be certain. The collections are: BW 9959, BW 10152, BW 10154, BW 10155.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C010AB60FFFA1FB7CD6BBFDFF.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Sumatra (Palembang), Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, Kalimantan). Habitat & Ecology — In lowland dry forest, mixed dipterocarp forest, ridge bamboo forest, hill slope in kerangas forest, and along river banks; on sandstone, yellow clay, clayey soil, yellow sandy soil; from sea level to 700 m altitude; flowering and fruiting all year round. Field-notes — A very handsome large tree; plank buttresses 2 m high extending to 2 m over the ground, narrow; bole fluted to 5 m; bark smooth, thin; fruit reddish. Vernacular names — Mata oedang (Medang), Midong (Iban), Malapang gunung. Note — In the inflorescences the terminal (axillary) bud is usually obvious and the bracts (bracteoles) are to 5 mm long.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C010AB60AFCEEFD72D199FD6F.taxon	description	50 m alt., 6 Feb. 1928, fl. Alangium costatum auct. non (Boerl.) Boerl. ex King: King (1902) 78. Alangium ridleyi auct. non King: Evrard (1923) 1186; Tardieu (1968) 48. Alangium javanicum var. meyeri auct. non (Merr.) Berhaman: Berhaman (1994) 35, p. p. Tree 10 – 30 m tall; twigs brown, 2 – 4 (– 5) mm diam, at apex with (dense) minute hairs c. 0.1 mm long, glabrous or early glabrescent; leaf bud straight, with short minute, scale-like hairs c. 0.1 mm long. Leaves: petiole 1.2 – 1.5 cm long; lamina drying (greenish) brown, glabrous (early glabrescent), elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 12 – 25 (– 30) by 4 – 10 cm, base symmetric, (rounded or) short or long-attenuate, apex acute-acuminate; veins pinnate, 8 – 15 per side, loop-veined towards apex of lamina; tertiary venation reticulate or thin-scalariform. Inflorescences glabrous (or minutely hairy), of 1 – 3 main branches (peduncles) from the leaf axil, each few-branched, 1 – 5 (– 10) - flowered; peduncle (s) to 10 mm long. Flowers minutely hairy (hairs c. 0.1 mm long); pedicel 2 – 4 mm long; corolla in bud 12 (– 15) mm long, not swollen at base, apex subobtuse; ovary and calyx 2 – 4 mm long, usually 10 – 12 - ribbed; limb ± spreading, 1 (– 2) mm long, at margin 3.5 – 4 mm wide, subtruncate with straight or (faintly) lobed margin; petals 6, minutely hairy (appearing as glabrous) inside, 12 – 15 mm long; stamens 6, filament c. 4 mm long, hairy in upper part, not thickened at base, anther c. 8 mm long, connective glabrous; style hairy, 8 – 10 mm long, stigma narrowly conical. Fruit 1 – 3 per infructescence, ripening purplish, (sub) glabrous, ovoid-ellipsoid, 20 – 30 (– 35) mm long, usually (irregularly) coarsely bluntly (6 –) 10 – 12 - ribbed; calyx remnant short, c. 5 mm wide. Distribution — India (Nicobar Isl.), Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam; in Malesia: Sumatra (Aceh, Lankat), Peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Kedah, Terengganu, Selangor), Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, Kalimantan, Natuna Isl.). Habitat & Ecology — Primary forest, mixed dipterocarp forest, dipterocarp forest, flatland, hillside, sandy ridges, and along rivers; yellow clayey soil; 30 – 700 m altitude; flowering and fruiting all year round. Uses ― Wood for constructions and canoes. Field-notes ― Van Balgooy et al. 5357: “ fruit purple, 1 seed covered by a white sweet sour juicy carcotesta, edible, favourite food of pigs and primates, very common ” and Argent 9615 et al. “ tree with bright red edible fruit, brought into camp to be eaten ”. Bark whitish or whitish brown; stilt roots and buttresses recorded. Vernacular names ― Taramajang boeloeh (Aceh), Jadam (Malay), Midong or Midung (Iban), Senumpul, Pangoron (Batak). Notes — 1. Marlea costata Boerl. was described on material cultivated in the Botanical Garden in Bogor, grown from seed said to be collected by Teijsmann (?) in S Sumatra. This material (in L) is at present relegated to A. javanicum. 2. It could be imagined that three here accepted species, viz. A. oblongum, A. meyeri, and A. ridleyi are exponents of one single species, only differing in sizes and in facies, as there seem to be sufficient intermediates to connect them. However, we do not believe this, as it readily appears incredible to unite e. g. ‘ typical’ A. ridleyi from Singapore, a plant with robust twigs, with A. meyeri, a plant of much more delicate stature, from Luzon. On the other hand, also A. javanicum (a species with obvious hairy leaf bud, and small fruits, 15 – 20 mm long), seems to intergrade with A. meyeri, typically with an indument of minute scale-like hairs. In this way, the ‘ javanicum complex’ problem, as alluded to in the introduction, is replaced by a smaller ‘ oblongum complex’ problem which again needs further study; probably some more not yet defined taxa are involved. 3. Some specimens here included in A. oblongum are cited under A. javanicum var. meyeri by Berhaman (1994).	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C010FB60AFFA1FCC1D653FCBB.taxon	description	Differs from resembling A. ebenaceum in leaves drying greenish brown below and corolla sparsely minutely hairy (leaves drying purplish below and corolla densely hairy in A. ebenaceum) and from resembling A. meyerii in pale twigs contrasting with blackish brown peduncles (twigs and petioles brown in A. meyeri). — Type: Kostermans 21328 (holo L L 0521448; iso A n. v., BO, CANB n. v., G n. v., K K 000271862, NY n. v., P P 00542866, SAR n. v., SING, US n. v.), E Kalimantan, Berau, Mt Njapa on Kelai River, 100 m alt., 17 Oct. 1963, fr. Etymology. The specific epithet pallens (Latin = pale) refers to the pale brown or whitish twigs. Tree 10 – 35 m tall; twigs pale brown or whitish, contrasting with blackish drying colour of petioles and peduncles, 2 – 5 mm diam, glabrous, sometimes ± angular; leaf bud pale brownish hairy, hairs short or long, 0.1 – 0.3 (‒ 0.5) long. Leaves: petiole drying blackish, 0.6 – 2 cm long; lamina drying (greenish) brown, glabrous, elliptic or oblong, 10 – 23 by 4 – 9 cm, base subsymmetric, rounded or cuneate, apex acute-acuminate; veins pinnate, 8 – 18 on each side, occasionally loop-veined; tertiary venation faintly scalariform. Inflorescences (sub) glabrous, drying blackish, of 1 or 2 main branches (peduncles) from the leaf axil, each few-branched, 1 – 4 (– 6) - flowered; peduncle (s) 5 – 15 mm long. Flowers (sparingly) minutely stellate hairy; pedicel 1.5 – 3 mm long; corolla in bud 10 – 13 mm long, not swollen at base, apex bluntish or (sub) acute; ovary and calyx 3 – 4 mm long, ± not ribbed; limb broadly saucer-shaped, c. 1.5 mm long, margin 4 – 5 mm wide, not or hardly lobed; petals 5, inside sparingly hairy, 12 – 15 mm long; stamens 5, filament 1.5 – 3 mm long, inside near apex thickened and hairy, anther 8 – 10 mm long, connective glabrous; style (sparingly) hairy, c. 10 mm long, stigma blunt-conical. Fruit 1 – 3 per infructescence, ripening (pink or) red, drying blackish, glabrous, ± flattish, ovoid-ellipsoid, 20 – 32 by 13 – 20 mm, smooth or thinly multi-lined; calyx remnant small, narrow. Distribution — (West) Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia (Pahang, Terengganu), Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, E Kalimantan). Habitat & Ecology — Primary and secondary forest, on river banks, sand stone rocks; brownish sandy soil, sandstone, and limestone; from sea level to 700 m altitude; flowering in March, May, June, October; fruiting in March, May, July, August, December. Field-notes — Strongly fluted trunk and buttresses recorded; fruit ripening pink-red or wine-red. Vernacular names — Kondolon (Dusun), Ladjik (E Kalimantan (Sangkulirang )). Proposed IUCN (2012) conservation assessment — Least Concern (LC). Additional specimens studied. SUMATRA, LaumonierTFB 4530, Sebelah Nature Reserve, 600 m alt., 23 May 1983, fr.; Laumonier TFB 4564, ditto, fr. – PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, Whitmore FRI 8573, Pahang, Sungai Tembeling, 5 m alt., 6 Mar. 1968, fl.; Whitmore FRI 4391, Kelantan, Sungai Lebir Kechil, 160 m alt., 17 Sept. 1967, fl. – SARAWAK, Lee S 44284, 2 nd Div., Gunong Lesong, 450 m alt., 3 Dec. 1981, fr. – SABAH, Lantoh SAN 83186, Kinabatangan, Sungai Inarat, 700 m alt., 12 May 1976, fl.; Minjulu SAN 77013, Kunak, Madai, 13 Aug. 1973, fr.; Mariyoh et al. SAN 128850, Lahad Datu, Danum Valley, 11 June 1990, fr.; Ampuria SAN 36521, Kinabatangan, Bolungun Hill, 40 m alt., 3 June 1963; Gibot SAN 37144, Tawau, Meretai Besar, 230 m alt., 29 July 1963, fr.; Madani SAN 90138, Kunak, Tingkayu Forest Reserve, 100 m alt., 14 Mar. 1979, fl.; Amin et al. SAN 107114, Tongod, Sungai Pinangah, 13 Oct. 1984, fl.; Kumin SAN 107985, Kinabatangan, Meliau, 20 Oct. 1986, fl.; Meijer SAN 141552, Sandakan, Sepilok Forest Reserve, 18 Aug. 1994, st.; Campbell 204, Lahad Datu, Palum Tambun Nature Trail, 1 July 1991, fr. – KALIMANTAN, Kostermans 13256, East Kalimantan, Sangkulirang, Mt Medadem, 199 m alt., 30 July 1957, fr. Notes — 1. Stout specimens may be confounded with Alangium ebenaceum, the latter differing in leaves purplish below on drying. 2. Some specimens here included in A. pallens are cited under A. javanicum var. meyeri by Berhaman (1994).	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C010FB60AFCEEFCB6D6BBF786.taxon	description	Most similar to A. hollrungii but differing in hairy filaments and hairy petals within (filaments glabrous and petals glabrous within in A. hollrungii). — Type: Gafui et al. BSIP 8666 (holo L L. 2497913; iso BSIP), Solomon Isl., N Kolombangara, 18 Jan. 1968. Etymology. The specific epithet plumbeum (Latin = leaden grey) refers to the drying colour of the leaves. Tree 6 – 20 m tall; twigs pale brown or grey, 1 – 3 mm diam, glabrous (early glabrescent from hairs 0.1 mm long or less); leaf bud densely grey-brown hairy (hairs c. 0.1 mm long). Leaves: petiole 0.5 – 1 cm long; lamina drying blackish brown with a leaden grey tinge, glabrous, elliptic, 9 – 16 by 4 – 7 cm, base symmetric, cuneate or rounded, apex acute-acuminate; veins pinnate, 5 or 6 on each side; tertiary venation thin, reticulate-scalariform. Inflorescences minutely hairy (hairs less than 1 mm long), of 1 (or 2) branches (peduncle (s )) from the leaf axil, each few-branched, with 1 – 4 (– 5) flowers; peduncle (s) 2 – 7 mm long. Flowers hairy as the inflorescences; pedicel 1 (– 2) mm long; corolla in bud 7 – 11 mm long, not swollen at base, apex subacute or narrowly rounded; ovary and calyx 3 – 4 mm long, finely ribbed; limb c. 1.5 mm long, margin c. 3 mm wide, unlobed or minutely toothed; petals 5, inside minutely hairy, 11 (– 15) mm long; stamens 5, filament 1.5 ‒ 3 mm long, broadened (except at apex), inside and at apex hairy, outside glabrous or hairy, anther 7 ‒ 10 mm long, connective glabrous; style hairy (except towards base), 8 – 12 mm long, stigma short-conical. Fruit 1 (or 2?) per infructescence, green, drying blackish, minutely sparsely hairy, glabrescent, ellipsoid (slightly narrowed at base and apex), 25 – 30 (– 35) by 12 – 15 mm, smooth; calyx remnant small. Distribution — Solomon Isl., widespread; in Malesia: Papua New Guinea (Bougainville Isl., only known from Gideon LAE 78669, a sterile specimen). Habitat & Ecology — Primary & secondary forest, also swamp forest; on sandstone; at low altitudes; flowering April to July; fruiting in November, January and May. Field-notes — Thin plank-like buttresses; flowers purplewhite or cream. Proposed IUCN (2012) conservation assessment — Least Concern (LC), as the species is widespread in the Solomon Isl.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C0111B614FCEEFAF2D77DF93F.taxon	description	We have not found the Jaheri collection and we do not know whether Bloembergen when describing the variety had a leafy twig at hand or only fruit, but we assume that the described fruit belongs to the section Conostigma. The variety may belong to A. minahassicum (fruit smooth) or to A. hollrungii (fruit presumably smooth). When the described ribs are not an artefact, it may represent a distinct taxon.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C0111B614FFA1FF7CD2B9F8C2.taxon	distribution	Distribution — S Peninsular Thailand; in Malesia: Sumatra (Simeuleu Isl., Bangka, S Sumatra, Riau), Peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Perak, Trengganu, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembi- lan, Johor), Singapore, Borneo (E Kalimantan; doubtful in C Kalimantan & Sabah). Habitat & Ecology — Primary forest, mixed dipterocarp forest, hillside, undulating country, flatland, rocky valley, rocky ridge crest, rocky riverbank; granite; from sea-level to 550 m altitude; flowering February to October; fruiting January, May, July, October to November. Field-notes — Whitmore 8929: “ fruit green, slightly ribbed, turning pinkish magenta, with a sour translucent juicy aril ”. Stilt-roots and buttresses sometimes present; bark smooth; flowers fragrant. Vernacular names ― Taramajang pajo, Medang mata oedang, Rengengit fatoeh, Medang sengeh, Melepangan paja (Sumatra); Mentulang (Malay). Note — Material from Borneo, at present treated under Alangium ridleyi, could be erroneously regarded as belonging to A. oblongum. As noted under A. oblongum, the distinction between the two species is not easy and sometimes not clear. In A. ridleyi, however, the filaments are broader, and hairy at the apex, in A. oblongum the filaments are comparatively nar- rower, and hairy almost all over.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
03C90C1C0111B614FFA1F8B1D6B8FB46.taxon	description	Distinct from all other Alangium species by the combination of the following characters: stout habit; densely hairy twigs leaf bud and inflorescences; petiole slender, 2 ‒ 4.5 cm long; lamina broad, 14 ‒ 27 by 7 ‒ 12 cm, with broadly rounded or shallowly cordate base; filaments glabrous. — Type: K. J. White NGF 10471 (holo SING SING 0208284; iso L L. 2497994, LAE), Papua New Guinea, Morobe Prov., Oomsis near Lae, 300 ft., 3 Mar. 1959, fl. & fr. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the leaf base. Tree 10 ‒ 40 m tall; twigs brown, 4 ‒ 6 mm diam, in apical portion densely hairy, the hairs rusty-brown, towards the apex grey, c. 0.5 mm long; leaf bud curved, with similar hairs. Leaves: petiole 2 ‒ 4.5 cm long; lamina drying (dark) greenish brown, glabrous, except veins below, broadly elliptic, 14 ‒ 27 by 7 ‒ 12 cm, base symmetric, broadly rounded or slightly cordate, apex acute-acuminate; veins pinnate, 8 ‒ 15 on each side, (faintly) loop-veined; tertiary venation (reticulate-) scalariform. Inflorescences hairy as the twig and leaf bud, single, few-branched, 1 ‒ 3 - flowered; peduncle 5 ‒ 10 mm long. Flowers hairy (hairs c. 0.5 mm long); pedicel 2 ‒ 3 (‒ 8) mm long; corolla in bud ± woody, 10 ‒ 13 mm long, not swollen at base, apex subobtuse; ovary and calyx 4 ‒ 7 mm long, faintly c. 10 - ribbed; limb not spreading, 1 ‒ 2 mm long, at margin 3.5 ‒ 5 mm wide, margin faintly 10 - lobed; petals 6, inside glabrous, 10 ‒ 13 mm long; stamens 6, filament 2.5 ‒ 3 mm long, not thickened, glabrous, anther 9 ‒ 10 mm long, connective glabrous; style densely hairy (except towards base), 10 ‒ 12 mm long, stigma narrowly conical. Fruit 1 (or 2?) per infructescence, ripening colour not recorded, (yellow-) brown hairy, ovoid (- ellipsoid), c. 30 by 20 ‒ 22 mm, not ribbed; calyx remnant short, 2 ‒ 2.5 by 5 ‒ 6 mm. Distribution ― Papua New Guinea (Morobe Prov.), known from 3 collections. Habitat & Ecology ― Primary rain forest, on slope and flat ground; 100 ‒ 150 m altitude; flowering in January and March; fruiting in March and September. Field-notes ― Strongly buttressed; bark grey brown or light grey, smooth, exfoliating in rounded flakes leaving a sculptured surface; fruit laterally compressed. Proposed IUCN (2012) conservation assessment — Data Deficient (DD), although there is concern as the species has been collected only thrice in a restricted area in lowland rain forest. Additional specimens studied. PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov., Kairo & Streimann NGF 25578, Oomsis, 300 ft., 24 Sept. 1964, fr.; Hartley TGH 11351, N of Lae, between Rivers Busu and Butibum, 4 Mar. 1963, 500 ft., fr.	en	Dewilde, W. J. J. O., Duyfjes, B. E. E. (2017): Taxonomy of Alangium section Conostigma (Alangiaceae). Blumea 62 (1): 29-46, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695164, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695164
