identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D68789FF88FFA7FD85291BFD628C03.text	03D68789FF88FFA7FD85291BFD628C03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thismia velaris Dancak, Sochor & Hrones 2025	<div><p>Thismia velaris Dančák, Sochor &amp; Hroneš, sp. nov. (Fig. 1 &amp; 2)</p><p>Diagnosis:— Thismia velaris is externally similar to T. malayana but differs by floral tube colourless translucent between veins (vs. brown in the upper half), flat annulus (vs. outer margin of annulus prominently raised), having three triangular lobes on supraconnective apex (vs. five appendages of three different shapes and sizes), and the central part of the lateral appendage elongated into membranaceous veil exceeding the apices of the supraconnective lobes (vs. central part of the lateral appendage without the veil, not exceeding the apex of the supraconnective appendages).</p><p>Type:— MALAYSIA. Sarawak: Kuching Division, Kuching District, Semenggoh Nature Reserve, lowland mixed dipterocarp forest 700 m WSW from the main entrance, 73 m a.s.l., 1.3970089° N, 110.3192761° E, 31 January 2023, Dančák &amp; Sochor BOR 30/23 (holotype SAR! [in spirit]).</p><p>Description:—Achlorophyllous herb, ca. 5–6 cm tall. Roots creeping, vermiform, ± horizontal, sparsely branched, ca. 1 mm thick, pale brown. Stem 3.5–4.0 cm long, erect or ascending (to creeping), smooth, cream to pale brown, bearing 1 or 2 flowers. Leaves 4.5–5 × ca. 2 mm, spirally arranged, appressed, scale-like, narrowly triangular, acute, entire, of the same colour as stem. Bracts subtending each flower 3, similar to leaves, but 7–8 mm long. Flower subsessile, generally actinomorphic (except for floral tube), ca. 14–20 mm long. Floral tube 10–15 mm long, 8.3–9.0 mm wide, asymmetric; its shape ranging from ± cylindrical in the basal fifth, then conspicuously protuberant at one side, slightly narrowed at above the half and widest at the upper quarter to sixth, to the wider part of floral tube inclined at an angle to the narrow basal part and the ovary; outer surface ± smooth, colourless to whitish, sometimes with orange-brownish tinge in upper third, translucent, with 12 orange to brown longitudinal veins slightly protruding above the surface of the tube as low ribs; inner surface with colourless transverse bars. Annulus thin, flat, hardly raised above the top of floral tube, outer margin circular to hexagonal, inner margin circular, transparent-yellow in the outer part, inner part brightly yellow to orangish and forming more or less distinct hexagonal figure. Tepals 6, equal in shape and size, 4–7 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide at base, narrowly triangular with arcuately widened base, translucent-yellow, pale orange to brown with three basally widened orange to brown stripes, gradually converging towards the apex; filiform appendage arising from the abaxial side of tepal, 6–8 mm long (measured from the tepal tip), tubular, apically unswollen, orange-brown or brown to dark brown, lighter at the apex. Stamens 6, pendent from the top of floral tube; filaments arcuately curved in both transversal and longitudinal view, sponge-like, yellow; connectives flattened, laterally connate to form a tube; each connective 5.5 × 2.0 mm, rounded and yellow at base, colourless and transparent in the middle; supraconnectives free, somewhat tapering, trilobed, blue, translucent; lobes triangular; lateral lobes ca. 0.9–1.0 mm long and 0.5–0.7 mm wide at base; the middle lobe ca. 0.4 × 0.3 mm; lateral appendage with two shallowly bilobed lateral wings each bearing several hairs, the middle part rather flat and extended downwards in the form of thin bluish-translucent veil rectangular in outline with the apical margin irregularly dentate-hairy, usually exceeding the apex of supraconnective lobes; interstaminal gland inserted on the line of fusion between connectives, globose. Style 1.3–1.5 mm long, brown to dark reddish-brown; stigma 3-lobed, lobes 1.3–1.4 mm long, bifid to ca. 1/4 of its length, papillate, very dark brown. Ovary inferior, ca. 3.5 × 3–4 mm, obconical, slightly verrucose, pale brown, darker on top. Fruit an obconical orangish capsule (ripe fruit not seen). Seeds not seen.</p><p>Additional field records: — MALAYSIA. Sarawak: Kuching Division, Kuching District, Bako National Park [without precise locality], 22 February 2011, photo Katarina Stenman (www.inaturalist.org/observations/102264309) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.319275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3970089" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.319275/lat 1.3970089)">Semenggoh Nature Reserve</a>, lowland mixed dipterocarp forest 700 m WSW from the main entrance, 73 m a.s.l., 1.3970089° N, 110.3192761° E, 1 February 2024, photo M. Hroneš &amp; A. Uvírová .</p><p>Habitat: —The type population was found in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest on a gentle slope with several shallow longitudinal depressions near a small running stream, indicating moderate humidity and a well-developed humus layer. Habitat at the second locality is not known.</p><p>Distribution: — Thismia velaris is known from two localities in western Sarawak. In addition to the type locality in Semenggoh Nature Reserve, a single individual was observed in Bako National Park.</p><p>Conservation status: —While the extent of occurrence (EOO) of T. velaris cannot be calculated from two points, the area of occupancy (AOO) is formally estimated at 8 km 2. Both known populations occur within protected areas (a nature reserve and a national park), and no population decline can be inferred or projected. However, the number of currently known individuals is markedly less than 50, and T. velaris is therefore preliminarily assigned a IUCN Red List status CR (D) according to the guidelines of the IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2025).</p><p>Etymology: —The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word velum (veil, curtain), referring to the unique veil-like structure hanging from the lateral appendage of the stamen.</p><p>Notes: —Besides its distinctive colouration (Fig. 1), Thismia velaris is notable for the protruding to ventricose wall of its floral tube, a feature more closely resembling the unrelated Neotropical T. panamensis (Standley 1927: 163) Jonker (1938: 234) than the Old World congeners. Although some of the Old World Thismia species can be described as having zygomorphic floral tube, e.g. T. abei (Akasawa 1950: 193) Hatusima (1976: 7), T. cornuta Hroneš, Sochor &amp; Dančák in Hroneš et al. (2018: 111) and T. pappilata Nuraliev &amp; Yudina in Nuraliev et al. (2024: 262), their tube is either simply bent or bent and displaced from the ovary axis. On the other hand, the floral tube of T. velaris is typically cylindrical in its basal fifth, conspicuously protuberant on one side, slightly narrowed above the midpoint, and widest in the upper quarter to sixth.</p><p>Among the Old World species of Thismia, T. velaris shows considerable morphological resemblance to several species found in Borneo and the Malay Peninsula, namely T. chrysops Ridley (1895: 323), T. inconspicua Sochor &amp; Dančák in Sochor et al. (2017: 264), T. kinabaluensis T. Nishioka &amp; Suetsugu in Nishioka et al. (2018: 174) and T. malayana Siti-Munirah, Hardy-Adrian, Mohamad-Shafiq &amp; Irwan-Syah in Siti-Munirah et al. (2024: 230). Thismia inconspicua from Borneo and T. malayana from the Malay Peninsula are also genetically related to T. velaris . These three species form a distinct clade among the other Thismia sect. Thismia subsect. Odoardoa species (Fig. 5). Morphologically, all the five above mentioned species share a distorted floral tube that is bent and displaced from the ovary axis. Apart from the more common morphotype of T. velaris with ventricose floral tube (Fig. 1A), in some individuals, the floral tube is shifted from the ovary axis, resembling the bent and displaced floral tube seen in the aforementioned species (Fig. 1B). This variability suggests that floral tube shape alone may not suffice to distinguish T. velaris from these species. The structure of the connectives, however, provides a clear distinction. Thisimia chrysops, T. inconspicua, T. kinabaluensis and T. malayana, are characterized by a supraconnective with two claviform appendages, which are absent in T. velaris . In addition, T. velaris features a uniquely shaped lateral stamen appendage, which is elongated in the middle, hanging downward in the form of a translucent rectangular veil. This structure has not been documented in any other Thismia species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D68789FF88FFA7FD85291BFD628C03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dančák, Martin;Hroneš, Michal;Sochor, Michal;Uvírová, Alena;Blažek, Vojtěch Tobias;Yunoh, Siti-Munirah Mat;Yiing, Ling Chea	Dančák, Martin, Hroneš, Michal, Sochor, Michal, Uvírová, Alena, Blažek, Vojtěch Tobias, Yunoh, Siti-Munirah Mat, Yiing, Ling Chea (2025): Thismia velaris and T. dasyantha, two new species of Thismia section Thismia subsect. Odoardoa (Thismiaceae) from Sarawak, Malaysia. Phytotaxa 715 (2): 117-128, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.715.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.715.2.2
03D68789FF8CFFAAFD852F95FED38E73.text	03D68789FF8CFFAAFD852F95FED38E73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thismia dasyantha Dancak, Sochor & Hrones 2025	<div><p>Thismia dasyantha Dančák, Sochor &amp; Hroneš, sp. nov. Fig. 3 &amp; 4</p><p>Diagnosis: — Thismia dasyantha is distantly similar to T. pallida but differs in annulus indistinct, flat, with opening ca. 1 mm in diameter (vs. annulus distinct, raised, with opening ca. 2 mm), the opening resembling a schematic outline of a hexamerous angiosperm flower (vs. opening circular), tepals basally connate, 2.5–3 mm wide at the base (vs. free, ca. 2 mm wide at the base), tepal appendages 10–14 mm long (vs. ca. 3 mm long), three appendages (vs. five appendages) on supraconnective apex, the middle appendage being the shortest (vs. the longest), and stigma lobes deeply bifid (vs. shallowly notched).</p><p>Type: — MALAYSIA. Sarawak: Bintulu Division, Tatau District, Rumah Agau, small patch of primary lowland mixed dipterocarp forest 900 m NW from the longhouse, 50 m a.s.l., 2.6346689N, 112.9343375E, 21 November 2023, Dančák &amp; Hroneš MDMH 2023/32 (holotype SAR! [in spirit]).</p><p>Description:—Achlorophyllous herb, ca. 4–6 cm tall. Roots creeping, vermiform, ± horizontal, sparsely branched, ca. 1 mm thick, pale brown. Stem 2.5–4 cm long, erect or ascending, smooth, pale brown, bearing 1 or 2 flowers. Leaves 3.0–4.5 × 1.4–2.1 mm, spirally arranged, appressed, scale-like, narrowly triangular, acute, entire, of the same colour as stem. Bracts 3, similar to leaves but 7–12 × 1.7–3 mm. Flowers subsessile, actinomorphic,</p><p>ca. 12–16 mm long. Floral tube 9–11 mm long, 6–7.5 mm wide at the apex, symmetric, campanulate to funnelshaped; outer surface pale brown, sometimes tinged with orange or pink, set by few to numerous whitish verrucae up to 1.5 mm long, with 12 red to brown longitudinal veins clearly extending above the surface of the tube as low ribs; inner surface with whitish to cream reticulation, without transvers bars. Annulus indistinct, thin, flat, with gradual transition to tepal bases, brown to red-brown; opening very narrow, distinctly raised above the surface; inner margin forming a hexaradial figure resembling a schematic outline of a hexamerous angiosperm flower. Tepals 6, equal in shape and size, 4–6 mm long, 2.5–3 mm wide at base, narrowly triangular to broadly lanceolate in outline, fused with each other at the base, either uniformly pale brown to coral pink or bordered by darker shade; abaxial surface verrucose; filiform appendage arising from the abaxial side of tepal, 10–14 mm long (measured from the tepal tip), D-shaped in cross section (flat adaxially), apically unswollen, whitish to pinkish. Stamens 6, pendent from the top of floral tube; filaments arcuately curved in both transversal and longitudinal view, red-brown; connectives flattened, laterally connate to form a tube; each connective 3.6–3.9 × 1.5–1.8 mm, brown to red-brown at base, amber-coloured in the middle and colourless and translucent at the apex; supraconnectives free, apically with 3 appendages, outer appendages longer than the middle one; lateral appendage skirt-like, white translucent, with two bilobed lateral wings, the upper wing bearing several hairs; the middle part with dentate apical margin, not exceeding the apices of the supraconnective appendages; interstaminal gland inserted on the line of fusion between connectives, globose. Style ca. 0.8 mm long, dull grey-green to pinkish brown; stigma 3-lobed; lobes ca. 1 mm long, deeply bifid, hairy, concolorous with style or sometimes lighter. Ovary inferior, 3–3.7 × 3–4.5 mm, obconical, verrucose to hairy, cream to pale brown with dark vertical stripes in the upper half. Fruit an obconical pale brown capsule. Seeds not seen.</p><p>Additional field records: — MALAYSIA. Sarawak: Bintulu Division, Tatau District, Rumah Agau, small patch of primary lowland mixed dipterocarp forest 900 m NW from the longhouse, 50 m a.s.l., 2.6346689N, 112.9343375E, 3 December 2024, photo M. Hroneš.</p><p>Habitat: —The only population was found in lowland mixed dipterocarp forest on a steep slope at the bottom of a shallow valley in a small remnant of primary forest among logged forests and forest clearings.</p><p>Distribution: — Thismia dasyantha is only known from the type locality in central Sarawak.</p><p>Conservation status: —While the extent of occurrence (EOO) of T. dasyantha cannot be calculated from a single point, the area of occupancy (AOO) is formally estimated at 4 km ². However, the actual AOO is much smaller, as the only known population is confined to an isolated patch of primary forest not larger than 0.05 km ². Moreover, the site lies outside protected areas, and the number of known individuals is far below 50. Consequently, T. dasyantha is preliminarily assigned a conservation status of CR (B2ab, D) according to the guidelines of the IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2025).</p><p>Etymology: —The specific epithet is derived from the Greek words dasýs, meaning “hairy” and ánthos, meaning “flower”, referring to the prominent verrucae present on the outer surface of the floral tube, ovary and the abaxial side of the tepals, which resemble hairs.</p><p>Notes: — Thismia dasyantha does not show a close morphological similarity with any previously known species of the genus. It is unique within Thismia sect. Thismia subsect. Odoardoa by the combination of basally fused tepals (so far observed within T. sect Thismia subsect. Odoardoa only in T. annamensis) and hexaradial flower opening resembling a schematic outline of a hexamerous angiosperm flower (Fig. 3F). The other conspicuous feature of this species is the presence of verrucae covering the floral tube, ovary, and the outer surface of the tepals, particularly in flower buds and young flowers. The length (0.5–1.5 mm) and density of these verrucae vary among individual plants within the single known population, giving some individuals a “hairy” appearance (Fig. 3E). Although various terms are used to describe verrucae in other Thismia species, such as papillae in T. papillata Nuraliev &amp; Yudina (Nuraliev et al., 2024: 262) and tubercles in T. tuberculata Hatusima (1976: 4), the term “verrucae” is applied here in the same sense as e.g., in T. nigricoronata Kumar &amp; S.W. Gale (Kumar et al., 2017: 234) and T. viridistriata Sochor, Hroneš &amp; Dančák (Sochor et al., 2018) .</p><p>In the diagnosis, we stated the newly described species to be most similar to T. pallida Hroneš, Dančák &amp; Rejžek in Hroneš et al. (2018: 115), but the two species are not closely related phylogenetically (Fig. 5). Instead, in our phylogenetic reconstructions, T. dasyantha clusters with the morphologically distinct T. neptunis and T. cornuta . The former has traditionally been placed in T. sect. Thismia subsect. Brunonithismia Jonker (1938: 242) or in its own section, T. sect. Sarawakia Schlechter (1921: 35) . However, the delimitation between T. sect. Thismia subsect. Brunonithismia and T. sect. Thismia subsect. Odoardoa, as well as the relationships of T. sect. Sarawakia requires further investigation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D68789FF8CFFAAFD852F95FED38E73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dančák, Martin;Hroneš, Michal;Sochor, Michal;Uvírová, Alena;Blažek, Vojtěch Tobias;Yunoh, Siti-Munirah Mat;Yiing, Ling Chea	Dančák, Martin, Hroneš, Michal, Sochor, Michal, Uvírová, Alena, Blažek, Vojtěch Tobias, Yunoh, Siti-Munirah Mat, Yiing, Ling Chea (2025): Thismia velaris and T. dasyantha, two new species of Thismia section Thismia subsect. Odoardoa (Thismiaceae) from Sarawak, Malaysia. Phytotaxa 715 (2): 117-128, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.715.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.715.2.2
