taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D687E10D506424FF13FE30BC71FEBB.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Perrier-Les Etouaires, France. Age of the type locality: Late Pliocene, MN 16.	en	Sablin, M. V., Iltsevich, K. Yu. (2022): Early Pleistocene Caniformia from Palan-Tyukan (Azerbaijan). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 326 (2): 47-58, DOI: 10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47, URL: https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47
03D687E10D506424FF13FE30BC71FEBB.taxon	description	Description. The remains belong to two adult individuals. Upper teeth. The paracone and the metacone of the right M 1 (ZIN 34171 – 1, L = 10.0 mm; W = 12.7 mm) are partly destroyed, but equal in size; the protocone is large; the protoconule is evident (Fig. 1 A). The hypocone has a large base and is separated from the lingual cingulum by a small furrow. The cingulum is strong on the buccal and on the mesial sides. The small fragment of the second right M 1 (ZIN 34171 – 4) is too small for any precise description. The left M 2 (ZIN 34171 – 2, W = 8.4 mm) possesses a larger paracone compared to the metacone, a large protocone and smaller protoconule and metaconule (Fig. 1 B). The tooth is slightly damaged (part of enamel on the distal wall of the metacone is missing; the reconstructed M 2 length is approximately 7.0 mm). Lingually, there is a cingulum-like hypocone. The left C 1 (ZIN 34171 – 5, L = 6.0 mm; W = 4.5 mm) is broken, and considerably compressed buccolingually (Fig. 1 C). Right hemimandible. The specimen ZIN 34171 – 3 (Fig. 1 D, E and F) is not complete. The m 3 (L = 4.1 mm; W = 3.7 mm), the m 2 (L = 8.0 mm; W = 5.6 mm) and part of the m 1 (Wtal = 6.1 mm) are the only teeth present. The mandibular thickness (on m 1) is 6.8 mm. In occlusal view, the lower tooth row appears straight. The masseteric fossa is relatively deep. The m 1 talonid has a simplified structure; the hypoconid and entoconid are large (with hardly any difference in height between them). The apices of the hypoconid and entoconid are locat- ed on the same transverse axis. Between the metaconid and entoconid, there is one accessory cuspid. The m 2 is bean-shaped in occlusal view, with a conspicuous mesiobuccal cingulid (Fig. 1 F). The protoconid and metaconid are large and almost equal in size. On the talonid, there is a large hypoconid and a medium-sized metaconid. In occlusal view, the m 3 appears oval. Right ulna. The specimen ZIN 34171 – 6 is not complete. The lateral coronoid process is greatly reduced in comparison to the medial one (Fig. 1 G). The medial coronoid process is rather thin and compressed mediolaterally instead of expanding medially. The greatest breadth across the coronoid process is 16.6 mm.	en	Sablin, M. V., Iltsevich, K. Yu. (2022): Early Pleistocene Caniformia from Palan-Tyukan (Azerbaijan). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 326 (2): 47-58, DOI: 10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47, URL: https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47
03D687E10D506423FC99FBFDB8DEFEC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Upper Valdarno, Italy. Age of the type locality: Early Pleistocene, MNQ 18.	en	Sablin, M. V., Iltsevich, K. Yu. (2022): Early Pleistocene Caniformia from Palan-Tyukan (Azerbaijan). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 326 (2): 47-58, DOI: 10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47, URL: https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47
03D687E10D506423FC99FBFDB8DEFEC6.taxon	description	Description. The remains belong to one adult individual. Left hemimandible. The specimen ZIN 34173 (Fig. 2 B, C and D) is only partly preserved. The m 1 (L = 13.0 mm; Ltri = 8.4 mm; W = 5.5 mm), the m 2 (L = 3.3 mm; W = 3.6 mm) and part of the p 4 are the only teeth present. The horizontal branch has been fractured, damaging the robust p 4. The hemimandible appears stout and low. The inferior mandibular margin rises gently just beneath the m 1 talonid. The height of mandibular rami (on m 1) is 14.9 mm; the mandibular thickness (on m 1) is 7.3 mm; the massive index (height mandible corpus below m 1 / breadth mandible corpus at m 1) is 2.0. The masseteric fossa almost reaches the m 2. The m 1 is moderately worn. The protoconid is stout and well developed. The paraconid is well developed too (Fig. 2 D). The metaconid is not in line with the protoconid but located slightly posterior to the latter. The talonid is complete and we can see the well developed hypoconid. The m 2 is round-shaped in occlusal view.	en	Sablin, M. V., Iltsevich, K. Yu. (2022): Early Pleistocene Caniformia from Palan-Tyukan (Azerbaijan). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 326 (2): 47-58, DOI: 10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47, URL: https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47
03D687E10D506424FC99FE72BD3BFC08.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Upper Valdarno, Italy. Age of the type locality: Early Pleistocene, MNQ 18.	en	Sablin, M. V., Iltsevich, K. Yu. (2022): Early Pleistocene Caniformia from Palan-Tyukan (Azerbaijan). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 326 (2): 47-58, DOI: 10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47, URL: https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47
03D687E10D506424FC99FE72BD3BFC08.taxon	description	Description. The remains belong to one adult individual. Lower tooth. The right m 3 shape is egg-like (GIN 886 / 30, L = 17.7 mm; W = 16.5 mm) (Sotnikova and Sablin 1993). The specimen is slightly damaged (the distal wall of the talonid and part of enamel on the occlusal surface is missing) and heavily worn (Fig. 2 A). The reconstructed m 3 complete length may be of approximately 18.2 mm.	en	Sablin, M. V., Iltsevich, K. Yu. (2022): Early Pleistocene Caniformia from Palan-Tyukan (Azerbaijan). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 326 (2): 47-58, DOI: 10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47, URL: https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47
03D687E10D576423FF13F94FBA5BFCE1.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Pantalla, Italy. Age of the type locality: Early Pleistocene, MNQ 18.	en	Sablin, M. V., Iltsevich, K. Yu. (2022): Early Pleistocene Caniformia from Palan-Tyukan (Azerbaijan). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 326 (2): 47-58, DOI: 10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47, URL: https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47
03D687E10D576423FF13F94FBA5BFCE1.taxon	description	Description. The remains belong to one adult individual. Upper teeth. The left P 4 (ZIN 34247 – 1, W = 9.8 mm) has a triangular contour, is broad, and shows two morphologically distinct portions, the trigon labially and the talon lingually (Fig. 3 D). In the trigon, the high paracone is oriented almost vertically. The metacone is not preserved (the reconstructed P 4 length is approximately 13.6 mm). The parastyle is very well defined and pointed mesially to the paracone. The talon is broad (Ltal = 9.8 mm) covering more than two-thirds of the length of the trigonid. The occlusal outline of the left M 1 (ZIN 34247 – 2, L = 8.0 mm; W = 11.3 mm) is bean-shaped (Fig. 3 E). The paracone and the metacone are partially destroyed. The protocone is well developed. The talon is strongly projected distally. The central basin of the talon is concave. The hypocone is on the distolingual corner of the talon. The wear of both teeth is very advanced.	en	Sablin, M. V., Iltsevich, K. Yu. (2022): Early Pleistocene Caniformia from Palan-Tyukan (Azerbaijan). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 326 (2): 47-58, DOI: 10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47, URL: https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47
03D687E10D576423FF13FDCCBBF5FA4E.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Saint-Vallier, France. Age of the type locality: Early Pleistocene, MN 17.	en	Sablin, M. V., Iltsevich, K. Yu. (2022): Early Pleistocene Caniformia from Palan-Tyukan (Azerbaijan). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 326 (2): 47-58, DOI: 10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47, URL: https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47
03D687E10D576423FF13FDCCBBF5FA4E.taxon	description	Description. The remains belong to one adult individual. Upper teeth. The left P 4 (ZIN 34168 – 1, L = 9.9 mm; W = 8.3 mm) displays a high and buccolingually compressed paracone and a well-developed protocone (Fig. 3 A). This specimen has the cuspule on the precingulum at the base of the paracone, and displays a lingual ridge running from the apex of the paracone to the lingual margin of the tooth (A 1 category of Baryshnikov et al. 2002). The left M 1 (ZIN 34168 – 2, L = 14.4 mm; Lext = 9.7 mm; W = 11.9 mm) displays a trapezoid occlusal profile (Fig. 3 B). The paracone is slightly larger than the metacone, and the metaconule is situated somewhat distolingually to the metacone, thus creating a notch on the labial margin of the crown (B 1 or B 2 categories of Baryshnikov et al. 2002). The position of the root and the postprotocrista extension are both difficult to trace due to tooth wear. The talon is strongly projected distally. Left ulna. The specimen ZIN 34168 – 3 is not complete. The coronoid process is triangular-shaped and more marked in the lateral view (Fig. 3 C). The greatest breadth across the coronoid process is 19.4 mm.	en	Sablin, M. V., Iltsevich, K. Yu. (2022): Early Pleistocene Caniformia from Palan-Tyukan (Azerbaijan). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 326 (2): 47-58, DOI: 10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47, URL: https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47
