taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D62F4DA13AFFECCD5FFCB5FADF2325.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Endemic to Thailand. Habitat & Ecology — In limestone area, at 100 m elevation. Flowering and fruiting: October. Conservation status — The species is only known from the type specimen collected from Kaeng Khoi, Saraburi in 1926. This area has been dramatically changed by urban and industrial development. This species is at least Critically Endangered, CR B 1 a, b (i, iii, iv) + 2 a, b (ii, iii, iv), though it may be Extinct in the wild. The location was visited and no sign of the species exist and the habitat is now heavily impacted by the neighbouring town and cement factory. Note — Glossocarya longiflora has a longer corolla that distinguishes it from other species. The species is similar to G. siamensis based on leaf shape and fruit morphology, but it is recognised by having minute sessile glands on the lower leaf surface and the longer corolla, 13 – 16 mm long.	en	Bongcheewin, B., Paton, A. (2023): A taxonomic revision of Glossocarya (Lamiaceae: Ajugoideae) in Thailand. Blumea 68 (1): 52-62, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2023.68.01.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2023.68.01.05
03D62F4DA13AFFE3CE10FEE4FB532738.taxon	description	Glossocarya mollis Wall. ex Griff. (1843) 366. — Lectotype (designated here): Wallich, Numerical List nr. 1741 (lecto K-W [K 001114034]), Myanmar, Sagaing, Segacu Hills.	en	Bongcheewin, B., Paton, A. (2023): A taxonomic revision of Glossocarya (Lamiaceae: Ajugoideae) in Thailand. Blumea 68 (1): 52-62, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2023.68.01.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2023.68.01.05
03D62F4DA13AFFE3CE10FEE4FB532738.taxon	description	Map 1 Distribution of Glossocarya crenata H. R. Fletcher (*), G. longiflora H. R. Fletcher (✩), G. mollis Wall. ex Griff. (T), G. premnoides Ridl. (Δ) and G. siamensis Craib (v) in Thailand. late, 2 – 5 mm long. Flowering calyx obconical, 2 – 3 mm long; tube 2 – 2.5 mm diam at top, pubescent with long whitish subadpressed hairs outside, glabrous inside; lobes equal, triangular-ovate, 0.3 – 0.5 mm long, apex apiculate. Fruiting calyx campanulate, 4 – 5 mm long; tube 3 – 4 mm diam at top, strigose with short subadpressed hairs outside, glabrous inside; lobes broadly triangular, 0.3 – 0.5 mm long, with apex apiculate. Corolla white; tube 7 – 9 mm long, sparsely pubescent with short adpressed hairs outside, glabrous inside; lobes subequal, densely pubescent with outside, glabrous inside; the anterior lobe c. 4 by 2 mm, apex rounded, margins undulate; other lobes c. 3 by 2.5 mm, apex rounded or broadly acute, margins undu- late. Stamens inserted at corolla throat; filaments 12 – 15 mm long, glabrous; anthers oblong, 0.7 – 0.8 mm long, base sagit- tate. Style 23 – 25 mm long; branches subequal, 0.9 – 1.1 mm long. Fruit oblong or elliptic-oblong, 7 – 9 by 2.5 – 3 mm, pilose with long patent hairs and sparsely yellowish white glands on upper half, exserted from the calyx, glabrous on lower half within in the calyx; mericarps basally winged; seeds 4 – 5 mm long; carpophore present, obconical, (3 –) 4 – 5 mm long. Distribution — Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand (Northern: Chiang Mai, Tak, Nakhon Sawan. North-eastern: Phetchabun, Loei; Eastern: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; South-western: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan; Central: Lop Buri, Saraburi; South-eastern: Sa Kaeo, Chon Buri; Peninsular: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phatthalung, Trang, Songkhla), Papua New Guinea. Habitat & Ecology — On limestone hills and in secondary dry evergreen forest; at 30 – 170 (– 400) m elevation. Flowering and fruiting: March to December. Conservation status — Glossocarya mollis is a widespread species collected from various habitats in Thailand and the Least Concern (LC) category is applied. There are no obvi- ous threat leading to decline. Both AOO and EOO exceed the threshold for threatened categories. Specimens examined. Annandale 1832 (SING photo), Lower Siam, Kao Koh Sawan; Anonymous s. n. (BK [SN 260123]), Nakhon Ratchasima, Pak Chong; Bongcheewin 1124 (PBM), Saraburi, Chaloem Phra Kiat, Na Phra Lan, Wat Bencha Kiri Nakhon; Bongcheewin 1129 (PBM), Saraburi, Phra Phutthabat, Khun Khlon, Tham Makak; Bourke­Burrowes s. n. (BK), Phetch- abun, Pasak River; Chermsirivathana 105 (BK), Prachuap Khiri Khan, Khlong Wan; Collins 26 (BM, K); Collins 39 (BM, K); Collins 658 (K), Chon Buri, Si Racha; Damrongsak 378 (BKF), Nakhon Ratchasima, Pak Thong Chai, Wang Nam Khiao; Hosseus 5 (BM, K, L, M n. v., MO n. v., NY n. v., W n. v.), Bangkok, Menam, Bang-Ma-Loon; Kaew 16 (BKF), Prachuap Khiri Khan, Khao Chong Krachok; Kerr 3061 (BM, K), Tak, Kaeng Um La, Me Ping rapids; Kerr 4541 (AAU, ABD n. v., BK, BM, E n. v., P), Nakhon Sawan, Banphot Phisai, Ban Daen, Khao Sang; Kerr 7047 (BK, BM, E n. v., K, SING photo), Saraburi, Menam Pa Sak; Kerr 8770 (AAU, ABD n. v., BK, BM, K), Loei, Wang Saphung; Kerr 9135 (BK, BM, E n. v., K, P), Saraburi, Hin Lap; Kerr 10963 (BK, BM, K), Prachuap Khiri Khan, Sam Roi Yot; Kerr 11147 (AAU, B n. v., BK, BM, K), Surat Thani, Ko Tao; Kerr 19279 (BK, BM, K, SING photo), Phatthalung, Khao Hua Tek; Larsen et al. 1501 (AAU, L, LL n. v., P), Ratchaburi, Huai Yang; Larsen et al. 42121 (AAU, BKF), Songkhla, Ton Nga Chang, 20 km West of Hat Yai; Larsen et al. 45351 (AAU), Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan National Park, Khao Pa Karang; Marcan 1890 (BK, BM, E n. v.), Saraburi, Muak Lek; Maxwell 05 ­ 488 (BKF, L), Kanchanaburi, Sai Yok, summit of a ragged limestone hill at Wat Trai Rattanaram; Maxwell 05 ­ 700 (L), Saraburi, Mueang, Sam Lan National Park, Summit of Khao Krok; Maxwell 72 ­ 605 (AAU, BK), Chon Buri, Sattahip, Thung Prong; Maxwell 73 ­ 694 (AAU, BK), Saraburi, Mueang, Sam Lan; Maxwell 86 ­ 456 (BKF, L), Songkhla, Sadao, Padang Besar, Khao Rup Chang; Maxwell 86 ­ 505 (BKF, L), Phatthalung, Si Banphot, Khao Pu Khao Ya National Park; Maxwell 86 ­ 594 (BKF, L), Songkhla, Sadao, Padang Besar, Khao Rup Chang; Maxwell 92 ­ 686 (L, P), Chon Buri, Ko Sichang; Maxwell 93 ­ 139 (BKF, L), Chon Buri, Si Racha, south-east side of Ko Kwang; Middleton et al. 2214 (BKF, L), Prachuap Khiri Khan, Kaeng Krachan National Park; Niyomdham 3322 (BKF), Phangnga, Similun National Park, Ko 6; Niyomdham 3397 (BKF), Phangnga, Similun National Park, Ko 9; Noopakdee 7 (BKF), Saraburi, Phrabaht, Khao Nok Yung; Phengklai & Smitinand 6158 (BKF), Chiang Mai, Inthanon, Saithong Waterfall; Phonsena et al. 3535 (BKF), Sa Kaeo, Khlong Hat, Khao Lueam, Phonsea et al. 6244 (BKF), Lop Buri, Tha Wung, Khao Samo Khon; Pooma et al. 2975 (BKF), Lop Buri, Chai Badan, Na Som, Wat Khao Tambon; Pooma et al. 3089 (BKF), Prachuap Khiri Khan, Hua Hin, Pran Buri Forest Park, in front of Khao Lot spirit house; Pooma et al. 4668 (BKF, E n. v., K, L, P, SING photo), Lop Buri, Bandai Samsaen temple; Pooma et al. 5717 (BKF), Saraburi, Phra Phutthabat, Khun khlon, Tham Makak; Pooma et al. 6427 (BKF, E n. v.), Surat Thani, Ban Nasan, Phraphothisat Kuan-im; Pooma et al. 6640 (BKF, E n. v., L), Phatthalung, Mueang, Chai Buri, Roadside to Mueang Kao Chai Buri Forest Park; Pradit 526 (BK), Nakhon Ratchasima, Pak Thong Chai; Put 236 (ABD n. v., BK, BM, K), Prachuap Khiri Khan; Put 996 (BK, BM, K), Chumphon, Siepyuan; Put 4127 (BK, BM, E n. v., K, SING photo), Surat Thani, Kantuli; Robinson 6456 (K), Trang; Sangkhachand 1058 (BKF, K, L, P), Prachuap Khiri Khan, Khao Sam Roi Yot; Seelanan et al. 397 (BCU), Chon Buri, Ko Sichang; Shimizu et al. T­ 7603 (AAU, BKF, L), Prachuap Khiri Khan, Khao Chong Krachok; Smitinand 4829 (BKF, K, LL n. v.), Nakhon Ratchasima, Pak Chong; Smitinand & Fraser 42 (BKF), Prachuap Khiri Khan, Sam Roi Yot National Park; Smitinand & Sleumer 1092 (BKF, L), Nakhon Sawan, Takhli, Khao Takhli; Smitinand & Sleumer 1356 (BKF, K, L), Saraburi, Khao Song Phi Nong; Sutheesorn 673 (BK), Chaiyaphum, Khao Kong, 2736 (BK), Prachuap Khiri Khan, Sam Roi Yot, 3154 (BK), Nakhon Sawan, Khao Takhli; Tagane et al. T­ 2329 (BKF), Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan National Park, Ban Krang Camp; Van Beusekom & Smitinand 2045 (AAU, BKF, E n. v., L, P), Chon Buri, Si Racha, Ko Sichang; Van Beusekom et al. 3325 (BKF, K, L), Nakhon Ratchasima, Sakaerat; Van Beusekom et al. 3874 (BKF, K, L, P), Kanchanaburi, Erawan National Park; Van Steenis 19597 (L), North of Bangkok, near Ban Doen; Wongprasert s. n. (BKF [SN 090758]), Lop Buri, Khok Charoen, Wangmanora; Wongprasert et al. s. n. (BKF [SN 120796]), Chon Buri, Pattaya, Ko Phai. Notes — 1. Glossocarya mollis is distinct from other species in Thailand by having a carpophore and a pilose fruit with long spreading hairs on the upper half, exserted from the calyx. However, the hair density on the leaf surfaces is very variable; G. mollis var. maxwellii was described from a single collection with hairs restricted only to the midrib and lateral veins, but this variation is commonly observed from other collections of G. mollis. Therefore, we treated G. mollis var. maxwellii as a new synonym of G. mollis. 2. The collection Annandale 1832 was cited by Fletcher (1938 a) as G. longiflora, but his annotation on the herbarium sheet at SING, done in 1935, mentioned the specimen as G. mollis. The examination of Annandale 1832 at SING clearly reveals that it is G. mollis by having the carpophore and long patent hairs on the upper half of mericarps.	en	Bongcheewin, B., Paton, A. (2023): A taxonomic revision of Glossocarya (Lamiaceae: Ajugoideae) in Thailand. Blumea 68 (1): 52-62, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2023.68.01.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2023.68.01.05
03D62F4DA135FFE2CE10FAE1FE8E270A.taxon	description	Glossocarya premnoides Ridl. (1911) 157. — Lectotype (designated here): Ridley 15149 (lecto K [K 000509686]; isolecto BM [BM 000958063], SING [SING 0068013]), Malaysia, Perlis, Besih Hangit Hill. Woody climber or shrub. Stems obtusely quadrangular with finely longitudinal grooves, dark brown, strigose with long subadpressed hairs. Leaves elliptic-ovate, oblong-elliptic or ovate, 40 – 100 by 30 – 90 mm, apex acute or sometimes attenuate, base subcordate or sometimes obtuse, margins entire, upper surface pubescent with short hairs on major veins, lower surface with dark brown glandular punctate dots and pubescent with short hairs on major veins; petioles 5 – 10 mm long, densely pubescent with short hairs. Inflorescence terminal, 30 – 50 by 50 – 70 mm, cymes compact; bracts oblanceolate 3 – 5 mm long, pubescent with short hairs; bracteoles linear or narrowly oblan- ceolate, 1 – 3 mm long. Flowering calyx obconical, 2 – 2.5 mm long; tube c. 2.5 mm diam at top, pubescent with short hairs and occasionally with glands outside, glabrous inside; lobes equal, triangular-ovate, 0.3 – 0.5 mm long, apex apiculate. Fruiting calyx obovate, 3 – 4 mm long; tube 3 – 4 mm diam at top, sparsely hispid outside, glabrous inside; lobes truncate with minutely apiculate apex. Corolla white; tube 8 – 10 mm long, pubescent with long adpressed and whitish glands outside, glabrous inside; lobes unequal, pubescent with short hairs outside, glabrous inside; the anterior lobe c. 3 by 2 – 2.5 mm, cucullate; other lobes c. 2.5 by 1.5 – 2 mm, apex rounded or broadly acute, margins undulate. Stamens inserted near corolla throat; filaments 14 – 18 mm long, glabrous; anthers oblong, c. 0.8 mm long. Style 18 – 22 (– 24) mm long; branched subequal, c. 1 mm long. Fruit oblong, 6 – 11 by 3 mm, strigose with short adpressed hairs and whitish glands; mericarps basally flattened; seeds 4 – 6 mm long; carpophore absent. Distribution — Restricted to the Malay Peninsula, mainly found in Peninsular Thailand (Peninsular: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla). Habitat & Ecology — In disturbed evergreen forest and on riverbanks in dense thickets with bamboo forest at (10 –) 50 – 150 m elevation. Flowering and fruiting: February to September. Conservation status — Glossocarya premnoides is known from ten collections in Thailand and one collection, the type collection, from Peninsular Malaysia. The habitat is undergoing conversion by human activities, e. g., farming, road expansion. The species has an EOO of 19 967.977 km 2. Although EOO for the species is just under 20 000 km 2 and there is some evidence of decline due to habitat change, there are more than 10 loca- tions (at least 12). Therefore the species is assessed as Least Concern using IUCN Red List Criterion B. Specimens examined. Bongcheewin 1148 (BKF, K), Surat Thani, Phun Phin District, Tha Kham; Gardner et al. ST 1876 (BKF), Surat Thani, Pha- nom, Khlong Phanom National Park, ‘ Rafflesia’ nature trail; Gardner et al. ST 1726 (BKF), Surat Thani, Phanom, Khao Sok River, upstream of Tham Kaew (Crystal Cave); Kerr 12312 (BK, BM, K, SING photo), Surat Thani, Tha Kanawn; Maxwell 87 ­ 234 (AAU, BKF, E n. v., L 2 shts, P), Nakhon Si Tham- marat, Thung Song, Huai Kahn, Ban Thung Kamin, Moo 3; Maxwell 84 ­ 14 (BKF), Songkhla, Hat Yai, Khlong Pom, off of Highway 4; Samanwanakij 106 (BKF), Surat Thani, Ban Na, Ban Paknoon; Sanan 462 (BKF), Surat Thani, Ban Na San, Krachum; Smitinand 2886 (AAU, BKF, K, LL n. v.), Surat Thani, Bangbao; Smitinand 2941 (AAU, BKF, K, LL n. v.), Surat Thani, Tha Kham, Smitinand s. n. (BKF [SN 121949]), Surat Thani, Yan Ta Khun, Khlong Saeng, Bang Kaeo; Winit 545 (K), Kanchanaburi. Note — Glossocarya premnoides is a distinct species by having the remarkable glandular punctate dots on the lower leaf surface (Fig. 3 c) and it is only found in Peninsular Thailand and the Malay Peninsula.	en	Bongcheewin, B., Paton, A. (2023): A taxonomic revision of Glossocarya (Lamiaceae: Ajugoideae) in Thailand. Blumea 68 (1): 52-62, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2023.68.01.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2023.68.01.05
03D62F4DA134FFE2CD5FFA8FFADE27E1.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand (South-western: Kanchanaburi; Central: Ang Thong, Chai Nat, Nonthaburi, Bangkok). Habitat & Ecology — Commonly found in dense thickets along the woodland or on the riverbanks. Flowering and fruiting: June to January. Conservation status — Glossocarya siamensis was collected from outside protected areas. Most habitats are likely to be urbanised, which impacts the available habitat. Besides, no new collections have been made for more than 50 years. The range of EOO is 19 537.622 km 2 and the Vulnerable (VU) category is applied. The EOO is just under the threshold for VU status (<20 000 km 2). Ten localities are recorded and there is some evidence of habitat decline due to urbanisation suggesting the number of localities is fewer than the historic record suggests. For example, the type locality is in Bangkok and the species no longer occurs there. Therefore the species is assessed as Vulnerable B 1 a, b (i, iii). Specimens examined. Den Hoed & Kostermans 969 (K, L), Kanchanaburi, Brangkasi, c. 100 km South of Wangka; Kerr 19530 (BK, BM, K, SING photo), Kanchanaburi, Tha Salao; Marcan 924 (BM), Kanchanaburi; Marcan 1439 (BM), Nonthaburi, Pak Kret; Maxwell 72 ­ 389 (AAU), Ang Thong; Maxwell 71 ­ 489 (BK, L), Ang Thong, Mueang, Howa Pie, Wat Glang; Put 2575 (BK, BM, E n. v.), Ang Thong; Put 2673 (BK, BM, E n. v., K, SING photo), Chai Nat. Note — Glossocarya puberula was described based on a duplicate of inferior quality, with only flowering buds kept at NY. Two other duplicates kept at P are complete with both mature flowering and fruiting characters and clearly recognised as G. siamensis. Likewise, G. siamensis var. pubescens was described based on a variation of hair density on the inflorescence and on the midrib and lateral veins, which are variable characters. Hence, they are synonymised here.	en	Bongcheewin, B., Paton, A. (2023): A taxonomic revision of Glossocarya (Lamiaceae: Ajugoideae) in Thailand. Blumea 68 (1): 52-62, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2023.68.01.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2023.68.01.05
