taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D65E70FFCEFF8265BDD759FCCEF801.taxon	materials_examined	1 ♂, Chaltre, Nepal-Sikkim border, 30 May 1992, collected by D. A. L. Davies. The specimen was donated to Hao-miao Zhang by Matti Hämäläinen (Espoo, Finland) in 2018.	en	Yang, Guo-Hui, Wei, Yun-Yang, Li, Zi-Feng, Song, Rui-Bin, Wen, Yu-Chuan, Li, Xiao-Long, Zi, Dong-Dong, Lyu, Xue-Mei, Zhang, Hao-Miao (2025): Epiophlebia laidlawi daliensis, a new subspecies from Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan (Insecta, Odonata, Epiophlebiidae). Zootaxa 5653 (3): 343-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3
03D65E70FFCDFF8165BDD0A1FDE5FEB6.taxon	materials_examined	1 ♂, 1 ♀, Mushizawa, Yadoriki, Matsuda Town, Kanagawa Pref., Japan, 26 April 2004, collected by H. Karube; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, upper stream of Kibune River, Kyoto City, Japan, collected by O. Tabata. The specimens were received from Haruki Karube (Odawara, Japan).	en	Yang, Guo-Hui, Wei, Yun-Yang, Li, Zi-Feng, Song, Rui-Bin, Wen, Yu-Chuan, Li, Xiao-Long, Zi, Dong-Dong, Lyu, Xue-Mei, Zhang, Hao-Miao (2025): Epiophlebia laidlawi daliensis, a new subspecies from Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan (Insecta, Odonata, Epiophlebiidae). Zootaxa 5653 (3): 343-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3
03D65E70FFCCFF8D65BDD3BDFEF3FB32.taxon	description	Descriptions of the adults Figs. 1 – 6	en	Yang, Guo-Hui, Wei, Yun-Yang, Li, Zi-Feng, Song, Rui-Bin, Wen, Yu-Chuan, Li, Xiao-Long, Zi, Dong-Dong, Lyu, Xue-Mei, Zhang, Hao-Miao (2025): Epiophlebia laidlawi daliensis, a new subspecies from Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan (Insecta, Odonata, Epiophlebiidae). Zootaxa 5653 (3): 343-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3
03D65E70FFCCFF8D65BDD3BDFEF3FB32.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂: Mt. Cangshan, Hengduan Mountains, Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China, 22 May 2022, collected by Hao-miao Zhang and Rui-bin Song; Paratypes: 1 ♀, same data as the holotype; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 23 May 2022, same site and collectors; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 18 May 2022, same site and collectors; 1 ♀ (head missing), 26 May 2022, same site, collected by Guo-hui Yang.	en	Yang, Guo-Hui, Wei, Yun-Yang, Li, Zi-Feng, Song, Rui-Bin, Wen, Yu-Chuan, Li, Xiao-Long, Zi, Dong-Dong, Lyu, Xue-Mei, Zhang, Hao-Miao (2025): Epiophlebia laidlawi daliensis, a new subspecies from Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan (Insecta, Odonata, Epiophlebiidae). Zootaxa 5653 (3): 343-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3
03D65E70FFCCFF8D65BDD3BDFEF3FB32.taxon	description	Measurements (mm). Holotype: total length 57.0; abdomen (incl. appendages) 45.5; hind wing 31.0; paratype males: total length 56.0 – 60.0; abdomen (incl. appendages) 45.0 – 48.5; hind wing 31.0 – 32.0; paratype females: total length 52.0 – 53.0; abdomen (incl. appendages) 42.0 – 43.0; hind wing 31.5 – 32.0.	en	Yang, Guo-Hui, Wei, Yun-Yang, Li, Zi-Feng, Song, Rui-Bin, Wen, Yu-Chuan, Li, Xiao-Long, Zi, Dong-Dong, Lyu, Xue-Mei, Zhang, Hao-Miao (2025): Epiophlebia laidlawi daliensis, a new subspecies from Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan (Insecta, Odonata, Epiophlebiidae). Zootaxa 5653 (3): 343-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3
03D65E70FFCCFF8D65BDD3BDFEF3FB32.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name “ daliensis ” refers to its type locality, which lies within the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan. The name is also related to Dali Ice Age, which is conjectured the time for the formation of the new species.	en	Yang, Guo-Hui, Wei, Yun-Yang, Li, Zi-Feng, Song, Rui-Bin, Wen, Yu-Chuan, Li, Xiao-Long, Zi, Dong-Dong, Lyu, Xue-Mei, Zhang, Hao-Miao (2025): Epiophlebia laidlawi daliensis, a new subspecies from Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan (Insecta, Odonata, Epiophlebiidae). Zootaxa 5653 (3): 343-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3
03D65E70FFCCFF8D65BDD3BDFEF3FB32.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitus. A large-sized and robust species for the genus, the body is fundamentally blackish with yellow markings and hyaline wings (Fig. 1).	en	Yang, Guo-Hui, Wei, Yun-Yang, Li, Zi-Feng, Song, Rui-Bin, Wen, Yu-Chuan, Li, Xiao-Long, Zi, Dong-Dong, Lyu, Xue-Mei, Zhang, Hao-Miao (2025): Epiophlebia laidlawi daliensis, a new subspecies from Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan (Insecta, Odonata, Epiophlebiidae). Zootaxa 5653 (3): 343-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3
03D65E70FFCCFF8D65BDD3BDFEF3FB32.taxon	description	Description of holotype male Head largely brown and covered with dense black setae (Fig. 2). Eyes greenish grey when alive (Fig. 3 c). Labium brown and divided into four lobes, shaped like evenly divided semicircle. Labrum brown, short but broad, with sides protruding transversally. Division of anteclypeus and postclypeus not well defined, the latter being strongly sclerotized, the former weakly so. Antefrons largely yellowish brown; post-frons with fan-like transverse ridge lying between the mid-ocellus and lateral ocelli. Antenna black; scape thick and short, cylindrical shaped; pedicel broad, distinctly flattened dorsoventrally about 3.5 times as long as scape, long setae cover the flattened pedicle at edges; antennomeres 3 – 5 (flagellum) developed and extremely slender. First flagellomere approximately half as long as pedicel, second flagellomere half as long as first flagellomere, and third flagellomere as long as second. Compound eyes well separated by dorsal part of the occiput, which is black and covered with dense setae; posterior to dorsal area, on either side with flatly rounded process. Thorax short and rather globular, fundamentally black, slightly paler on the venter where brown; three pairs of yellow stripes present, antehumeral stripe broad and comma shaped; stripe on metepisternum very broad and ending at metastigma; posterior-ventral margin of metepimeron with tear-drop shaped mark. Legs short and almost black except for coxae, trochanters and base of femora, all tinted with reddish brown (Fig. 3 c). Wings hyaline and palely tinted with brown, wing apices slightly pointed, veins black. Pterostigma black covering 3.0 – 3.5 cells, no brace vein; nodal-index: forewings: 13 (right) and 12 (left) antenodals above Sc; 9 (right) and 10 (left) postnodals above R 1. Hindwing: 8 antenodals above Sc; 9 postnodals above R 1. No crossvein in quadrilateral cell. Other characters of wings typical of other species of genus, including quadrilateral cell of fore wings elongated, having long dorsal side (the base of R 4 + 5); distal primary antenodal vein situated obliquely; slightly developed anal angle present. Abdomen very long, coloration black dorsally but with a dorso-ventral colour gradient to nearly brown towards venter, S 2 – 7 with white narrow stripes along ventral margin (Fig. 3 c). S 1 – 9 with yellow dorsal apical markings: mark on S 1 large and crescent shaped; marks on S 2 – 9 triangular but on S 9 reduced. S 10 and caudal appendages black. S 3 – 7 of almost equal length. S 10 with mid-dorsal ridge and distal part extending broadly to cover bases of appendages. Superior caudal appendage simple, short and flat; inferior broadly divaricate with paired swellings ventrally to lateral hooks (Fig. 4 d – f). Male genital valvule valves on 9 th sternum more or less extruded and slightly curved (Fig. 4 d, f). Rudiment of larval paraprocts displays only a few hairs and forms two equal sides of triangular structure. Accessory genitalia: lamina anterior a flat plate with central swelling covered with long setae. Anterior hamuli nodular and strongly hooked apically (Fig. 5 c – d); posterior hamulus extending backwards with anchor-like ends (Fig. 5 c – d). Description of paratype females Head almost the same as that of male, but anteclypeus paler and dorsal part of occiput lying between compound eyes slightly broader than in male; no occipital process as in male. Thorax almost same as that of male; the anal part of hindwing more rounded (Fig. 1 b, 1 d, 3 d). Abdomen similarly coloured to male but of more robust build; subtriangular or T-shaped terminal yellow marking on S 1 – 7, very faint on S 8; S 2 – 7 with white narrow stripes along ventral margin more developed than male (Fig. 1 b, 1 d, 3 d); sternal plate of t S 10 more or less produced backwards and armed with short bristles. Cercus short and entirely black. Ovipositor well developed, 8 th sternal plate ends into protruding process covering the base of the gonad opening (Fig. 6 b).	en	Yang, Guo-Hui, Wei, Yun-Yang, Li, Zi-Feng, Song, Rui-Bin, Wen, Yu-Chuan, Li, Xiao-Long, Zi, Dong-Dong, Lyu, Xue-Mei, Zhang, Hao-Miao (2025): Epiophlebia laidlawi daliensis, a new subspecies from Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan (Insecta, Odonata, Epiophlebiidae). Zootaxa 5653 (3): 343-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3
03D65E70FFCCFF8D65BDD3BDFEF3FB32.taxon	biology_ecology	Notes on biology. The streams at Mt. Cangshan are fast-flowing, cold and clear near the top of the mountain with rather dense mixed forest (Fig. 7). The larvae were most abundant from 2800 m to 3300 m elevation, where the exuviae were also found, they emerged near the stream. Adults began to fly around noon and there were two flight periods during the day, from 12: 00 to 13: 30 and from 15: 30 to 16: 30. They always appeared without sunshine, moderate wind and cool air. The temperature for flying appears to be from 14 ℃ to 20 ℃, but they were most active in very cool and gloomy weather, even in little rain. The males were observed flying very high and fast across the valley. Fully mature males normally fly fast across the stream at 1 – 3 m above water in the afternoon, and are difficult to capture. Females usually hide in the forest and they approach water for oviposition from 12: 00 to 17: 30. It is still uncertain which plants were preferred since they were found laying eggs in many different species of plants. Most adults were seen perching high on pine trees except a female perching low on an herbaceous plant. On 18 th May, the first pair of specimens were very fresh and young, the female was not fully mature. At the beginning of July, all the individuals collected were aged, showing the flight season was a little over one month. The ground colour of both sexes is darkened by age, and the yellow markings especially on the dorsal part of the abdomen are also reduced by age.	en	Yang, Guo-Hui, Wei, Yun-Yang, Li, Zi-Feng, Song, Rui-Bin, Wen, Yu-Chuan, Li, Xiao-Long, Zi, Dong-Dong, Lyu, Xue-Mei, Zhang, Hao-Miao (2025): Epiophlebia laidlawi daliensis, a new subspecies from Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan (Insecta, Odonata, Epiophlebiidae). Zootaxa 5653 (3): 343-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3
03D65E70FFCCFF8D65BDD3BDFEF3FB32.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the Hengduan Mountains, Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China.	en	Yang, Guo-Hui, Wei, Yun-Yang, Li, Zi-Feng, Song, Rui-Bin, Wen, Yu-Chuan, Li, Xiao-Long, Zi, Dong-Dong, Lyu, Xue-Mei, Zhang, Hao-Miao (2025): Epiophlebia laidlawi daliensis, a new subspecies from Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan (Insecta, Odonata, Epiophlebiidae). Zootaxa 5653 (3): 343-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3
03D65E70FFCCFF8D65BDD3BDFEF3FB32.taxon	description	Description of larvae Figs. 8 – 11 Material examined. 1 ♀ larva and exuviae (penultimate), 7 June 2021, Dali City, Yunnan Province, China, collected by Guo – hui Yang; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ ultimate larvae, 13 April 2022, same site and collector. Measurements (mm) Larvae (in alcohol, N = 3), body length (including caudal appendages) 26 – 29; length of abdomen (including caudal appendages) 15 – 16; maximum head width 7.0 – 7.1; length of hind femur 5.05 – 5.15.	en	Yang, Guo-Hui, Wei, Yun-Yang, Li, Zi-Feng, Song, Rui-Bin, Wen, Yu-Chuan, Li, Xiao-Long, Zi, Dong-Dong, Lyu, Xue-Mei, Zhang, Hao-Miao (2025): Epiophlebia laidlawi daliensis, a new subspecies from Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan (Insecta, Odonata, Epiophlebiidae). Zootaxa 5653 (3): 343-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3
03D65E70FFCCFF8D65BDD3BDFEF3FB32.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitus. Body dark brown to black with pair of light brown stripes on dorsum of synthorax when alive, somewhat limpet-shaped with granulate cuticle, without dorsal hooks, lateral spines present on S 7 – 9 (Fig. 8).	en	Yang, Guo-Hui, Wei, Yun-Yang, Li, Zi-Feng, Song, Rui-Bin, Wen, Yu-Chuan, Li, Xiao-Long, Zi, Dong-Dong, Lyu, Xue-Mei, Zhang, Hao-Miao (2025): Epiophlebia laidlawi daliensis, a new subspecies from Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan (Insecta, Odonata, Epiophlebiidae). Zootaxa 5653 (3): 343-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3
03D65E70FFCCFF8D65BDD3BDFEF3FB32.taxon	description	Head. Wider than long, wider than prothorax and slightly narrower than synthorax. Labrum dark brown, wider than frons without marking, slightly scooplike with shallow median indentation. Genae produced forward well beyond the anterior margin of compound eyes and ventrally formed into granule-lined ridge along prementum. Frontoclypeal region with low transverse ridge (Fig. 8, 9 d). Occiput rounded on side, but concave at middle. Compound eyes not large. Antennae filiform, 5 – segmented, and tightly appressed to face, antennal pedicel 2 times as long as its widest part, shorter than first flagellar segment; first flagellar segment long, about 0.54 times as much as second segment, length of each antennal segment (mm): 0.28, 0.52, 0.6, 0.21, 0.14 (Fig. 9 a, 9 d). Prementum longer and wide, about 1.4 times as long as its widest part, and 2.4 times its width at base, with small marginal setae; medial cleft not deep, less than one-tenth length of prementum, tightly appressed cleft, lateral margins strongly sinuate with dorsally directed flange in basal half (Fig. 8 b – d). Apical lobe of palp long leaf-like, rounded-truncate at external angle, with a row of irregular protrusions on inner margin; movable hook slightly shorter than distance from base of movable hook to base of palp, surface lustrous; sharply-pointed apex slender (Fig. 9 e). Mandibles dark brown to black, formula: L 12340 a (m 1, 2, 3, 4) / R 1234 y a (m 1, 2, 3, 4), incisor teeth rounded, 3> 4> 2> 1, 4 of both molar crest (Fig. 9 f – i). Maxillae with five long, robust, incurved hooks, and row of long, stiff setae; maxillary palp curved and tapered to blunt point, bearing dense setae (Fig. 9 j – k). Thorax. Prothorax dark brown to black, trapezoid, circular on lateral margin. Proepisterna and proepimera projected laterally forming V-shaped, bluntly tipped apophyses, or “ prothoracic apophyses ” (Fig. 9 l). Synthorax dark brown to black, smooth, hairless and with light brown markings on dorsum. Legs dark brown, not smooth, femora flattened, fore femur longer 2.9 times as long as its widest part (Fig. 9 m), foretibia with an inner apical brush of palpiform setae; Wing cases parallel, forewing cases reach hind margin of S 3, hindwing cases reach to middle of S 4 (Fig. 8, 9 n). Abdomen. Spindle-shaped and dark brown. Dorsal hooks absent, lateral spines on S 7 – 9 (Fig. 8, 9 p, 9 n). Widest on segment 7, S 3 to 10 with low medial ridge; abdominal stridulatory file 3 to 7, but vestigial on the S 3 and S 7, about 1 / 4 length of S 3 and 1 / 2 length of S 7, moderately developed on 4, well developed on S 5 and S 6 (Fig. 9 n). Paraproct broad leaf-like, about 1.2 mm long with hair-lined inner surface; length of epiproct 0.8 mm, male basal lamina with blunt tip, as long as 1 / 2 of epiproct. Cerci short, 0.43 mm long, shorter than epiproct (Fig. 9 o). Female gonapophyses well developed, long, near reaching to the end of S 9 (Fig. 9 q).	en	Yang, Guo-Hui, Wei, Yun-Yang, Li, Zi-Feng, Song, Rui-Bin, Wen, Yu-Chuan, Li, Xiao-Long, Zi, Dong-Dong, Lyu, Xue-Mei, Zhang, Hao-Miao (2025): Epiophlebia laidlawi daliensis, a new subspecies from Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan (Insecta, Odonata, Epiophlebiidae). Zootaxa 5653 (3): 343-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3
03D65E70FFCCFF8D65BDD3BDFEF3FB32.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis of adults Adult E. l. daliensis is similar to E. l. laidlawi in body proportions and size (Fig. 3 e), with a very long and slender abdomen, but the body coloration and structures of caudal appendages and secondary genitalia differ clearly. Epiophlebia l. daliensis also shares some characters in E. superstes, but E. superstes is much smaller with a relatively shorter abdomen (Fig. 3 a, 3 b). Based on the comparison of body coloration, head, male caudal appendages and secondary genitalia and female ovipositor, we rank E. l. daliensis as a subspecies of E. laidlawi. These differences are discussed below. The body coloration is fundamentally blackish with yellow stripes in E. l. daliensis. and E. superstes but more brownish with fewer yellow stripes in E. l. laidlawi, yellow stripes most developed in E. superstes (Fig. 3 a, 3 b), less in E. l. daliensis (Fig. 3 c, 3 d) and reduced in E. l. laidlawi (Fig. 3 e). Three pairs of yellow stripes present on synthorax in E. superstes (Fig. 3 a, 3 b) and E. l. daliensis (Fig. 3 c, 3 d) but only two pairs in E. l. laidlawi (Fig. 3 e), and yellow markings largely developed in E. superstes, the thorax of E. superstes shows additional ventrolateral markings and yellow spots on the coxae and the prothorax. The coloration of the abdomen is brownish with a dorsoventral color gradient to nearly black towards the tip of the tergites in E. l. daliensis (Fig. 3 c, 3 d) and E. l. laidlawi (Fig. 3 e), whereas the color of E. superstes is black all over (Fig. 3 a, 3 b). S 2 – 7 with white narrow stripes along the ventral margin in E. l. daliensis but less developed in E. l. laidlawi and E. superstes. Epiophlebia superstes is covered with black and yellow hairs, whereas E. l. daliensis and E. l. laidlawi displays less hair, which is brown. Legs are largely black in E. superstes (Fig. 3 a, 3 b), almost black except the coxa, trochanter and base of femur tinted with reddish brown in E. l. daliensis (Fig. 3 c, 3 d), but femur with extensive reddish brown in E. l. laidlawi (Fig. 3 e). The head of E. l. daliensis and E. l. laidlawi is colored in different shades of brown up to black without any yellow markings, opposed to the black colored head with yellow mouthparts, antefrons and vertex of E. superstes, the mouthparts, antefrons and vertex of E. l. daliensis and E. l. laidlawi are lighter brown or reddish brown. Büsse (2016) found the vertex is V-shaped in E. superstes and U-shaped in E. l. laidlawi, which is not clearly separated in specimens studied here, they are all U-shaped form but in E. l. daliensis and E. superstes the vertex is more raised from frontal view than in E. l. laidlawi which is shorter. The caudal appendages of all three taxa are rounded and simple and have a uniform shape (Fig. 4). Although in E. superstes, additional ventral branches are developed (Fig. 4 a). The shape of inferior appendage is very similar in E. l. daliensis and E. l. laidlawi but differs in some aspects. From lateral view it is slightly longer than the superiors in E. l. daliensis (Fig. 4 d) thus from dorsal view it could be seen (Fig. 4 e), but shorter or equal length with superiors in E. l. laidlawi (Fig. 4 g) thus hard to see it from dorsal view (Fig. 4 h). From ventral view the inferior appendage is clearly wider than the superiors in E. l. daliensis (Fig. 4 f) but it is entirely hidden beneath the superiors in E. l. laidlawi (Fig. 4 i). The valves of the genital valvule on the 9 th sternum also of different shape in three species: the valves curved and forming a round cavity in E. l. daliensis (Fig. 4 f) but they are straight and forming a triangular cavity in E. superstes (Fig. 4 c) and E. l. laidlawi (Fig. 4 i). The male hamulus posterior is anchor-like in E. l. daliensis and E. l. laidlawi with the distal lobe strongly curved (Fig. 5 c, 5 e), but looks like a scorpion’s stinger in E. superstes with the distal lobe almost straight (Fig. 5 a). The hamuli anterior are long and hook-like in E. l. daliensis and E. superstes in contrast to the shorter and blunt development in E. l. laidlawi, the distal hook is very long and black in ventral view in E. l. daliensis (Fig. 5 c) and E. superstes (Fig. 5 a), but short and brown in E. l. laidlawi (Fig. 5 e). The elevation in the center of the lamina anterior is more protruding and like a pointed ridge in E. l. daliensis (Fig. 5 d), by contrast, in E. superstes (Fig. 5 b) and E. l. laidlawi (Fig. 5 f), it is a flattened convexity. The abdominal process on sternite 8 in female is most developed and sting-like in E. l. daliensis (Fig. 6 b) than in E. superstes (Fig. 6 a), it is weakly developed in E. l. laidlawi, resembles a blunt hook by Büsse (2016). Important morphological differences for discrimination are summarized in Table 3. These characters are: stable coloration pattern including body ground color, coloration of face, yellow stripes of synthorax; males can be well separated by the structure of shape of caudal appendages and accessory genitalia, females by the shape of process on sternite 8. The limitation is the number of available specimens of both subspecies. The only male specimen of E. l. laidlawi for this study was collected over 30 years ago, the variation is not able to be discussed here. The male drawing of E. l. laidlawi by Gyeltshen et al. (2017) also possesses less yellow markings on abdomen and the ground body color is paler than the new subspecies, identical to our studied male. So, the diagnosis discussed above should be noticed and improved by the increasing of specimens available. Differential diagnosis on larvae The larva of E. l. laidlawi was described by Tillyard (1921) and Asahina (1954) provided a detailed description of E. superstes. The larva of E. l. daliensis differs from the other two by the first flagellar segment of antennal long, and the medial cleft no deep (the first flagellar segment is less than 1 / 3 of second segment, and medial cleft more than one tenth of the length of prementum in the other three species) (Fig. 9). In addition, the larva of E. l. daliensis can also be separated from that of E. superstes by femora flattened and abdominal stridulatory file of S 3 vestigial (femora not strongly flattened, fore femur longer 3.4 times as long as its widest, and abdominal stridula tory file of S 3 well developed in E. superstes (Fig. 10 b, 10 e); and from that of E. l. laidlawi by premental cleft short and abdominal stridulatory file of S 6 well developed (premental cleft as long as ventral width of palp at midlength and abdominal stridulatory file of S 6 less than length of S 6 in E. l. laidlawi (Fig. 11 c, 11 e).	en	Yang, Guo-Hui, Wei, Yun-Yang, Li, Zi-Feng, Song, Rui-Bin, Wen, Yu-Chuan, Li, Xiao-Long, Zi, Dong-Dong, Lyu, Xue-Mei, Zhang, Hao-Miao (2025): Epiophlebia laidlawi daliensis, a new subspecies from Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan (Insecta, Odonata, Epiophlebiidae). Zootaxa 5653 (3): 343-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.3
