identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D78B03FFC0FF88EAF1ECC7E9A7FE54.text	03D78B03FFC0FF88EAF1ECC7E9A7FE54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pterodroma Bonaparte 1856	<div><p>Genus  Pterodroma Bonaparte, 1856</p><p>The material presented herein is included in the genus  Pterodroma because of the following combination of characters: the dorsal distal outline of the premaxilla shows a deep concave kink in lateral view, the lachrymal is perfectly fused to the frontal and ectethmoid without any noticeable remaining suture between them forming part of the anterior wall of the eye socket (Warham 1996).</p><p>The bones are larger than  Hydrobatidae and  Oceanitidae with different proportions to those of  Oceanitidae as they have short, stout humeri, ulnae, and femora, and greatly elongated tibiotarsi and tarsometatarsi (Olson 1985). These bones show no tendency toward the deep-diving adaptations of  Puffinus or  Pelecanoides in either the wing (flattened humerus and ulna) or hindlimbs (enlargement of crista cnemialis of the tibiotarsi and flattened tarsometatarsi) (Warham 1996). The cranium lacks the elongation of the area between the ectethmoid and the nasofrontal hinge with anterior elongation of the lacrimal typical of  Oceanitidae (Olson and James 1991) .</p><p>The fusion of the lachrymal to the frontal and ectethmoid is absent in most  Procellariformes (Olson 1975b, Wharham 1996), but is present in the close genus  Lugensa . The present material can be differentiated from  Lugensa by the presence of a fenestrated fossa glandulae nasalis in the latter (Maurício 2014).</p><p>The shape of the fossil humeri also differs from the very slender and cylindrical humeri of  Bulweria (Kuroda, 1983) . In addition, the shape of these bones and the limb proportions are like other  Pterodroma species ( Pt. madeira,  Pt. feae,  Pt. cahow, and  Pt. deserta) and different from those of  Bulweria (Olson, 1975b) .</p><p>These anatomical features have been checked with skeletons of  Pt. madeira,  Pt. feae,  Pt. cahow, and  Pt. deserta,  Puffinus puffinus (Brünnich, 1764),  Pu. baroli Bonaparte, 1856, and  Bulweria bulwerii (Jardine and Selby, 1828) ( Procellariidae),  Pelagodroma marina (Latham, 1790) ( Oceanitidae), and  Hydrobates pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) ( Hydrobatidae).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D78B03FFC0FF88EAF1ECC7E9A7FE54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rando, Juan C.;Pieper, Harald;Pereira, Fernando;Torres-Roig, Enric;Alcover, Josep Antoni	Rando, Juan C., Pieper, Harald, Pereira, Fernando, Torres-Roig, Enric, Alcover, Josep Antoni (2024): Petrel extinction in Macaronesia (North-East Atlantic Ocean): the case of the genus Pterodroma (Aves: Procellariiformes: Procellariidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (2): 1-15, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae123, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae123
03D78B03FFC0FF8EE981EA03EF59F954.text	03D78B03FFC0FF8EE981EA03EF59F954.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pterodroma zinorum Rando & Pieper & Pereira & Torres-Roig & Alcover 2024	<div><p>Pterodroma zinorum Rando et al. sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:69B8A7C7-875A-4D23-B3E8414785A6EED4.</p><p>Holotype: MCMa 23020.023, a partial associated skeleton, including almost complete skull with premaxilla lacking palatinum and pterygoideum, left and right quadratum, 16 vertebrae, synsacrum, clavicula, a proximal fragment of the sternum, left and right coracoids, left and right scapula lacking distal part, right humerus, left and right ulna, left and right radius, right carpometacarpus, left phalanx proximalis digiti majoris, left phalanx distalis digiti majoris, left femur, distal fragment of right femur, proximal fragment of the right tibiotarsus, left tibiotarsus, left tarsometatarsus, and four pedal phalanges (Fig. 2; Supporting Information, Figs S1–S8).</p><p>Measurements of the holotype (mm): skull length: 66.3; skull height: 19.7; interorbital width: 8.7; culmen length: 16.5; coracoid length: 26; coracoid width: 17.4; right humerus length: 74.2; left ulna length: 76.5; right carpometacarpus length: 37; left femur length: 27; left tibiotarsus length: 49; left tarsometatarsus length: 30.2.</p><p>Type locality:  Furna das Torres, Pico Island (Azores).</p><p>Horizon: Late Quaternary–Recent.</p><p>Distribution: The Azores archipelago (at least the islands of Graciosa, São Jorge, Pico, Terceira, and São Miguel).</p><p>Status: Extinct.</p><p>Etymology: The species’ name honours both the late Paul Alexander Zino and his son Francis Zino for their effort and contributions to the knowledge and conservation of  Pterodroma species from Macaronesia.</p><p>Paratypes: MCMa 23021.023, a partial associated skeleton including an almost complete skull with premaxilla lacking palatinum and pterygoideum, three fragments of the mandible, eight vertebrae, incomplete sternum, right humerus, left ulna, left radius, a proximal fragment of right radius, right carpometacarpus, left phalanx proximalis digiti majoris, right femur, right tibiotarsus, right tarsometatarsus, and two pedal phalanges.</p><p>MCMa 23022.023, a partial associated skeleton, including an almost complete skull with premaxilla lacking pterygoideum, left quadratum, three vertebrae, synsacrum, a proximal fragment of the sternum, left coracoid, a distal fragment of the right coracoid, left scapula, right humerus, right ulna, a distal fragment of the left ulna, a distal fragment of the left radius, right carpometacarpus, a distal fragment of the left carpometacarpus, right femur, left tibiotarsus, a distal fragment of the right tibiotarsus, left tarsometatarsus, and a proximal fragment of the right tarsometatarsus.</p><p>Other material belonging to  Pterodroma zinorum: See Supporting Information, Table S1.</p><p>Suggested English name: Azorean Little Gadfly Petrel.</p><p>Suggested Portuguese name: Freira pequena dos Açores.</p><p>Diagnosis: A small species of  Pterodroma similar in size to  Pt. madeira from Madeira Island but with shorter forelimb bones (specially the ulna) and tarsometatarsus, but with a wider fossa glandulae nasalis in  Pt. zinorum than in  Pt. madeira . In addition, the distal extreme of the rostri maxillae of the new species shows a dorsal side higher and more curved than in  Pt. madeira (Fig. 2).</p><p>Much smaller than the other Atlantic species of this genus (Tables 2–4; Figs 2–7; Supporting Information, S1–S8), including the South Atlantic  Pt. incerta (Schlegel, 1863) (Carboneras et al. 2020a), but with a humerus longer than the small Pacific Ocean species of this genus,  Pt. pycrossi Falla, 1933,  Pt. cookii (Gray, 1843),  Pt. leucoptera (Gould, 1844),  Pt. nigripennis (Rothschild, 1893), and  Pt. axillaris (Salvin, 1893) [see Table 3 and Cooper and Tennyson (2008)].</p><p>Remarks: The 14 C date of the complete right ulna of one specimen of  Pt. zinorum sp. nov. from the type locality (RICH-21397) 1181 ± 30 BP was calibrated with 38 ± 139 (∆ R ± SD) providing the interval 1104–1672 CE (Table 1). Although there is overlap in the length of the hindlimb bones (femur, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus) of  Pt. zinorum and  Pt. madeira, forelimb bones referable to the former (humerus, ulna, and carpometacarpus) are smaller than in  Pt. madeira (Tables 2–4; Figs 2–4, 6, 7; Supporting Information, Figs S1–S8), so  Pt. zinorum is the smallest Atlantic species of the genus. The morphology of the postcranial bones of the new species is similar to that of  Pt. madeira with differences in the bone length between the two species. The ulna, tarsometatarsus (Wilk’s Lambda = 0.203; d.f. = 4, 52; P &lt;.001), and carpometacarpus (U = –2.683; P &lt;.007, U = –2.761; P &lt;.006) are smaller than  Pt. madeira (tests performed between current bones of  Pt. madeira and material from both Graciosa and Pico Islands, respectively). The new species has a shorter culmen (U = –2.121; P =.034) and a narrower nasofrontal joint (U = –2.236; P =.025) (tests performed between current bones of  Pt. madeira and material from Pico) (Tables 2–4; Fig. 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D78B03FFC0FF8EE981EA03EF59F954	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rando, Juan C.;Pieper, Harald;Pereira, Fernando;Torres-Roig, Enric;Alcover, Josep Antoni	Rando, Juan C., Pieper, Harald, Pereira, Fernando, Torres-Roig, Enric, Alcover, Josep Antoni (2024): Petrel extinction in Macaronesia (North-East Atlantic Ocean): the case of the genus Pterodroma (Aves: Procellariiformes: Procellariidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (2): 1-15, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae123, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae123
03D78B03FFC6FF8EEB58EEF8E865F93C.text	03D78B03FFC6FF8EEB58EEF8E865F93C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pterodroma deserta Mathews 1934	<div><p>Pterodroma deserta</p><p>Material and collection information: IMEDEA 109596, fragmented humerus. IMEDEA 109597, left complete ulna. IMEDEA 109595, right complete tarsometarsus.</p><p>Horizon: Holocene–Recent. Distribution: BugioIslet (DesertasIslands,MadeiraArchipelago).</p><p>Remarks: The material, probably very recent, is biometrically and morphologically indistinguishable from those of the current population of  Pt. deserta that breed on this small islet.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D78B03FFC6FF8EEB58EEF8E865F93C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rando, Juan C.;Pieper, Harald;Pereira, Fernando;Torres-Roig, Enric;Alcover, Josep Antoni	Rando, Juan C., Pieper, Harald, Pereira, Fernando, Torres-Roig, Enric, Alcover, Josep Antoni (2024): Petrel extinction in Macaronesia (North-East Atlantic Ocean): the case of the genus Pterodroma (Aves: Procellariiformes: Procellariidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (2): 1-15, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae123, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae123
03D78B03FFC6FF82EE1CEEABEEA8F887.text	03D78B03FFC6FF82EE1CEEABEEA8F887.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pterodroma undefined-A	<div><p>Pterodroma sp.A</p><p>The fossil bones included under this name are slightly larger than those of current  Pt. madeira, specifically the skull length (Tables 2, 4). This fact, together with its breeding habitat in sand dunes close to the coast, which is very different from that of  Pt. madeira that breeds inland 1600 m above sea level on Madeira Island (Carboneras et al. 2020b), suggests that it could be a new species. However, its ascription of these materials to other current species cannot be ruled out due to the close morphology and size that show the species inside this genus (Figs 3–7; Tables 2, 4; Supporting Information, Figs S1–S8).</p><p>Material and collection information: See Supporting Information, Table S1.</p><p>Horizon: Quaternary–Recent.</p><p>Distribution: Sandy sites of Porto Santo (Fonte da Areia and North Dunes) ( Madeira Archipelago).</p><p>Remarks: The 14 C date of the left ulna,radius,and carpometacarpus of one specimen of  Pterodroma sp. A from North Dunes (WK-28566, 7113 ± 37 BP) was calibrated with 18 ± 141 (∆ R ± SD) to provide the interval 5739–5115 cal BCE (Table 1). Some of the material overlaps with several extant North Atlantic species of  Pterodroma (Tables 2, 4) but is closer to those of  Pt. madeira than to the other species of bigger size (Fig. 3). No differences were found between ulna lengths from the current  Pt. madeira and from North Dunes (U = –0.645; P =.519) and from Fonte da Areia (U = 0; P = 1) but the carpometacarpus length of the current  Pt. madeira is smaller than those of North Dunes (U = –2.021 P =.043) and Fonte da Areia (U = –2.44 P =.015).</p><p>Material from Fonte da Areia and North Dunes (humerus, ulna, carpometacarpus, femur, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus) is longer than those of  Pt. zinorum from the Azores (Wilk’s Lambda = 0.53; d.f. = 6, 17; P &lt;.001) but many are smaller than those of  Pt. deserta and  Pt. cahow (Nichols and Mowbray, 1916) (humerus and ulna, Wilk’s Lambda = 0.28; d.f. = 4, 30; P =.001; tibiotarsus, U = –2.102; P =.036 and U = –2.57; P =.01; and tarsometatarsus, U = –2.488; P =.013 in both tests).</p><p>The MANOVA performed with the humerus, ulna and carpometacarpus lengths from Porto Santo (Fonte da Areia and North Dunes) and fossil material from Madeira revealed differences (Wilk’s Lambda = 0.455; d.f. = 6, 36; P =.021) with the ulnae from the Madeiran fossils being longer than those from  North Dunes (P =.009) and  Fonte da Areia (P =.002). However, there were no differences between the humerus (P =.644 and P =.881) and carpometacarpus (P =.571 and P =.276) of fossil material from Madeira and these sites of Porto Santo. The ANOVA performed between the femur length of fossil material from Madeira and  Fonte da Areia indicates a longer size of the former (F 1,21 = 6.154; P =.022). The tibiotarsus length of the Madeira fossils is similar to those from  Fonte da Areia (F 1,11 = 1.283; P =.281) and  North Dunes (U = -1.043; P =.297), whereas the tarsometatarsus is longer in the fossil material from Madeira than  Fonte da Areia (F 1,23 = 32.55; P &lt;.001) and  North Dunes (U = –2.413; P =.016).</p><p>The bones from the Porto dos Frades site (Porto Santo) are longer than those from Fonte da Areia and North Dunes. The MANOVA performed with the humerus, ulna, and carpometacarpus lengths from  North Dunes,  Fonte da Areia, and Porto dos Frades (all sites from Porto Santo) show differences (Wilk’s Lambda = 0.194; d.f. = 6, 34; P &lt;.001) between the material from Porto dos Frades and  Fonte da Areia (P &lt;.001) and between Porto dos Frades and  North Dunes (P &lt;.001). The femurs from Porto dos Frades are longer than those of  Fonte da Areia (F 1,17 = 14.63; P =.001). The tibiotarsus from Porto dos Frades are longer than both from North dunes (U = –2,49; P =.013) and  Fonte da Areia (F 1,15 = 23.25; P &lt;.001), like the tarsometarsus (U = –2211; P =.027, and F 1, 30 = 10.12; P &lt;.003, respectively).</p><p>The material from Fonte da Areia and North Dunes is smaller than those from the Azores (excluding those of  Pt. zinorum n. sp.) (see Figs 3, 4, 6, 7; Tables 2–4). In addition, the  Pterodroma bones from El Hierro (Canary Islands) are larger than those from Fonte da Areia (U = –2727; P =.006) and North Dunes (U = –2598; P =.009) (test performed with carpometacarpus lengths).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D78B03FFC6FF82EE1CEEABEEA8F887	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rando, Juan C.;Pieper, Harald;Pereira, Fernando;Torres-Roig, Enric;Alcover, Josep Antoni	Rando, Juan C., Pieper, Harald, Pereira, Fernando, Torres-Roig, Enric, Alcover, Josep Antoni (2024): Petrel extinction in Macaronesia (North-East Atlantic Ocean): the case of the genus Pterodroma (Aves: Procellariiformes: Procellariidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (2): 1-15, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae123, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae123
03D78B03FFCAFF81EE1CEF52E880FA69.text	03D78B03FFCAFF81EE1CEF52E880FA69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pterodroma undefined-B	<div><p>Pterodroma sp.B</p><p>This name includes material that is similar in morphology and close in size to those of the current  Pt. deserta,  Pt. feae, and  Pt. cahow, so they could be included in any of these species. Nevertheless, it also remains possible (even probable) that they represent one or more cryptic unknown species (Figs 3, 4, 6, 7; Tables 2, 3, 4; Supporting Information, Figs S1–S8).</p><p>Material and collection information: See Supporting Information, Table S1.</p><p>Horizon: Late Quaternary–Recent.</p><p>Distribution: Porto dos Frades (Porto Santo,  Madeira Archipelago), Madeira Island, and the Azores (São Miguel, Terceira, Graciosa, São Jorge, and Pico).</p><p>Remarks: The 14 C date of two fragments of ulna (proximal right and distal left) of one specimen of  Pterodroma sp. B from Furna das Torres, Pico (Azores): RICH-21398 and 1654 ± 30 BP, was calibrated with 38 ± 139 (∆ R ± SD) providing the interval 665–1263 CE (Table 1). These bones are longer than those of the current  Pt. madeira (Tables 2–4; Figs 3, 4, 6, 7). The ANOVA performed with the ulna lengths of the current  Pt. madeira and those from these material [from Madeira Island, Porto dos Frades (Porto Santo), and Graciosa, Pico, and São Miguel (Azores)] indicate a smaller size of  Pt. madeira bones (F 5,62 = 18 526; P &lt;.001). The carpometacarpus from Madeira Island, Porto dos Frades (Porto Santo), Graciosa, and Pico are longer than those of the current  Pt. madeira (U = –2.170; P =.03, U = –2.846; P =.004, U = –2.536; P =.011, and U = –2.449; P =.014, respectively). In addition, the ANOVA performed with the tarsometatarsus lengths of the current  Pt. madeira and those of  Pterodroma sp. B from the island of Madeira sites and from Porto Santo (Porto dos Frades) indicate a small size of the former (F 2,41 = 53 326; P &lt;.001).</p><p>The material of this genus found in the Canary Islands (El Hierro) (Rando 2002) is of a similar size to those of this group (Tables 2, 4; Figs 3, 4, 6, 7). No differences were found in the carpometacarpus lengths between the fossil bones from El Hierro, the fossils from Pico (U = –0,816; P =.414), São Jorge (U = –0,655; P =.513), Porto dos Frades (U = –1528; P =.126), and the bones of the current specimens of  Pt. cahow (U = –1061; P =.289) and  Pt. deserta (U = –0,707; P =.48).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D78B03FFCAFF81EE1CEF52E880FA69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rando, Juan C.;Pieper, Harald;Pereira, Fernando;Torres-Roig, Enric;Alcover, Josep Antoni	Rando, Juan C., Pieper, Harald, Pereira, Fernando, Torres-Roig, Enric, Alcover, Josep Antoni (2024): Petrel extinction in Macaronesia (North-East Atlantic Ocean): the case of the genus Pterodroma (Aves: Procellariiformes: Procellariidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (2): 1-15, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae123, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae123
